Phytochemical Profile of Saribus rotundifolius (Anahaw) Crude Extract Found in the University of Eastern Philippines

Phytochemical profiling focuses on the determination of the secondary metabolite present on a sample. Aims: In this research, a phytochemical profiling was done in Saribus rotundifolius (Anahaw) leaves and fruit crude extracts. Methodology: This study determines the secondary metabolites; alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, saponin, and terpenoid. The samples were cut into pieces and was submerged in an ethanol solution for the extract of crude extract and undergo a rotary evaporator for the separation of the ethanol solvent. Results: The finding showed that the anahaw leaves and fruit crude extract contains secondary metabolites present in both leaves and fruit crude extracts, that can be used in pharmaceutical and drug development, this includes an anti-microbial potential.

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Phytochemical profile and diuretic activity of the bearberry leaves dry extracts

Current issues in pharmacy and medicine science and practice ◽

10.14739/2409-2932.2021.1.226761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

N. B. Chaika ◽

O. M. Koshovyi ◽

M. A. Komisarenko ◽

N. V. Borodina ◽

I. V. Kireyev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

E Coli ◽

Phytochemical Profile

More than 150 million cases of infectious diseases of the urinary system are registered annually in the world. Common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L.) leaves is one of the most well-known species of raw materials with uroantiseptic and diuretic activity. The method of a decoction obtaining from bearberry leaves is well known, but this dosage form is non-standardized, poorly stored and difficult to maintain the accuracy of dosing. In this regard, the development of domestic standardized medicines based on bearberry leaves is an urgent aim of modern pharmacy. The aim of the research is to study the phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of the bearberry leaves dry extracts, obtained by various extractants, to identify the most promising substance with diuretic and uroantiseptic activity. Materials and methods. The subjects were the dry extracts obtained from bearberry leaves with purified water and ethanol solutions (30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 96 %). Determination of the main BAS extracts was performed by TLC, HPLC and spectrophotometry. Determination of diuretic activity of the extracts was performed by the method of E. B. Berchin, antibacterial activity – by diffusion into agar. Results. Arbutin, 2 phenolic acids, 6 flavonoids and 8 saponins were detected in the bearberry extracts. The results showed that arbutin and saponins are better extracted with water and diluted solutions of ethanol, while phenolic acids and flavonoids – with 50–70 % ethanol. As a result of studying the diuretic activity of the bearberry extracts, it was found that the highest diuretic activity has the extract obtained with 50 % ethanol at a dose of 50 mg/kg, increasing diuresis by 70 %. The bearberry leaves extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and C. albicans. The content of different groups of phenolic compounds, economic factor and pharmacological activity showed that 50 % ethanol is the optimal extractant for extraction phenolic compounds from bearberry leaves and creation of new medicines from the raw materials. Conclusions. As a result of phytochemical and pharmacological studies, it was found that the dry bearberry leaves extract obtained with 50 % ethanol solution was the most promising substance with diuretic and uroantiseptic action

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Effects similar to anxiolysis in an organic extract of Stypopodium zonale on an anxiety-related behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

American Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.33697/ajur.2016.035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Keysh Mejías ◽

Grisel Robles ◽

Zulmari Martínez ◽

Anamaris Torres ◽

Lee Algarín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Open Field ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Organic Extract ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Stypopodium Zonale ◽

