Frequency and Factors Associated with Hyperglycaemia First Detected during Pregnancy at Itojo General Hospital, South Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicates up to 30% of pregnancies in Africa, and this poses a major risk to both the mother and fetus. Although recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), universal screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is not routinely done in many of the hospital in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to determine the frequency and factors associated with hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy at a general public hospital in South Western Uganda. Methods. We conducted this study at Itojo General Hospital (IGH) in Ntungamo District, South Western Uganda. The study followed a cross-sectional design that employed a systematic random sampling technique to identify potential study participants during the months of October to December 2019. Using a pretested questionnaire, data on sociodemographic and medical characteristics were collected on a sample of 307 pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hyperglycemia using random blood sugar and fasting blood sugar test results. Data generated were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P<0.05. Results. The frequency of hyperglycaemia was found to be 15.6% among the study population. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ages of 19-30 years, peasantry, and multiparity with more than 5 live children and second trimester pregnancy were independent risk factors for the observed hyperglycaemia frequency. Conclusion. Our study reports new epidemiological information about the frequency and risk factors of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy from a selected Ugandan population. Our findings suggest an introduction of hyperglycaemia screening in the routine antenatal care package for proper maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Non-Communicable Diseases in Khartoum State

10.1101/711028 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Samah Mohamed Aabdin Sayed ◽

Ayman Mohamed Aabdin ◽

Mohammed Altyb Alshykh Abo-Shanab ◽

Mounkaila Noma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Health Priorities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Administrative Units

ABSTRACTIntroductionNon-communicable diseases are multifactorial including genetic, physiological, environmental behavioral factors. Our research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Non-communicable diseases in two administrative units of Khartoum State.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two administrative units of Khartoum State on a sample of 132 participants selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Firstly, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select Alshohada/Soba out of the six administrative units of Khartoum locality (mode of living was urban). In Jabaal Awliya locality of four administrative units, Al Jabal (with urban and rural mode of living) was selected. At second level, 50 households were selected in each of the two administrative units through the geographical information system to obtain a representative spatial distribution of households in each of the administrative areas. At third level, in each of the household selected participants experiencing at least one NCD were included in the study after obtaining his/her verbal well informed consent. The data collected were computerized through Epi Info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. The data were firstly summarized numerically and graphically. Association among variables were determined through chi-square tests and ANOVA. A multi-logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk factors associated to NCDs. All statistical tests were considered significant when p < 0.05.ResultsOur findings revealed that NCDs prevailed with an overall prevalence of 24/100,000 population. Of the fifteen risk factors associated to NCDs in the two administrative units, seven were statistically associated (p < 0.05) to NCDs.DiscussionIn our research the risk factors statistically associated with NCDs were age and gender of the participants, their profession, educational level, physical activities, follow-up visits and having meals outside home. In conclusion NCDs were public health priorities with particular attention to diabetes and hypertension to avoid premature deaths.

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Analysis of Healthy Latrine Ownership Factors in the Coastal Area of Lapulu Village, Kendari City

MIRACLE Journal Of Public Health ◽

10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss1/234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Sitti Marya Ulva ◽

Sinar Jannah

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Community Ownership ◽

Land Availability ◽

Tidal Area ◽

Chi Square Test

The percentage of families in Lapulu Village that had healthy latrines was 64,84% who met the health requirements and 35,16% who did not meet the health requirements in 2019. This shows that the ownership of healthy latrines is still lower than the national achievement. This study aims to determine the factors associated with low ownership of healthy latrines in the coastal areas of Lapulu Village, Kendari City. The research design was observational, with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 437 respondents, while the study sample was 209 respondents. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling technique. The analysis were performed using the Chi-Square test. The results of statistical tests with chi-square obtained the value of land availability (p-value=0,000), knowledge (p-value=0,031), and income (p-value=0,000). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between land availability, knowledge, and income levels associated with low ownership of healthy latrines in the tidal area of Lapulu Village, Kendari City. Therefore, it is hoped that the community and local government will establish this inter sector collaboration with related agencies to increase community ownership of healthy latrines.

