scholarly journals Development stages of soybean varieties against pod sucking pest Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae) under two different cultivation technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Tantawizal ◽  
M Sarjan ◽  
B Supeno ◽  
B A Patu ◽  
B N Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Pod sucking pest, Riptortus linearis, is one of the important pests on soybeans which cause high yield losses. In order to reduce yield loss, information related to the development stages of resistant varieties and appropriate cultivation technology is needed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the development stages of soybean varieties and cultivation technology on the population and intensity of pod sucking pests, R. linearis, attack and soybean yield. The study was conducted in a split plot design with two factors, namely cultivation technology [recommendation technology (TR) and existing technology (TE)], and soybean varieties: [Detap-1 (V1), Dega-1 (V2), Anjasmoro (V3), Biosoy (V4), and Dena-1 (V5)]. Each treatment combination was replicated three times resulting in 30 experimental plots. The results showed that soybean varieties affected the population and intensity of R. linearis. Development stages of soybean varieties that positively correlated with pest populations were plant height with a correlation coefficient value r=0.52, followed by pod trichome density (r=0.12), and the number of pods attacked (r=0.49). While the character that correlated with the intensity of pest attack was the density of trichomes (r=0.20). Recommended cultivation technology can increase soybean productivity between 0.1 – 0.47 ton/ha compared to farmers’ existing technology.

The Critical Period of Bengal Dayflower (Commelina Bengalensis) Control in Peanut

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
J. Timothy Flanders ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Timothy L. Grey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
The Relationship

Bengal dayflower (also known as tropical spiderwort) is one of the most troublesome weeds in peanut in Georgia, United States. Field studies conducted in 2004 and 2005 evaluated the relationship between the duration of Bengal dayflower interference and peanut yield in an effort to optimize the timing of weed control. In 2004, the critical period of weed control (CPWC) necessary to avoid greater than 5% peanut yield loss was between 316 and 607 growing degree days (GDD), which corresponded to an interval between June 8 and July 2. In 2005, the CPWC ranged from 185 to 547 GDD, an interval between May 30 and July 3. Maximum yield loss in 2005 from season-long interference of Bengal dayflower was 51%. In 2004, production of peanut pods was eliminated by interference with Bengal dayflower for the initial 6 wk (495 GDD) of the growing season. Robust Bengal dayflower growth in 2004 shaded the peanut crop, likely intercepting fungicide applications and causing a reduction in peanut yield. Therefore, the competitive effects of Bengal dayflower are likely complicated with the activity of plant pathogens. In spite of higher Bengal dayflower population densities, greater Bengal dayflower growth, and greater peanut yield losses in 2004 than in 2005, the CPWC was a relatively similar 4-wk period that ended during the first week of July, for peanut that was planted in the first week of May.

scholarly journals Relationship between Soybean Pod Morphological Characteristics with Population and Attack Intensity of Pod Sucking Pest Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarjan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attack Intensity

Pod sucking pest, Riptortus linearis, is one of the important pests on soybeans which cause high yield losses. This study aimed to determine the relationship between soybean pod morphological characteristics with population and attacking intensity of the pod sucking pest R. linearis. The research method used was descriptive exploratory in the field with five soybean varieties, namely: Detap-1 (V1), Dega-1 (V2), Anjasmoro (V3), Biosoy (V4), and Dena-1 (V5). Research was conducted from September to December 2020 in Setanggor Village, West Praya District, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Results showed that the highest population of R. linearis was in the Dena-1 variety (1.9 individuals/plant), followed by Detap-1 (1.7 individuals/plant), Anjasmoro (1.6 individuals/plant), Dega (1 individual/plant) and Biosoy (0.9 individual/plant). Two morphological characteristics of soybean pods that had a correlation with the attacking intensity of R. linearis were trichome density (TD) and trichome length (TL). The lowest attacking intensity was on Biosoy variety (26.08% b, TD:1000.7 (10,000 m2 (10 x 4) and TL: 71.78 µm followed by Dega-1 (27.98% ab, TD:1044.04 (10,000 m2) (10 x 4) and TL: 70.70 µm, Detap-1 (36.36% ab TD: 944.14 (10,000 m2 (10 x 4) and TL: 72.86 µm, Dena-1 (35.02 % ab TD: 957.55 (10,000 m2 (10 x 4) and TL: 73.11 µm and the highest is Anjasmoro (37.56% a TD: 955.24 (10,000 m2 (10 x 4) and TL: 74.67 µm. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that the denser and longer the pod trichomes, the lower the attacking intensity of the pod sucking pest R. linearis.

scholarly journals Estimating and Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Crop Yield Loss in Response to Drought in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Mani Dahal ◽  
Donghong XIONG ◽  
Nilhari Neupane ◽  
Su Zhang ◽  
Yong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
Crop Yield Loss