Behavioral Trials

Nature has a great diversity of organisms whose bioactive compounds may potentially be studied. When it comes to aquatic life we find that algae are organisms that are well suited for screening and identification of bioactive compounds due to their widespread distribution in both salt and freshwater. Our hypothesis is that a crude organic extract of the brown algae Stypopodium zonale can decrease anxiety-related behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. Stypopodium zonale was collected in the south coast of Puerto Rico and the potential anxiolytic-like effects of the extract were studied in an anxiogenic-like behavioral paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster. This behavior is called centrophobia and is measured using an Open Field Arena (OFA). Validation of the paradigm gave the expected results as reported in the literature, in which Drosophila exhibits a phobia (avoidance) of remaining in the center of the OFA, which corresponds to a behavior with anxiety components. The organic extract was dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Toxicity tests were performed both for DMSO and the crude organic extract, and neither showed positive results. To perform the behavioral trials, 1 mL of the crude extract and 4 mL of water were mixed with 1.8 g of Drosophila food. The final concentration of the crude extract in the food was 5.4 mg/mL. The adult flies were grown in a tube with the extract until a considerable quantity of larvae was observed, and then the adults were removed. These new larvae, once turned into adult flies, were used for the behavioral trials. The behavior of control flies (food without extract) and experimental flies (extract containing food) was recorded with a video camera and the results of the centrophobic behavior were analyzed and compared using quantitative criteria. Both the control and experimental trials were performed in triplicate. The results show that flies grown in food containing the crude extract present a significant reduction in centrophobia compared with control flies. In conclusion, our results suggest that the organic crude extract from Stypopodium zonale has anxiolytic-like effects in a Drosophila melanogaster model with anxiety components. We are currently performing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies on the crude extracts to identify the most abundant secondary metabolites. Future experiments should include the administration of the crude extracts (or fractions of the most abundant secondary metabolites) to a vertebrate model in to test the effect in a behavior with anxiety components. We are also in the process of developing a preliminary model of possible mechanisms of action of the crude organic extract in the reduction of centrophobia. KEYWORDS: Anxiety; Algae; Drosophila melanogaster; Open Field Arena; Organic extracts; Centrophobia; Stypopodium zonale

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Screening of Antibacterial Metabolites from Marine Soil, Kodiyampaiayam, Tamilnadu

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c1302.1183s319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3S3) ◽

pp. 571-575

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Drug Development ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Marine Sediment ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Morphology Characteristic ◽

New Antibiotics

The marine environment is a rich resource for isolating exploited microorganisms. In recent years, antibiotics have become important in this study of new antibiotics that show antiviral, anticoagulant and cardiac properties. Soil samples were collected from different area and isolated the bacterial colonies were separately streaking in agar plates (KP1, KP3, KP6, KP7 and KP9). The bacteria were done by morphology characteristic after that bacterial crude extract was taken separately. The crude extract was used in antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. There KP 7 and KP 9 havethe highest activity in B. subtilis and S. pyogenes rest of the samples also had activity comparing to these samples (KP 7 and KP 9) is highest zone inhibition developing. The marine sediment having so many microbes and secondary metabolites, therefore,the most useful drug development..

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Extraction and Phytochemicals Determination of Traditional Medicinal Plants for Anti-microbial Susceptibility Test

Health Sciences ◽

10.15342/hs.2020.236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

Author(s):

Firew Admasu

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Plant Sample ◽

Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Health Care ◽

Susceptibility Tests

Abstract: The study were conducted at Dilla University, College of Natural Sciences, Biological Sciences laboratories. Background: Ethiopia is a country with many ethnic groups, cultures and beliefs which in turn have contributed to the high diversity of traditional health care knowledge and practices of traditional medicine from local growth plants, animals and minerals for various physical and mental disorders of human and livestock population that passed from generation to generation for centuries. Medicinal plants contributors to pharmaceutical, agricultural and food industries in the world. The use of medicinal plants in the industrialized societies has been traced to extraction and development of several drugs used in order to heel some diseases having inhibiting effect against pathogenic microorganism. Objective: The main objective of this study was Extraction and Phytochemicals determination of traditional medicinal plants for anti microbial susceptibility test. Methodology: The extraction and identification of some phytochemicals crude compound which used for antimicrobial susceptibility test from plant sample such as Ocimum lamiifolium (OL), Croton maerosth (Cm) and Ruta chalepesis (RC) were conducted. Plant samples are collected, powdered using mortal and pistil and extracted using ethanol and some susceptibility tests were performed to identify some phytochemicals compound. Result: The main result of Antimicrobial activity test showed that the crude extract of OL has the highest zone of inhibition. The highest yield of crude extract (38.21%) was obtained from Croton maerosth (CM) which followed by Ruta chalepesis (RC) (32.43%). However, the lowest yield (28.37%) was obtained from Oscpmum lamifolium (OL). Conclusion: Traditional Medicine is used by many people to managing numerous conditions; it’s accessible and effective on antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it plays a significant role by reducing life-threatening ailments of people and other animals.

