scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Risk Factors for Hypoesthesia after Repair of Facial Fractures

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Zainbganayah Hasan Sulimani ◽  
Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽  
Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽  
Raidaa Ali Gharawi ◽  
Shahd Abdulaziz Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Bone ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Clinical Complications

Background: Hypoesthesia occurs as a result of injuries resulting in injury to the nerve fibres. The causes of injury include direct harm from the needle injections, around the nerve fibres, mechanical injuries resulting in an indirect pressure into the mandibular canal, during the dental surgical procures, as well as the toxicity of the local anaesthetic agents. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted by recruiting N=79 adult individuals (>18 years), who had visited the district hospital for acquiring clinical assistance and treatment of facial muscles or nerve-related complications in August 2020. Data collection for this research was carried out by using a specially designed questionnaire, which facilitated in acquiring data related to aetiology of trauma, identification of the hypoesthesia area, as well as the clinical complications experienced by the respondents. The clinical reports of the patients were also collected for analysing the hypoesthesia area. SPSS was utilised for data analysis, and statistical tests were conducted for assessing the risk factors for hypoesthesia after repair of facial fractures. Results: The statistical tests revealed that only a small percentage of the sample population, i.e., (N=9) or 11.8% experienced the facial bone fracture, male respondents had more exposure to the facial bone fractures, as compared to the females (Mean=1.81, SD= 0.397), and the individuals below 25 years of age had high exposure of facial bone fracture (Mean=1.78, SD= 0.428). A significant majority of hypoesthesia cases were at mandible, and orbit region. Conclusion: The dental treatment resulting in nerve manipulation results in nerve elongation, nerve compression, contributing to transient hypoesthesia. Hypoesthesia might also lead to other clinical complications.

scholarly journals A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE RISK FACTORS FOR HYPOESTHESIA AFTER REPAIR OF FACIAL FRACTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176
Author(s):  
Dr. Zainbganayah Hasan Sulimani ◽  
◽  
Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽  
Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽  
Raidaa Ali Gharawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Clinical Complications

Background: Hypoesthesia occurs as a result of injuries resulting in injury to the nerve fibres.The causes of injury include direct harm from the needle injections, around the nerve fibres, mechanical injuries resulting in an indirect pressure into the mandibular canal, during the dental surgical procures, as well as the toxicity of the local anaesthetic agents. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted by recruiting N=79 adult individuals (>18 years), who had visited the district hospital for acquiring clinical assistance and treatment of facial muscles or nerve-related complications in August 2020. Data collection for this research was carried out by using a specially designed questionnaire, which facilitated in acquiring data related to aetiology of trauma, identification of the hypoesthesia area, as well as the clinical complications experienced by the respondents. The clinical reports of the patients were also collected for analysing the hypoesthesia area. SPSS was utilised for data analysis, and statistical tests were conducted for assessing the risk factors for hypoesthesia after repair of facial fractures. Results: The statistical tests revealed that only a small percentage of the sample population, i.e., (N=9) or 11.8% experienced the facial bone fracture, male respondents had more exposure to the facial bone fractures, as compared to the females (Mean=1.81, SD= 0.397), and the individuals below 25 years of age had high exposure of facial bone fracture(Mean=1.78,SD= 0.428). A significant majority of hypoesthesia cases were at mandible, and orbit region. Conclusion: The dental treatment resulting in nerve manipulation results in nerve elongation, nerve compression, contributing to transient hypoesthesia. Hypoesthesia might also lead to other clinical complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bone fracture and its association with severe hypoglycemia in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002099
Author(s):  
Yuji Komorita ◽  
Masae Minami ◽  
Yasutaka Maeda ◽  
Rie Yoshioka ◽  
Toshiaki Ohkuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with higher fracture risk. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between severe hypoglycemia and fracture risk in patients with T1D, and the results are controversial. Besides, none has investigated the risk factors for fracture in Asian patients with T1D. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of bone fracture and its relationship between severe hypoglycemia and other risk factors in Japanese patients with T1D.Research design and methodsThe single-center cross-sectional study enrolled 388 Japanese patients with T1D (mean age, 45.2 years; women, 60.4%; mean duration of diabetes, 16.6 years) between October 2019 and April 2020. The occurrence and circumstances of any fracture after the diagnosis of T1D were identified using a self-administered questionnaire. The main outcomes were any anatomic site of fracture and fall-related fracture. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an episode of hypoglycemia that required the assistance of others to achieve recovery.ResultsA total of 92 fractures occurred in 64 patients, and 59 fractures (64%) were fall-related. Only one participant experienced fracture within the 10 years following their diagnosis of diabetes. In logistic regression analysis, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of a history of severe hypoglycemia were 2.11 (1.11 to 4.09) for any fracture and 1.91 (0.93 to 4.02) for fall-related fracture. Fourteen of 18 participants with multiple episodes of any type of fracture had a history of severe hypoglycemia (p<0.001 vs no fracture).ConclusionsWe have shown that a history of severe hypoglycemia is significantly associated with a higher risk of bone fracture in Japanese patients with T1D.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study on prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among school boys of Burdwan municipal area