Abstract The quantitative assessment of crop yield loss in response to drought is crucial in the development of the agricultural sector to improve the productivity. This study estimated and analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of crop yield loss in response to drought using the Lagrange interpolation method, wavelet analysis, and sequential Mann-Kendall test in the mountain, hill, and Terai (low-land) regions of Nepal's Koshi River Basin from 1987 to 2016. According to the findings, average crop yield loss was common after 2000, with the Terai, hill, and mountain experiencing the greatest loss in maize, rice, and wheat, respectively. Average annual rice and wheat yield losses rate were highest in the mountains, while maize yield losses were highest in the Terai. There was an abrupt change in wheat yield loss in the mountain, with significant increasing trend. In the hill, significant increment in maize and wheat yield loss, and decrement in rice yield loss, were observed. Between 1987 and 2016, periodic variations of maize, rice, and wheat revealed significant yield loss after 2000. The characteristics of the first and second key periods for crop yield loss demonstrated variation period which predicted that crop yield loss would either enter high yield loss or low yield loss period shortly after 2016. The findings of the study provide a detailed intervention in assessing crop yield loss at the river basin level and can provide an important pathway for developing a crop yield loss mitigation plan in the agricultural sector to achieve self-reliance and sustainable agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals The effect of population growth on the agricultural production in Nigeria (1961-2013)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
Ifedotun Victor Aina ◽  
Abraham Falola ◽  
Pamela Jessika Amoussou ◽  
Mery Ayoola Oni ◽  
Tolulope Aribisala
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

As of 2000, the total population estimate of Nigeria stood at about 124 million people, this number increased to 170 million in the year 2012, which shows a growth rate of 3.8% between 2000 and 2012. This figure provides an indication that the Nigerian population is among the fastest-growing populations in the world, on the other hand, food production increases marginally, at a rate lower than the population growth rate. This paper examined the effect of the Nigerian population on agricultural production over a period of 53 years. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the pattern and the trend of agricultural production. Granger causality and Ordinary Least Squares were used to examine the relationship between agricultural production and population growth. It was recommended that there is a need for the government to support innovative ways for increasing agricultural production, to meet the demand of the increasing population of the country. There is a need for research bodies to improve production to match the country’s increasing population, so sustainable development could be achieved. In order for agricultural production to meet the increasing population demand, there is a need for the development of improved high-yield, disease-resistant varieties coming from certified nurseries where the varieties can be traced. There is a need for innovative processes through which agricultural products and processing methods can be learned through extension services by the general population, so as to reduce malnutrition and poverty in the country.

Sorghum rust: II. Control and losses

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rust Susceptibility

Four sorghum lines of varying rust susceptibility, ranging from very resistant to susceptible, were planted in early September T985 in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Rust reactions were periodically evaluated from boot stage until grain harvest. At physiological maturity, foliar rust coverage was 24, 19, 7, and 0.5% for SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, and SC 120, respectively. Four rust fungicide (oxycarboxin at 0.5 kg/ha/spray), applications at and after boot stage resulted m final rust coverage of 7, 3, 1, and 0% on SC 212, SC 307, TAM 428, and SC 120, respectively. Over all cultivars, one, two, and four applications gave 32.9, 73.7, and 85.4% rust control compared to the nontreated plots. In moderately and very resistant varieties (TAM 428 and SC 120), rust control was greater (74.5%) than that found in moderately and very susceptible ones (55.2% for SC 307 and SC 212). On SC 307 and SC 212, yield losses from rust were 29 and 50%, respectively. Reductions in 100-seed weights in SC 307 and SC 22 (28 and 41 %, respectively) approximated yield loss levels. Yield of SC 212 was superior to that of SC 307 when rust was controlled with oxycarboxin and inferior to that of SX 307 when rust was untreated. Moderately rust resistant TAM 428 showed no response to rust control despite 7% rust coverage. This same rust level reduced yield of the susceptible varieties. Because of the genotypic differences in rust-yield reactions, a generalized model relating visual rust coverage to plant performance appears inappropriate.

scholarly journals The relationship of the morphological characteristics of some varieties of soybean on the attack itensity of the pod borer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke) in two different cultivation techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
B A Patu ◽  
M Sarjan ◽  
Tarmizi ◽  
Tantawizal
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Skin Texture ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attack Intensity ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Soybean is one of the secondary crops that are often planted by the farmer. One of the most common pests that attack soybeans is the pod borer (Ettiela zinkenella T). One of the ways to control pests is by using varieties that are resistant to pod borer attacks. The research objectives were to examine the relationship between the morphological characteristics of soybean pods and to determine the handling with the lowest attack intensity. The experiment used a split plot design with two factors and three replications. The research material was the seeds of five soybean varieties, namely Detap-1, Dega-1, Anjasmoro, Biosoy, and Dena-1 which were planted in 2 different lands. The highter the trichome pods, the lower the attack intensity with a value of -68.321, if X=0 then Y=64.081 and for the R2 value in the relationship, which is 0.2532. The longer the pod trichomes, the higher the attack intensity with a value of 0.0683, if X=0 then Y=18.208 and for the R2 value in the relationship, which is 0.0007. The thicker the skin of the pod, the lower the attack intensity with a value of -68.321, if X=0 then Y=64.081 and for the R2 value in the relationship, which is 0.2532. The harder the skin texture of the pods, the lower the attack intensity with a value of -0.0308, if X=0 then Y=36.614 and for the R2 value in that relationship, 0.2355. The recommended technology treatment with Anjasmoro variety had the lowest attack intensity compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals Pre-harvest field application of enhanced freshness formulation reduces yield loss in orange

