Mortality in Paediatric Medical Services over a Two-Year Period at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation

Objectives: To identify common causes and patterns of mortality and associated modifiable factors in Paediatric medical services, GPHC for 2016 and 2017. Design and Methods: Descriptive, Cross-sectional retrospective study of all Paediatrics deaths for 2016 and 2017 from the Paediatrics Medical Ward and ICU at GPHC. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23 for descriptive statistics. Results: The Paediatrics Medical Ward saw 2419 admissions in 2016 and 2168 in 2017. There were 86 deaths recorded in the death registry during the two years, of which 57 deceased patient charts were reviewed, 29 charts (33.7%) were missing. Of the 57 charts reviewed, 42.1% were males and 57.9% were females. The most common final diagnosis was bronchopneumonia/pneumonia (n=1 (22.8%), followed by sepsis (n= 12 (21.0%). This pattern was seen in both the general sample population and the patients ≤ 5 years. Some of the modifiable factors which showed clinical significance when compared with length of hospitalization were; lack of routine reviews on the ward (p value 0.016), poor documentation of consultation information on referral notes (p value 0.032) and poor or no pre-hospital treatment before transfer (p value 0.017). Conclusions: Factors associated with mortality are mainly hospital-related and should, therefore, be given urgent attention for resolution which may reduce childhood mortality. In addition, the common causes of death are preventable and treatable respiratory and infectious diseases. Recommendations: Develop referral, transfer and management protocols for critical patients. Sensitization of staff on modifiable factors to effect positive behavioural change.

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Factors influence abroad or home post graduates training among medical students: experience from Sudan

International Journal of Medicine ◽

10.14419/ijm.v5i1.7439 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Mohamed Gismalla ◽

Ahmed Abdallah ◽

Mohammed Alnoor Mohammed ◽

Sami Mahjoub Taha

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Demographic Data ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Push Factors ◽

Postgraduate Study ◽

Middle East Countries ◽

Hands On ◽

Common Causes ◽

Site Training

Backgrounds: Commonly, doctors migrate for postgraduate study in African and Middle-east countries to western countries. In this study, we would like to know the percentage of graduates who intended to study abroad and determine the factors of their traveling.Material and methods: This is cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Medical students were asked about their future specialty preference, reasons, and site of training. Also, some demographic data were collected. The data was analyzed by SPSS. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Result and Discussion: 197 students responded to our survey and filled the questionnaire properly. Participants knew about future specialty from the teacher, the internet, senior college and advice from a family member with rate 83 (42.1%), 42 (22.8%), 41 (21.3%), and 27(13.7%) respectively. One hundred five (53.3%) of the responders preferred to get their specialty training outside Sudan while the remainder 92(46.7%) preferred local training.The commonest specialty selected among both group are medicine and surgery respectively. Obstetrics and gynecology are selected mainly among students who prefer local training 14 out of 15 totally, with statistically significant (p-value = 0.0001). Residency has significant related to the site of training with (P value 0.03). International recognition and advanced facilities are the commonest cause of traveling abroad among the students. While free hands on training and social reasons are the most common causes of home postgraduates training.Conclusion: More than fifty percent of the participant prefers abroad post-graduates training. The factors which influents site training can be defined as "Pull and Push" factors.

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Paediatric brought-in-dead at a tertiary health facility in South western Nigeria: Patterns and drivers

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics ◽

10.4314/njp.v48i2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

Oladele S. Olatunya ◽

Adefunke O. Babatola ◽

Adewuyi T. Adeniyi ◽

Adebukola B. Ajite ◽

Isaac O. Oluwayemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Facility ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Pediatric Health Care ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Common Causes ◽

Southwest Nigeria

Background: ‘Brought- in-dead’ (BID) refers to the demise of an individual before presentation to a health facility. This study assessed the pattern of paediatric BID cases seen at a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done at the Children Emergency Ward (CEW) of the hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. The patterns of BID cases and presumed causes of death were determined using a standardized checklist adapted from the WHO verbal autopsy instrument. Results: Ninety-eight BID cases were seen during the study, constituting 2.5% of total patients seen during the period. The median (IQR) age of cases was 24.0 (8.75 – 63.0) months and 72.4% were under-fives. Most had symptoms related to the haematologic (36.7%), respiratory (24.5%) or digestive (20.4%) systems. Severe anaemia 31(31.6%), gastroenteritis 19 (19.4) and aspiration 17 (17.3%) were the most common causes of death. The median (IQR) duration of illness before presentation was 3.0 (1.0 – 7.0) days but most presented from 4 – 7 days of illness. A significant relationship was found between the duration of illness and whether or not pre-hospital treatment was received (p < 0.0001). Unprescribed drugs purchased over the counter were the most commonly used treatment in 79.1% of cases (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study has highlighted the prevalence and pattern of paediatric BID in a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria and the factors that were associated with it. More efforts need to be geared towards community sensitization and pediatric health care to prevent factors drivingits menace.