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Isolation and Structure Determination of Antiproliferative Secondary Metabolites from the Potato Earthball Mushroom, Scleroderma bovista (Agaricomycetes)

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms ◽

10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2018026043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 411-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bernadett Kovacs ◽

Zoltán Béni ◽

Miklós Dékány ◽

Noémi Bózsity ◽

Istvan Zupko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Structure Determination

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Metabolomics and Pharmacological Screening of Aspergillus versicolor Isolated from Hyrtios erectus Red Sea Sponge; Egypt

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666191111122711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1083-1102

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Shreadah ◽

Nehad M.A. El Moneam ◽

Samy A. El-Assar ◽

Asmaa Nabil-Adam

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Red Sea ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Aspergillus Versicolor ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Study Results ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacological Screening

Background: Aspergillus Versicolor is a marine-derived fungus isolated from Hyrtios Erectus Red Sea sponge. Methods: The aim of this study was to carry out a pharmacological screening and investigation for the in vitro biological activity (antioxidant, cholinergic, antidiabetic and anticancer) of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extract’s active compounds by using different qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: The present study results showed that Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts contain 0.6 mg total phenolic/mg crude extract. Aspergillus Versicolor also showed a potent antioxidative capacity by decreasing the oxidation of ABTS. The anticancer and inhibitory effects of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts on PTK and SHKI were found to be 75.29 % and 80.76%; respectively. The AChE inhibitory assay revealed that Aspergillus Versicolor extracts had an inhibitory percentage of 86.67%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity using COX1, COX2, TNF, and IL6 was 77.32, 85.21 %, 59.83%, and 56.15%; respectively. Additionally, the anti-viral effect using reverse transcriptase enzyme showed high antiviral activity with 92.10 %. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that the Aspergillus versicolor crude extract and its active constituents showed strong effects on diminishing the oxidative stress, neurodegenerative damage, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral, suggesting their beneficial role as a promising fermented product in the treatment of cancer, oxidative stress, Alzheimer's, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral diseases.

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Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11030133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 133 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Annika Jagels ◽

Viktoria Lindemann ◽

Sebastian Ulrich ◽

Christoph Gottschalk ◽

Benedikt Cramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Future Research ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

Metabolite Profiles ◽

The Individual ◽

First Time ◽

Analytical Standards ◽

Respective Species

The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites, including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future research.

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Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

Sustainable Chemistry ◽

10.3390/suschem2020018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 325-334

Author(s):

Neda Javadi ◽

Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei ◽

Nasser Hamdan ◽

Edward Kavazanjian

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Simple Extraction ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Stable Source ◽

The Stability ◽

The Cost

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease will greatly facilitate engineering applications of urease such as biocementation of soil. Inexpensive crude extracts of urease have been shown to be effective at hydrolyzing urea for carbonate precipitation. However, some studies have suggested that the activity of a crude extract may decrease with time, limiting the potential for its mass production for commercial applications. The stability of crude urease extracts shown to be effective for biocementation was studied. The crude extracts were obtained from jack beans via a simple extraction process, stored at room temperature and at 4 ℃, and periodically tested to evaluate their stability. To facilitate storage and transportation of the extracted enzyme, the longevity of the enzyme following freeze drying (lyophilization) to reduce the crude extract to a powder and subsequent re-hydration into an aqueous solution was evaluated. In an attempt to improve the shelf life of the lyophilized extract, dextran and sucrose were added during lyophilization. The stability of purified commercial urease following rehydration was also investigated. Results of the laboratory tests showed that the lyophilized crude extract maintained its activity during storage more effectively than either the crude extract solution or the rehydrated commercial urease. While incorporating 2% dextran (w/v) prior to lyophilization of the crude extract increased the overall enzymatic activity, it did not enhance the stability of the urease during storage.

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Optimization of Protoplast Formation, Regeneration, and Viability in Sorangium cellulosum

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 861 ◽

pp. 303-308

Author(s):

Guo Li Gong ◽

Zhi Qiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Drug Development ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Anticancer Drug ◽

Genome Shuffling ◽

Protoplast Formation ◽

Sorangium Cellulosum ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Microtubule Stabilization ◽

Cytotoxic Macrolide

Sorangium cellulosum can product many secondary metabolites that is unique structural and makes these microorganisms highly attractive for drug development, especially epothilone, on cancer cells a cytotoxic macrolide which is naturally produced by Soxhlet cellulose that have the action of microtubule stabilization, is a promising anticancer drug. In this research, the factors affecting the regeneration and preparation of the protoplast of Sorangium cellulosum were discussed, those were regeneration media, enzymes and osmotic stabilizers. This study provide the distruction for improving the production of epothilone through genome shuffling, mutation, fusion and transformation.

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