scholarly journals Upcycling and Recycling Potential of Selected Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7772
Author(s):  
Anita Wronka ◽  
Eduardo Robles ◽  
Grzegorz Kowaluk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

This research aimed to confirm the ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by novel composite production using plantation waste on the example of lignocellulosic particles of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Furthermore, to characterize the particles produced by re-milled particleboards made of the above-mentioned alternative raw materials in the light of further recycling. As part of the research, particleboards from wooden black chokeberry and raspberry were produced in laboratory conditions, and select mechanical and physical properties were examined. In addition, the characterization of raw materials (particles) on the different processing stages was determined, and the fraction share and shape of particles after re-milling of the produced panels was provided. The tests confirmed the possibility of producing particleboards from the raw materials used; however, in the case of boards with raspberry lignocellulose particles, their share cannot exceed 50% so as to comply with the European standards regarding bending strength criterion. In addition, the further utilization of chips made of re-milled panels can be limited due to the significantly different shape and fraction share of achieved particles.

Selected properties of particleboard made of raspberry Rubus idaeus L. lignocellulosic particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
ANITA WRONKA ◽  
GRZEGORZ KOWALUK
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
European Standards

Selected properties of particleboard made of raspberry Rubus idaeus L. lignocellulosic particles. The aim of the research was to confirm the possibility of using lignocellulosic particles of raspberry Rubus idaeus L. stalks as an alternative raw material in particleboard technology. Within the scope of work, it was to produce particleboards from raspberry lignocellulosic particles in laboratory conditions, and to investigate selected mechanical and physical properties of the produced boards. In addition to the aforementioned tests, the characterization of the lignocellulosic raw material used in the tests (density, bark share, fractional composition) was carried out. The tests have shown that it is possible to produce the furniture particleboards with use the lignocellulosic particles of raspberry Rubus idaeus L. To meet the requirements of the European standards for furniture panels, such particleboards must contain less than 50% of raspberry particles with density 650 kg/m3 (due to the bending strength criterion).

Characterization and Properties of Lampang Kaolinite Clay for Standard Clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Soravich Mulinta ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Materials Used

The aim of this study was to study and characterize the properties of raw material for standard clay, Lampang province. The raw materials used in the study are from local sources. They are Lampang kaolin clay (WC-1) and Lampang kaolin residual (WC-2). The characterization of raw material was analyzed by particle analyzer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mixing ratio of standard clay as an addition Lampang kaolin clay 50-90% and Lampang kaolin residual 10-50% on physical-mechanical properties of standard clay. The properties of standard clay after firing at temperature at 1200°C were studied. The shrinkage, water absorption and bending strength of standard clay were tested. The results showed that the chemical components of 60%lampang kaolinite clay and 40% Lampang kaolin residual included of large amount of 67.47wt% Silicon oxide and 20.92wt%Aluminum oxide. The physical properties of standard clay had a shrinkage of 11.2%, water absorption of 1.9 % and bending strength of 659 kg/cm2. The standard clay produced fulfilled the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 485-2542).

Assessment of carbon footprint of steel production technology at aluminum application for iron oxides reducing

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 931-935
Author(s):  
V. G. Lisienko ◽  
Yu. N. Chesnokov ◽  
A. V. Lapteva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Materials Used

The XXIst conference on climate, held in Paris in 2015, set coordination of efforts of all the countries as an object to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. To realize the conference decisions, it is necessary to implement technologies ensuring reduction of carbon dioxide forming in every industry. Steel industry is one of its sources. A proposed in publications technology of production of carbon-free steel for nuclear power engineering, based on reducing of iron oxides by aluminum in the process of melting considered. As per authors opinion, since the carbon of coke was excluded out of the process of steel production by the technology, it results in exclusion of greenhouse gases emissions. The purpose of the work was to assess the carbon footprint of the technology taking into account emissions of carbon-containing gases in the previous processes. It was shown that steel production by the analyzed technology with metallic aluminum application for iron oxides reduction has a rather considerable carbon footprint despite the practical absence of carbon dioxide emissions directly in the process of its smelting. It is caused by a large volume of greenhouse gases emissions in the neighbored sectors of production of energy, raw materials and materials used for steel production and exceeds 4500 kg of carbon dioxide per 1 t of steel smelted by the technology. To assess the value of carbon footprint at creation of new and perfection of existing technological processes of goods production in ferrous metallurgy and other industries of economy, it was proposed to take into account its value along the whole chain of previous and neighbored production sectors.