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Pattern of referral of sick Omani pilgrims from Omani medical mission during hajj 2019 (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.36393 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Obaid Almashaykhi ◽

Dr. Randa Consultant M. Nooh ◽

Dr. Sami Said Almudarra ◽

Abdulaziz Saad ALMutari ◽

Naif Saud ALBudayri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Mission ◽

Common Causes ◽

Hajj Season ◽

Mean Time

BACKGROUND Annually, in the month of Dhul hijjah, over 2 million Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj. Hajj is the biggest mass gathering globally, which creates a significant influence on Hajjes' health. The Omani medical mission is the official delegation from the Omani government to Saudi Arabia to serve the Omani hajjees regarding their health issues. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the referral rate and pattern of diseases among hajjees referred by the Omani medical mission during Hajj 1440 H. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Omani Medical missions in Makkah, Madinah, Mina, and Arafat. Data was collected via a predesigned form. All Omani pilgrims presenting to the mission who were referred to local hospitals were included. RESULTS The total number of cases was 5000, of which 106 (2.1%) were referred to local hospitals (21.2 per 1000 hajjees). The most common causes of referral were cardiovascular diseases (23.6%), followed by gastrointestinal disease (17.9%) and trauma (16.9%). Males comprised 60.1%. Their mean age was 47.3 years (SD ±11.27), with the highest referrals in the 51-60 years age group (30%). Over half (55.7%) had co-morbidities. Patients' mean time to reach the clinic was 8.87 min (SD ±6.41), with 65% arriving in 5 min or less. The mean time needed to reach the hospital by ambulance was 11.39 min (SD ±6.6), with 36% arriving within 5 min. Of the referrals, 42% were admitted into hospital. Hospitalization was significantly higher among patients with chest pain (P-value < 0.0057), diabetics (P-value < 0.0001), and patients with Heart Disease (P-value = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The most common causes for referral of Hajjees from the Omani Medical Mission were cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disease, and trauma. This information should assist the Omani government in planning their medical services in hajj season in future years.

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Circulation of Toscana Virus in a Sample Population of Corsica, France

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020050039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Shirley Masse ◽

Nazli Ayhan ◽

Lisandru Capai ◽

Rémi Charrel ◽

Alessandra Falchi

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Sample Population ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Toscana Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants

Sandfly-borne phleboviruses pathogenic to humans, such as Toscana virus (TOSV) and sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), are endemic in the Mediterranean region. In France, several autochthonous cases of TOSV infection have been described which cause either meningitis or encephalitis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of TOSV and SFSV antibodies in a healthy population from Corsica. In this cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from the medical staff at University of Corsica Pasquale Paoli (UCPP) and from general practitioners of the Corsican Sentinelles Network. The seroprevalence study was based on virus microneutralization (MN). A total of 240 patients were tested for TOSV and SFSV. Altogether, 54 serum samples were confirmed for TOSV infection (seroprevalence = 22.5%). None of the samples were positive for SFSV (0/240). The main place of residence was significantly associated with TOSV seropositivity (p-value = 0.005). The overall rate of TOSV antibody seroprevalence observed in our study suggests a more intense circulation of TOSV in Corsica, with a rate significantly higher than the 8.7% reported in Corsica in 2007 from blood donors. The absence of seropositivity to SFSV seems to confirm the low circulation of this virus in Corsica and in continental France. The increasing circulation of TOSV reported here should encourage the implementation of surveillance systems to control phlebovirus infection.

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Factors Influencing Husbands’ Involvement in Ante Natal Care Services in a Nigerian Urban Region

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp2i1.2019103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

S M Ibrahim ◽

B M Aminu ◽

H A Usman ◽

U D Umaru ◽

A A Kullima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioural Change ◽

Good Condition ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Status ◽

School Level ◽

Urban Region ◽

P Value ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Joint Decision

Maternal mortality continues to be a problem in the developing world, and unfortunately few pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled attendants in this region. It is known that men play a significant role in the health-seeking behavior of their families. Their involvement in ANC services may lead to improved women’s clinic attendance and maternal health. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of husbands in Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria that accompanied their wives to ANC clinic, discussed issues related to pregnancy with them, and also the factors that influenced this role. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 307adult males, 18 years and above, who had fathered at least one child in the last two years preceding the study. Data were collected using pre-tested researcher-administered questionnaires designed from USAID Compendium of Indicators for Evaluating Reproductive Health Programs, and Health Belief Model of Health Behavioural Change Theory. The data was entered into the IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (New York, 2011). An analysis was performed to identify variables that suggest a significant association using Odds ratio and p-value <0.05 at 95 % confidence interval. Out of the 307 respondents recruited, 225 (73.3 %) were involved in ANC services. Educational status beyond primary school level, Christian faith, having means of transportation and couples making a joint decision on ANC were significant predictors for husband’s involvement in ANC services(P<0.05). Similarly, a good condition of ANC services and spending less than 30 minutes waiting for consultation (P=0.008) were significant health-related predictive factors.