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RISK FACTORS OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA IN PATIENTS AT DR. SOETOMO DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA IN 2018

The Indonesian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.20473/ijph.v15i3.2020.295-303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Luluk Lady Laily ◽

Santi Martini ◽

Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽

Sri Widati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

General Hospital ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

District General Hospital ◽

Smoking History ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

Lung Cancer Patients

Lung adenocarcinoma is one type of lung cancers that increases in number every year globally. Smoking is one of the risk factors for lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the risk factors of lung adenocarcinoma in patients. The risk factors observed in this study included age, gender, smoking history, number of cigarettes, types of cigarettes, and smoking duration. This study was descriptive and performed a cross sectional design. The study’s population was all lung cancer patients who were treated at Dr. Soetomo District General Hospital Surabaya. The samples were drawn using the accidental sampling technique from the population that met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for this respondents were patients who were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and were willing to be interviewed. While the exclusion criteria involved patients with incomplete medical record data and patients who were not willing to be interviewed. The results indicate that the majority of lung adenocarcinoma patients at Dr. Soetomo District General Hospital Surabaya were male who were light smokers, diagnosed at more than 50 years old. Most of them used filter cigarettes and had smoked for more than 30 years. Keywords: Lung adenocarcinoma, risk factors, cross-sectional.

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Assessment of Drug Prescription Pattern in Mekelle General Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Using World Health Organization Prescribing Indicators

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/3809157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zewdu Yilma ◽

Mesfin Liben

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

World Health ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prescribing Indicators ◽

Prescription Pattern ◽

Generic Prescribing ◽

Health Organization

Introduction. Irrational prescribing is a major cause for irrational drug use. Bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress and harm to the patient, and higher costs. Incidence of irrational prescribing practice cannot be reduced without a critical intervention by assessing the causes. Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess drug prescription pattern, using WHO prescribing indicators, in OPD at Mekelle General Hospital (MGH) Methodology. The study was conducted at Mekelle General Hospital (MGH), Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia, from December 2016 to April 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective hospital-based study design was used to assess prescriptions at OPD in MGH from 01 January to 31 December 2016. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select prescriptions at the time of data collection. Result. 384 prescriptions were analyzed. 751 medications were prescribed from which 679 (90.4%) were with their generic name, 225 (58.6%) prescriptions contained antibiotics, 162 (42.2%) prescriptions were encountered with injection, and 648 (86.3%) encountered from the hospital list of medicine. Conclusion. In general, average number of drugs per encounter, generic prescribing, and the use of EDL/formulary of the hospital to prescribe drugs reviewed in this study were totally out of the recommended values and hence inappropriate. The study also revealed overprescribing of both antibiotics and injections.

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Hypertension and Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3337

Author(s):

Arshad Yahya ◽

Robina Shamim ◽

Kuljeet S. Anand

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: A relation between possible cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and dementia has been studied in the past and an association has been documented, in spite of some studies pointing to the contrary. Our purpose is to analyze the relation between these risk factors and dementia and add some information to the existing concept and will try to conceptualize the pathogenesis of dementia.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients were recruited from amongst those presenting to our department by convenient consecutive sampling method after taking consent. Five hundred patients of different types of dementia were enrolled. Hypertension was diagnosed using JNC7 criteria. World health organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. The open Epi software version 3 was used to find the absolute values after preparing 2×2 table. Continuous quantitative data were analyzed using chi square test. Odds ratio and Risk ratio were also calculated. For all statistical tests, a p Value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate significance.Results: Study provides the strong positive association of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with vascular dementia (VaD) but the relationship of these risk factors were not positively correlated with other dementia. Conclusions: Positive association of these risk factors with vascular dementia were found but not with the other types of dementia.