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4213
Author(s):  
Kaushik Nag ◽  
Manas Patra ◽  
Avijit Paul ◽  
Indranil Saha ◽  
Krishnadas Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
History Of

Background: High blood pressure in childhood and adolescence is an important part of the natural history of hypertension. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the adolescent boys of class nine (IX) to twelve (XII).Methods: A school based cross sectional study was undertaken among 894 adolescent boys aged 13 to 18 years from May 2013 to October 2014 of Burdwan municipal area. Schools were selected by Simple random sampling and systematic random sampling was used to include sample students from each school. Statistical tests like chi-square test were applied for categorical variables and p<0.05 taken as statistical significance.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 5.7%. The study revealed highest prevalence of hypertension in the age group of 13-14 and 17-18 years (6.5%), Muslim religion (17%), General caste (8.4%), and upper socio-economic status (9.3%) among which religion and caste showed significant association with hypertension (P<0.05). Students taking non-vegeterian items ≥5 days a week, chewing tobacco users, obese and having family history were more hypertensive which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The association of hypertension with food habit, tobacco chewing, obesity & family history of hypertension was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3337
Author(s):  
Arshad Yahya ◽  
Robina Shamim ◽  
Kuljeet S. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: A relation between possible cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied in the past and an association has been documented, in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. Our purpose is to analyze the relation between these risk factors and dementia and add some information to the existing concept and will try to conceptualize the pathogenesis of dementia.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients were recruited from amongst those presenting to our department by convenient consecutive sampling method after taking consent. Five hundred patients of different types of dementia were enrolled. Hypertension was diagnosed using JNC7 criteria. World health organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. The open Epi software version 3 was used to find the absolute values after preparing 2×2 table. Continuous quantitative data were analyzed using chi square test. Odds ratio and Risk ratio were also calculated. For all statistical tests, a p Value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate significance.Results: Study provides the strong positive association of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with vascular dementia (VaD) but the relationship of these risk factors were not positively correlated with other dementia. Conclusions: Positive association of these risk factors with vascular dementia were found but not with the other types of dementia.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinaemia among Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
pp. 1326-1331
Author(s):  
Deepa Gopalakrishna ◽  
Rupa Gopinathan ◽  
Saboora Beegum ◽  
Thomas Iype
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Homocysteine

BACKGROUND Over the last three decades, prevalence of stroke has been high in India, while the Western countries have witnessed a downward slide. Epidemiological studies suggest that hyperhomocysteinaemia might be a potentially modifiable nonlipid risk factor associated with stroke, in addition to the long-recognized factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and smoking. Hyperhomocysteinaemia occurs due to deviation in the metabolic pathway of methionine, attributed by deficiency of vitamins, enzymes and other factors. The present study was undertaken to assess the proportion of hyperhomocysteinaemia in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We also compared the risk factors associated with stroke and serum levels of homocysteine. METHODS This is a cross sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The sample size was 140. Both male and female consecutive patients of age more than 18 years, with first attack of acute ischaemic stroke admitted in the Department of Neurology were selected. Baseline fasting serum samples were obtained for testing serum homocysteine levels. Statistical tests used were proportion, chi square and logistic regression. RESULTS Among 140 acute ischaemic stroke patients, total homocysteine level was raised in 83.6 % cases. The prevalence of moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia in our study was 65.4 % and intermediate hyperhomocysteinaemia was 17.9 % among stroke patients. The mean (± SD) homocysteine level was 22.75 (± 8.19). CONCLUSIONS A strong association was found between hyperhomocysteinaemia and acute ischaemic stroke. We could not find any significant correlation between total homocysteine level and most risk factors of stroke. KEYWORDS Stroke, Homocysteine, Risk Factors, Endothelial Dysfunction, Atherosclerosis, B Vitamins