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Factors influencing the attitudes of NICU physicians toward care of neonates with very poor prognosis

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine ◽

10.18502/jmehm.v12i6.1114 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Nayeri ◽

Fariba Asghari ◽

Ali Baser ◽

Leila Janani ◽

Mamak Shariat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Poor Prognosis ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Acceptable Quality ◽

Patient Prognosis ◽

Strongly Agree

Attitudes of physicians toward neonates with poor prognosis greatly influence their decisions regarding the course of treatment and care. The present study aimed to investigate factors contributing to attitudes of medical practitioners toward poor prognosis neonates. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study. Questionnaires for assessing subjects’ attitudes toward care of very poor prognosis neonates were administered to all neonatologists, pediatricians, neonatology assistants, and pediatric residents (a total of 88 individuals) working in the NICUs of Imam Khomeini Hospital. Participants’ attitudes were determined through analysis of responses to seven questions on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. Presence of anomalies incompatible with an acceptable quality of life, birth weight, gestational age, responses to neonatal diagnostic tests, certain types of diseases, parental marital status and practitioner predictions about patient prognosis were the factors contributing to practitioners’ attitude (P-value < 0.005). However, no significant relationship was found in connection with religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, opinions of consulting physicians, hospital treatment protocols, standards of the Association of Neonatal Physicians, and ethics committee expectations (P-value > 0.005). It can be concluded that the attitudes of practitioners toward intensive care of poor prognosis neonates is determined by the medical condition of the neonate rather than socio-demographic characteristics.

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HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DAN STATUS IMUNISASI TERHADAP KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TANJUNG BARU OGAN KOMERING ULU

Masker Medika ◽

10.52523/maskermedika.v8i1.369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Arda Suryadinata Suryadinata

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunization Status ◽

Common Causes ◽

The Relationship

Pendahuluan: Pada usia balita seseorang lebih sering terkena penyakit dibandingkan orang dewasa. Hal ini disebabkan sistem pertahanan tubuh pada balita terhadap penyakit infeksi masih dalam tahap perkembangan dan mudah untuk terkena penyakit dan salah satunya adalah Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) yang merupakan penyakit menular melalui udara yang sering terjadi pada anak dan menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian tersering pada anak di dunia. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ISPA pada balita ialah berat badan lahir rendah dan status imunisasi. Berdasarkan data wilayah kerjapuskesmas Tanjung Baru pada periode Januari-Desember 2018 menyebutkan bahwa sebanyak 150 balita yang menderita ISPA. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dan Status imunisasi lengkap dengan kejadian ISPA di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Baru Ogan Komering Ulu. Metode Penelitian: yaitu analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi adalah ibu di UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Baru Kabupaten OKU yang berjumlah 53 orang, analisa data dengan uji statistik Chi-Square, dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Didapatkan Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara berat badan lahir rendah dengan kejadian ISPA dengan p value 0,011 < 0,050. Serta ada hubungan yang bermakna antara Status Imunisasi dengan Kejadian ISPAdengan p value 0,016 < 0,05. At the age of a toddler a person is more often affected by the disease than an adult. This is due to the body's defense system in infants against infectious diseases that are still in the developmental stages and are easy to contract the disease and one of them is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) which is an infectious disease through the air that often occurs in children and is one of the most common causes of death in children. child in the world. One of the factors that can cause ARI in infants is low birth weight and immunization status. Based on data from the Tanjung Baru puskesmas in the January-December 2018 period, 150 150 toddlers suffer from ARI. This study aims to determine the relationship between low birth weight and complete immunization status with the incidence of ARI in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Baru, East Baturaja Subdistrict, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in 2019. The method used is analytic with cross sectional approach and the population is mothers with children under five. and have KMS in UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Baru OKU Regency, totaling 53 people. Which was analyzed by Chi-Square statistical test, with 95% confidence level. There was a significant relationship between low birth weight with the incidence of ARI with p value 0.011 <0.050. And there is a significant relationship between Immunization Status and the incidence of ARI with p value 0.016 <0.05.