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspa Samwel ◽  
Theodosy Msogoya ◽  
Abdul Kudra ◽  
Hosea Dunstan Mtui ◽  
Anna Baltazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract Background Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) production in Tanzania is constrained by several pre-harvest factors that include pests. Hexanal, sprayed as Enhanced Freshness Formulation (EFF) is a relatively new technology that has been reported to reduce pre-harvest loss in fruits. However, the effects of hexanal on pre-harvest yield loss of orange are not known. We studied the effects of hexanal as EFF on yield losses of three sweet orange cultivars namely, Early Valencia, Jaffa, and Late Valencia. Factorial experiments tested the effects of EFF concentration, variety, and time of EFF application on number of dropped fruit, percentage of non-marketable fruit and incidence of pest damage. Results Results showed significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) between EFF and the percentage of dropped fruit, non-marketable yield, and incidence of pest damage. An increase in hexanal concentration by 1%, is expected to reduce number of dropped fruit by 50, percentage of non-marketable by 35.6, and incidences of pest damage by 36.5% keeping other factors constant. Results also show significant association (p < 0.001) between time of hexanal application and non-marketable yield. Percentage of dropped fruit is expected to increase by 1 for each day away from harvest, keeping other factors constant. Conclusion Pre-harvest application of hexanal as EFF can significantly reduce number of dropped fruits, percentage of non-marketable fruit and incidence of pest damage.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

A contingency perspective on learning and instruction in physical education

2021 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2098588
Author(s):  
Jonas Wibowo ◽  
Ben Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Learning And Instruction

In this article, we focus on the contingency between learning and instruction in physical education (PE). We argue that the complex interconnectedness of teachers’ instruction and students’ learning processes should be studied using a unit of analysis that expresses the relationship between the two factors. A contingency perspective foregrounds the individual differences between different learners and how a teacher regards these differences. Furthermore, it has the potential to provide a precise lens for empirical research on how the students’ situations shape the evolution of the teaching--learning process. Based on scaffolding research and adaptive teaching research, which draws on socio-constructivist foundations, we call this unit of analysis ‘contingency’. We outline a framework of research that suggests depicting contingency dimensions, respective instructional continua, and contingency rules when investigating contingency in PE. Furthermore, autonomy as a core contingency dimension for PE and methodological issues will be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ledvinka ◽  
L. Zita ◽  
M. Hubený ◽  
E. Tůmová ◽  
M. Tyller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

We assessed the influence of the particular genotype, age of layers, feather growth-rate gene, and their mutual interactions on selected indicators of eggshell quality in six groups of hens of the laying type Dominant. The following genotypes were examined in the experiment: Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 951 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 901 (k) strain, fast-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 954 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 894 (k) strain, fast-feathering; crossbreds of the above strains in the F<sub>1</sub> generation Dominant D 107 blue (K), slow-feathering and Dominant D 107 blue (k), fast-feathering. The layers were fed a feed mixture NP1 (16.64 % CP) from the 20<sup>th</sup> week of age and a feed mixture NP2 (15.02% CP) from the 42<sup>nd</sup> week. Husbandry conditions met the regular requirements of laying hens. Egg production and live weight of hens were monitored for the duration of the experiment (12 months). Eggshell quality was examined at the layers' age of 27, 35 and 56 weeks. The average hen-day egg production for the duration of the experiment (12 months) was not significantly influenced by the particular genotype or the feather growth-rate gene. The varying representation of the feather growth-rate gene significantly (P &le; 0.001) influenced the live weight; similarly, the relationship between the genotype and the representation of K/k alleles was significant. The average egg weight was influenced statistically significantly (P &le; 0.001) by the age of hens, their genotype (P &le; 0.05), feather growth-rate gene (P &le; 0.001), and the relationship between the age and genotype (P &le; 0.001). The age of hens, genotype, and the interaction of these two factors affected the egg shape index, as did the incidence of the feather growth-rate gene within the population (with a statistical significance of P &le; 0.001). The age, genotype and the feather growth-rate gene incidence within the population also significantly affected the eggshell quality indicators. In the eggshell to egg ratio, eggshell thickness and strength, an interaction was determined between the age of hens and their particular genotype. The eggshell colour was also significantly (P &le; 0.001) affected by hens' age, genotype (P &le; 0.001), as well as by the feather growth-rate gene (P &le; 0.001). No significant interaction between the age and the genotype was found for this indicator.

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