scholarly journals Analysis of Smoking Behavior Risk Factors in Adolescent through Health Belief Model Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Vina Yulia Anhar ◽  
Syamsul Arifin ◽  
Fauzie Rahman ◽  
Agus Muhammad Ridwan ◽  
Bohari Bohari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cigarette Advertising

BACKGROUND: Teenagers who smoke are very susceptible to product degradation which is seen in the low quality of human resources. Identification of risk factors needed as a first step before health interventions to prevent and reduce smoking rates in adolescents. AIM: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for smoking behavior in adolescents through the health believe model approach. METHODS: The design of this study is observational using a cross-sectional approach with the sample size, namely, 156 respondents. The instrument planned to be used in this study is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. This study has received permission from relevant parties, including having received approval from the ULM FK Ethics Commission. The variables to be studied are, dependent: Smoking and independent behavior: Gender, knowledge, attitude, parental influence, peer influence, and cigarette advertising. The data analysis used Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Frequency distribution, 139 (89.1%) respondents do not smoke, 81 (51.9%) respondents were female, 147 (5.8%) respondents are well-informed, and 141 (90.4%) respondents have a positive attitude, the number of respondents who are not affected by the smoking behavior of the elderly is 142 people (91%). Number of respondents who are not affected by peer smoking behaviors is 150 people (96.2%) and 144 people (92.3%) of the respondents were exposed to cigarette advertisements in the high category. Statistical tests show that the variables that have a significant relationship with smoking behavior are gender (p = 0.000), attitude (p = 0.000), parental influence (p = 0.000), and cigarette advertising (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: There are four variables which have a relationship with smoking behavior, namely, there is a relationship between gender, attitude, the influence of parents, and cigarette advertising with smoking behavior.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis IgA, IgM and IgG Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors among Sexually Active Individuals at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital in Dschang, West Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Thomas Djifack Tadongfack ◽  
Irina Lydia Sudeu Nitcheu ◽  
Rodrigue Ngoune ◽  
Vanessa Rosine Nkouayep ◽  
Aline Camerl Nzeffouo Selabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Infections caused by this pathogen are usually symptomatic in men and asymptomatic in about 2/3 of women resulting in a variety of clinical complications. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of immunological markers and the risk factors associated with the seropositivity to C. trachomatis infection in sexually active individuals visiting the Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital in Dschang, West region Cameroon Study Design: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted between July and September 2020 at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital in Dschang, Cameroon. Methods: A total of 154 participants were recruited during the data collection period. An indirect ELISA method was used to analyse participant’s serum samples. Risk factors were assessed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression using SPSS 25. Results: The seroprevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 38.3% (95%CI: 30.6 - 46.0). Only 39.6% (95%CI: 31.6 - 47.3) of the study population had never been in contact with the bacterium. The reinfection rate among participants was 8.4% (95%CI: 4.0 - 12.8). Results revealed that being Male is a protective factor against the infection [aOR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03 - 0.56; P ꞊ .007]. The non-use of condom [aOR: 21.58; 95% CI: 3.53 – 132.06; P ꞊ .001] and having encountered three or more sexual partners [aOR: 9.90; 95%CI: 1.07 – 91.60; P ꞊ .043] were the significant predictors of Chlamydia seropositivity. Conclusion: The implementation of proactive strategies to curb down the spread of the infection is necessary in this locality. This can be done by providing NAATs to as many health facilities as possible, educating the population and standardizing treatment protocols.