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Influencing Factors Nurse Behavior in Providing Service in Installation Distric General Hospital Praya Central Lombok

JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.30994/jqph.v3i1.47 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teguh Achmalona ◽

Sentot Imam Suprapto ◽

Indasah Indasah

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

A Value ◽

Nursing Services ◽

Competence Motivation ◽

Leadership Competence ◽

And Behavior

Nursing services are an integral part of health services in hospitals, which have a very strategic position in efforts to improve the quality of care in hospitals, thus demanding the professionalism of nurses in providing and regulating nursing care activities to patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership, competency, motivation, workload and reward factors on the behavior of nurses in providing services in installation distric general hospital Praya.The research design used was quantitative analytic with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses cluster random sampling with a sample of 114 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and observation sheets, then analyzed using ordinal regression test. The results showed, from the results of a statistical test simultaneously obtained p value of 0.000 <α = 0.05, meaning that all independent variables together affect the dependent variable. The results of statistical tests partially obtained the results there is an influence between leadership, competence, motivation, workload and reward with nurse behavior, with p values for each variable, namely leadership (p <0.012), competence (p <0.008), motivation (p <0.006), workload (p <0.012), and reward (p <0.000). Multivariate analysis shows that reward is the most dominant variable affecting the behavior of nurses in providing nursing services with a value (p <0,000). Nurse behavior is influenced by factors of leadership, competence, motivation, workload and rewards, so that these aspects need to be managed well in the hope of getting better results of nurse performance and behavior

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Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan nyeri ekstremitas inferior pada guru sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Tuminting

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.10822 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elvin A. Herlambang ◽

Vanda D. Doda ◽

Helina I. S. Wungouw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Significant Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Common Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Inferior Extremity ◽

Health Organization

Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is a major cause of work-related illness and become a cost burden for individuals, industry and society in many countries and as has been acknowledged by the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the common disease of MSDs is inferior ekstremity pain. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the onset of MSDs, especially in the inferior ekstremity. This study was a cross sectional study with surveys of 282 respondents who are of primary school teachers in Tuminting. This study found that respondents experiencing inferior extremity pain as much as 94% while never experiencing inferior extremity pain as much as 6%. Significant risk factors associated with inferior extremity pain are gender and psychosocial factors that respondents felt over the last few years his work increasingly demanding (p <0.05). This result support the teoritical framework that individual factor and psikosocial factor associate with workrelated MSDs.Keywords: Inferior ekstremity pain, Risk factors, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)Abstrak: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya sakit yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan, dan menjadi beban biaya bagi individu, industri dan masyarakat di banyak negara dan telah diakui oleh United Nation dan World Health Organization (WHO). Salah satu keluhan dari MSDs adalah nyeri pada ektremitas inferior. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui faktor risiko apa saja yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya MSDs khususnya yang terjadi pada ekstremitas inferior. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan survei lapangan terhadap 282 responden yang merupakan guru sekolah dasar di kecamatan Tuminting. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan responden yang mengalami nyeri ekstremitas inferior sebanyak 94% sedangkan yang tidak pernah mengalami nyeri ekstremitas inferior sebanyak 6%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan signifikan dengan nyeri ekstremitas inferior adalah jenis kelamin dan faktor psikososial dimana responden merasakan selama beberapa tahun terakhir pekerjaannya semakin lama semakin banyak (p< 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini yaitu faktor individu dengan faktor psikososial berhubungan dengan MSDs yang disebabkan oleh kerja.Kata kunci: Nyeri ekstremitas inferior, Faktor risiko, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

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Factors associated with knowledge on risk factors of sexual abuse among house girls and house boys in Singida Municipality, Central zone Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-410346/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