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Association of Household Socioeconomic Status, Neighborhood Support System and Adherence to Dietary Recommendation among Persons with T2DM, a Facility-based Cross-sectional Study in Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116519/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Be-Ikuu Doglikuu ◽

Abubakari Abdulai ◽

Mehdi Yaseri ◽

Elham Shakibazadeh ◽

Abolghassem Djazayery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Support System ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recommendation ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Social Support System ◽

Household Socioeconomic Status

Abstract Background: Dietary recommendation help persons with diabetes adopt healthy eating habits to achieve optimal glycemic control. Socioeconomic-status and neighborhood support system could influence adherence to dietary recommendation. The purpose of our study is to assess the association of household-socioeconomic status and neighborhood-support system with adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional-survey was conducted among 530 individuals with T2DM in Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Six hospitals were randomly selected and persons with T2DM consecutively recruited from the selected hospitals into the study. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic variables. Adherence to dietary recommendation was the outcome -variable, and was assessed using perceived dietary adherence questionnaire. Results: Age (years) (P-value=0.01), place of residence (P-value =0.01), educational level (P-value =0.01) and occupation (P-value =0.01) were significantly correlated with socioeconomic status (P-value 0.01). Age (years) regression coefficient (β) -0.089, 95%CI (-0.12, -0.001), Being married β0.103, 95%CI (0.002, 0.02), moderate and low-social support system β 0.309, 95%CI(0.17, 0.38) and β-0.192, 95%CI(-0.26, -0.06) respectively, and high-socioeconomic status β 0.197, 95%CI(0.06, 0.25) were significantly associated with adherence to dietary recommendation.Conclusion: We found that social-support system and socioeconomic-status could be associated with adherence to dietary recommendation. Therefore, health workers should consider that patients’ social support system and socioeconomic status could be modifiable factors for optimum adherence.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Adults in Rural Uttarakhand: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 481-490

Author(s):

Vinita Thapliyal ◽

Karuna Singh ◽

Anil Joshi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Sample Population ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

India is in a state of transition epidemiological, economic, and demographic and nutrition transition. And all these transitions are leading to non communicable diseases like obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. The study was aimed to estimate the Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults of rural Uttrakhand. It is a cross sectional community based study. Survey was conducted in rural areas of Uttrakhand, to make a sample size of 300 adults (18-45yr), using WHO STEPS questionnaire. Waist Circumference, Blood pressure, Body Mass Index of the participants was calculated. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In the sample population based on systolic BP, 61.3% were non-hypertensive, 29.7% were pre-hypertensive and 9% were hypertensive. Based on diastolic BP, 43.3% were non-hypertensive, 32.7% were pre-hypertensive and 24% were hypertensive. Subjects with hypertension and pre-hypertension have higher BMI and waist circumference. A high prevalence rate of pre-hypertension and hypertension was depicted in rural areas of Uttrakhand region.4.8% of the female participants had systolic high blood pressure compared to the 11.9% of the male participants. On the other hand, 21.8% of the female participants had diastolic high blood pressure compared to the over 25% of the male participants.

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Assessment of episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.7.2996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Shireen Qassim Bham ◽

Farhan Saeed ◽

Muhammad Athar Khan ◽

Rashid Naseem Khan

Keyword(s):

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Watery Diarrhea ◽

P Value ◽

Sample Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

Rotavirus Vaccination ◽

Selection Of

Objective: To assess the episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Darul Sehat Hospital and SESSI, Karachi in the Department of Pediatrics from 1st November 2018 to 3rd February 2019. An interview based questionnaire was administered and selection of participants was done by convenience sampling. Total of 196 participants were selected for interview. Results: Total 196 participants were interviewed which included mothers of children between the age group of 1- 60 months. The questions were entered on the questionnaire after taking consent from the mothers. Among them, males were 98 (52.7%) and females were 88(47.3%). One hundred seventy two (88.7%) children were vaccinated for pneumococcal and rotavirus whereas unvaccinated children were 22(11.3%). There was an incidence of 66(63.5%) for loose watery diarrhea. In vaccinated children, grading of diarrhea was found to be severe cases as 30 (34.9%), moderate cases as 27 (31.4%) and mild cases as 29(33.7%). For unvaccinated children, severe cases were 12 (66.7%) and for mild and moderate cases were (11.1%) and 04(22.2%) respectively with p value of 0.035. As compared to their unvaccinated counterparts, the frequency of severe pneumonia was far less than cough and cold in vaccinated children (p<0.001) Conclusion: There is significant reduction in cases of severe pneumonia in children receiving pneumococcal vaccine as compared to children receiving Rota vaccine there is moderate reduction in cases of severe diarrhea. The overall coverage of Pneumococcal and Rota vaccines was higher in our sample population. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of Rotavirus vaccination in order to have better coverage in future. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2996 How to cite this:Bham SQ, Saeed F, Khan MA, Khan RN. Assessment of episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2996 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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