scholarly journals Assessment of Selected Physical Characteristics of the English Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) Waste Biomass Briquettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Artur Kraszkiewicz ◽  
Ignacy Niedziółka ◽  
Stanisław Parafiniuk ◽  
Maciej Sprawka ◽  
Małgorzata Dula
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the selected physical characteristics of the briquettes of English ryegrass waste biomass and its mixtures with waste components from the agri-food industry: pea husks and oat middlings. The raw materials used for the tests are characterized by high calorific value and low ash content. Among the tested raw materials, the most favorable values were recorded for oat middlings in this respect. The produced briquettes were characterized by high volumetric density and very diverse mechanical durability. At the same time, the results of the tests on the mechanical durability of briquettes indicated that the use of components of ryegrass mixtures selected for testing brought unsatisfactory results, as compared to other analyzed physical and energy features.

scholarly journals Properties of meandrical geotextiles designed for the protection of soil against erosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00042
Author(s):  
Joanna Grzybowska-Pietras ◽  
Giang Nguyen ◽  
Stanisława Przybyło ◽  
Monika Rom ◽  
Jan Broda
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Slope Structure ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Atmospheric Factors ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
The University

Changes in climatic conditions in the world often affect the variability of water relations and soil erosion. Observed phenomena lead to removal of the most valuable soil surface layer from slopes, washout of minerals, deterioration of slope structure and also destruction of protective vegetation. Geotextiles are used to protect slopes from effects of erosion. Depending on the type of used raw material as well as production technology, geotextiles are used for long-term or temporary protection (biodegradable). Biodegradable geotextiles under influence of atmospheric factors undergo gradual decomposition. The substances released as a result of decomposition cause soil fertilization, which promotes development of protective vegetation. The aim of the research is to assess impact of exploitation time on selected physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of innovative geotextiles in form of meandrically arranged Kemafil ropes made of wool and recycled fibers installed on slope in Jasienica Economic Zone in Międzyrzecze. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Geosynthetics and Textile Products of the University of Bielsko-Biala in accordance with the applicable European standards. Nonwovens used for production of geotextiles were tested before installation, as well as after 6 and 12 months from their installation. Geotextiles reduce speed of rainwater flowing down from the surface of slope and store its excess. Waste raw materials used for production of geotextiles enable products effectively protecting slope against water erosion.

Foamed Glass-Ceramics Made from Red-Mud

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Nan Ye ◽  
Yong Wei Wang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Shi Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Foaming Temperature

Dried Red mud slurry was ground to small powders. It was then mixed with waste glass and dolomite powders. The mixtures with different amounts of red mud and dolomite were pressed to form green bodies, which were foamed at high temperatures. To achieve a good foaming effect, the content of red mud is 35~45% in the batch and 10wt% of dolomite should be added as the foaming agent. It is found that the best foaming temperature is 1130°C, much higher than the decomposition temperature of the pure dolomite. The best obtained product has an apparent density, bending strength of 0.896g/cm3 and 9.7MPa, respectively. X-ray measurement results indicate that the red mud has reaction with the other raw materials used in the green body. The crystalline phase formed in the sample is augite. The present study provides a simple way to directly foam a mixture containing red mud to form useful glass-ceramics.

scholarly journals Development of Geopolymers as Substitutes for Traditional Ceramics for Bricks with Chamotte and Biomass Bottom Ash

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Traditional Ceramics

The greater environmental awareness, new environmental regulations and the optimization of resources make possible the development of sustainable materials as substitutes for the traditional materials used in construction. In this work, geopolymers were developed as substitutes to traditional ceramics for brick manufacture, using as raw materials: chamotte, as a source of aluminosilicate, and biomass bottom ashes from the combustion of almond shell and alpeorujo (by-product produced in the extraction of olive oil composed of solid parts of the olive and vegetable fats), as the alkaline activator. For the feasibility study, samples were made of all possible combinations of both residues from 100% chamotte to 100% biomass bottom ash. The tests carried out on these sample families were the usual physical tests for ceramic materials, notably the compression strength test, as well as colorimetric tests. The freezing test was also carried out to study the in-service behavior of the different sample groups. The families with acceptable results were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results of the previous tests showed that the geopolymer was indeed created for the final families and that acceptable mechanical and aging properties were obtained according to European standards. Therefore, the possibility of creating geopolymers with chamotte and biomass bottom ashes as substitutes for conventional ceramics was confirmed, developing an economical, sustainable material, without major changes in equipment and of similar quality to those traditionally used for bricks.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

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