FILMON EMILY ◽

Dedius E. Peter ◽

Walter C. Milanzi ◽

Angelina A. Joho ◽

Fabiola Moshi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Central Zone ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Sexual abuse is a situation whereby any people or individual entered in any sexual malpractice or sexual contact without his/her will. Sexual abuse among house girls and house boys is among of general medical issue in our nation particularly in the urban areas and towns. The aim of the study was to examine predicators associated with knowledge on risk factors of sexual abuse among house girls and house boys in Singida Municipality.Methods: The cross section study involved a total of 252 participants from the selected house hold in Singida Municipality. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain sample and data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine the association between knowledge on risk factors and sexual abuse among house girls and house boys.Results: The large numbers of respondents with mean age of 22years old were single. Only 53.1% of house girls were knowledgeable on risk factors associated with sexual abuse compared to house boys. After control of the confounders the predictors of knowledge about risk factors on sexual abuse were educational level (AOR = 0.332, p = 0.002, 95%CI:0.167; 0.659), how did you find a job(AOR=2.412, p=0.001, 95%CI:1.433; 2.523), and type of family he/she living(AOR=4.672, p=0.002, 95%CI:0.0709; 0.719, nuclear family (AOR=4.023, p=0.023, 95%CI:0.101;0902). Conclusion: The findings depicted that the study participants have inadequate knowledge on risk factors associated with sexual abuse and it discovered that the influencing factors were education level, means of getting a job and type of family.

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PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG REFUGEES IN THE RESETTLEMENT CAMPS OF ADJUMANI, MOYO AND YUMBE DISTRICTS WEST NILE REGION

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v1i12.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Laurent Nshizirungu ◽

Denish Olet ◽

Doreen Amulen ◽

Michael Oming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

West Nile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

P Values ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a name given to tuberculosis agents when the bacteria are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, two of the most effective TB drugs. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of MDR-TB among the refugees in the resettlement camps of Adjumani, Yumbe, and Moyo districts, West Nile region. Method: This was a cross-sectional study where questionnaires were used to capture risk factors associated with MDR-TB and sputum samples (n=223) collected were examined using the gene expert machine. P values and corresponding 95% CI were calculated. All statistical tests were two-tailed and P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: From the study,143(64.1%) were males while 80 (35.9%) were females, with the age range of 3- 64 years and mean age of 32 years, out of 223 sputum samples analyzed on GeneXpert machine; 178 (79.8%) tested negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) while 45 (20.2%) tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the 45 samples that tested positive for MTB; 39 (17.5%) were rifampicin sensitive and 6 (2.7%) were rifampicin-resistant. Of the 39 case MTB cases detected in the refugee resettlement camps of Bidibidi, Itula, and Mungula, 17 (43.6%), 14 (35.9%), and 8 (20.5%) were from each mentioned camp respectively; whereas of the 6 MDR-TB cases detected; Mungula camp had the majority cases 3 (50%), Bidibidi camp had 2 (33.3%) cases and Itula had 1 (16.7%) cases. The Risk factors associated with MDR-TB among refugees was overcrowding 5 (83.3%) and not enrolled on DOTs, 5 (66.7%). There was no significant association between MDR-TB and age (P=0.43; 95%CI=0.163-0.233) Conclusions and recommendations: The general prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is 20.2% and MDR-TB is 2.7%.

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Anak perempuan dan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko kejadian kadar gula darah tinggi pada anak sekolah dasar

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.6.2.90-93 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 90-93

Author(s):

Kartika Pibriyanti ◽

Khairina Nur Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Significance Level ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Class Iv

Background : Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is 1.5%. Diabetes Mellitus is not only suffered by adults, but the age of adolescents and children as well. Risk factors in children include gender, obesity, mealtimes, race, age and genetics.Objective : The objective of the study was to analyze the risk factors of high blood glucose incidence in school children.Methods : This research was analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population was all students of SD Negeri 1 Sokoboyo class IV to VI amounted to 82 students. The sample size was 82 students taken by purposive sampling technique. The independent variables include obesity and sex, as well as the dependent variable that is the blood sugar level. Test analysis used is chi-square test with significance level 5% (α = 0,05).Results : Most of the female sample (54.9%), 30.5% were obese and 43.9% had abnormal blood sugar levels. Girls have a 2,95 times greater risk of having high blood sugar levels than boys. Obese children have 10,25 times greater high blood glucose levels than normal children.Conclusion : Sex and obesity are associated with blood sugar levels in students class IV s / d VI SD Negeri 1 Sokoboyo Slogohimo District Wonogiri District.

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