scholarly journals Frequency and Factors Associated with Hyperglycaemia First Detected during Pregnancy at Itojo General Hospital, South Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Frank Kiiza ◽  
Daniel Kayibanda ◽  
Pidson Tumushabe ◽  
Leticia Kyohairwe ◽  
Raymond Atwine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicates up to 30% of pregnancies in Africa, and this poses a major risk to both the mother and fetus. Although recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), universal screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is not routinely done in many of the hospital in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to determine the frequency and factors associated with hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy at a general public hospital in South Western Uganda. Methods. We conducted this study at Itojo General Hospital (IGH) in Ntungamo District, South Western Uganda. The study followed a cross-sectional design that employed a systematic random sampling technique to identify potential study participants during the months of October to December 2019. Using a pretested questionnaire, data on sociodemographic and medical characteristics were collected on a sample of 307 pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hyperglycemia using random blood sugar and fasting blood sugar test results. Data generated were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P<0.05. Results. The frequency of hyperglycaemia was found to be 15.6% among the study population. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ages of 19-30 years, peasantry, and multiparity with more than 5 live children and second trimester pregnancy were independent risk factors for the observed hyperglycaemia frequency. Conclusion. Our study reports new epidemiological information about the frequency and risk factors of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy from a selected Ugandan population. Our findings suggest an introduction of hyperglycaemia screening in the routine antenatal care package for proper maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

The fall risk assessment and correlated factors among Iranians’ older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Leili Salehi ◽  
Elham Akhondzadeh ◽  
Sara Esmaelzadeh Saeieh ◽  
Mansoureh Yazd Khasti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Falling Risk ◽  
Correlated Factors

Purpose Falling was distinguished as leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries among elderly; there is a lack of information regarding the falling risk factors in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the falling risk and correlated factors in community-dwelling elderly. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was performed on 280 elderly using a multi-sectional questionnaire in Karaj, Iran. The simple stratified random sampling was used. Adult who were over the age of 60, living independently, able to ambulate independently and safely, no cognition problem and speaking in Persian entered in the study. Exclusion criteria were residing in assisted living facility or unwilling to participate. Several statistical tests including logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings The mean age of participants was 69.55±8.82 and 51 per cent of them were female. The results showed that there are significant differences between low-, medium- and high-risk groups regarding age, marital status, diabetes, blood pressure and osteoarthritis (p<0.05). Due to finding, the main predictors to higher chance of falling were age (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.025–1.097), marital status (OR=1.485; 95% CI 1.170–1.279), vision acuity (OR=1.603; 95% CI 1.297–2.223), activities of daily living (OR=2.10; 95% CI 1.047–3.859), heart disease (OR=1.448; 95% CI 1.268–1.728), osteoarthritis (OR=1.238; 95% CI 1.711–2.127), falling history (OR=1.026; 95% CI 1.015–1.089) and medication (OR=5.975; 95% CI 1.525–23.412). Practical implications Better understanding of falling risk factors can lead to the implementation of effective preventive intervention, thus reducing public health expenditure, and improving the quality of life. Originality/value This study was conducted for the first time to assess the risk of falling in older people in Iran.

scholarly journals Assessment of Depression and its Risk Factors among Patients with Long Bone Fracture in Karimnagar District of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Harish Chandra Reddy ◽  
Puli Santosh Reddy ◽  
P. Kishan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopedic Department ◽  
Long Bone Fracture ◽  
Type Of Fracture

Background: Depression is likely to affect the outcome of the patients with long bone fractures. It also affects the duration of stay post operatively and seeks more medical attention than in normal patients. Objective: To assess depression and its risk factors among patients with long bone fracture in Karimnagar district of Telangana Methods: Nature of the study was descriptive and design of the study is prospective and cross sectional in orthopedic Department of the teaching hospital. Population for the study was patient including inpatients and out patients of orthopedic department in follow up. Sample size 50 was selected for the further statistical analysis in the present study. Data was collected from patients and informants from orthopedic Department. Results: 60% patients had fractures in the lower limb. 53% patients had fractures of the right limb. 90% patients were with closed fractures. 89% patients underwent surgical management. Age, Type of Family, Type of Fracture and Type of Treatment were found to be significantly associated factors with Depression. (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Depression was common among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery for fracture of long bones. Depression was significantly associated with age, type of family, type of fracture and type of treatment.

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