Evaluation of the Impact of Maternal Training on Knowledge of Danger Signs in Sick Newborns and Health Seeking Behaviors Among Mothers in Enugu, South-east Nigeria- a Pre-and-post Interventional Study

Background: During the early weeks of life, the signs/symptoms of serious illness can be subtle, thus careful watching is crucial. The World health Organization has recognized nine “danger sign” which are closely associated with morbidity and mortality when not recognized early and given adequate care. This project was undertaken to assess mothers’ knowledge of these danger signs and health seeking behavior before and after training on newborn danger signs.Methodology: This community-based interventional study was carried amongst women in two rural communities of Enugu State. Participant’s knowledge of danger signs and care seeking behaviors were obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire before and after training on the danger signs newborns using videos from the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI). Pre- and post-training data were collated for analysis and comparison using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 197 women were enrolled for the study. Among the socio-demographic indices examined, only the number of newborns nursed in the past significantly determined knowledge of danger signs in the sick newborn (P=0.032). Prior to the training, 47% of respondents could not recount offhand any danger sign compared to 1.5% after the training (P=0.001). Knowledge of up to 3 danger signs significantly increased after the training (P = 0.001) and participants who admitted seeking medical help within 24 hours of noticing any danger signs in newborn also significantly increased, (P= 0.043).Conclusion: Our study documented a strong impact of training of mothers on their knowledge of danger signs in the sick newborns and on their healthcare seeking behavior. Therefore, training and retraining of mothers and/or care givers could help improve newborn care and reduce overall infant mortality

Pengukura Suhu dengan Ir MLX90614 dan NoDeMCU dan Membandingkan dengan Ds18B20 untuk pencegahan Covid 19

This research was carried out by comparing the DS18B20 sensor and the MLX 90614 sensor to detect the accuracy of detecting human body temperature which is used to detect Covid 19 symptoms. In this experiment, 10 trials were carried out with different human segments detected using the sensor. In the experiment, it was found that the MLX90614 sensor is more suitable to be used for development with an IoT-based system because it does not need to come into contact with the skin of the human body. The MLX90614 sensor will detect the temperature and change it to one Celsius unit then send it to the firebase database which will then be picked up by the android application which is held by the security officer so that the temperature can be known remotely. When the temperature is more than 38.5 Celsius it will turn on the buzzer sound which can be heard from a distance which indicates the temperature is above 38.5 Celsius and on android will also display a danger sign

Penyuluhan Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan di Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru Makassar

ABSTRAK Pada umumnya 80-90 % kehamilan akan berlangsung normal dan hanya 10-12 % kehamilan yang disertai dengan penyulit atau berkembang menjadi kehamilan patologis. Kehamilan patologis tidak terjadi secara mendadak karena kehamilan dan efeknya terhadap organ tubuh berlangsung secara bertahap dan berangsur-angsur. Deteksi dini gejala dan tanda bahaya selama kehamilan merupakan upaya terbaik untuk mencegah terjadinya gangguan yang serius terhadap kehamilan ataupun keselamatan ibu hamil. Tujuan setelah penyuluhan ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesehatan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan agar dapat dideteksi sesegera mungkin guna mencegah kenaikan AKI dan AKB di Puskesmas Jumpandang baru. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan dalam bentuk penyampaian materi dan lefleat. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan pada masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil di Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru Makassar. Kata kunci: Tanda bahaya kehamilan, Kehamilan ABSTRACT In general, 80-90% of pregnancies will proceed normally and only 10-12% of pregnancies are accompanied by complications or develop into pathological pregnancies. Pathological pregnancy does not occur suddenly because pregnancy and its effect on the organs of the body are gradual and gradual. Early detection of symptoms and danger signs during pregnancy is the best effort to prevent serious interference with pregnancy or the safety of pregnant women. The aim after this counseling is that it is expected to increase public health and knowledge, especially for pregnant women, about Pregnancy Danger Signs so that they can be detected as soon as possible in order to prevent an increase in MMR and IMR at the new Jumpandang Baru Makassar Health Center. The activities carried out are in the form of counseling in the form of delivery of material and leaflet. There is an increase in knowledge and abilities about the danger signs of pregnancy in the community, especially pregnant women at the Jumpandang Baru Makassar Health Center. Keywords: Pregnancy Danger Sign, pregnant

Evaluation of ANSI Z535 Safety Sign Installation

A safety sign is a sign of equipment to provide protection for workers or visitors in the workplace. American National Standards Institute Z535 (ANSI Z535) is used as a basic guideline for installing safety signs in the workplace because it is more communicative by using global symbols to overcome language barriers. Occupational Safety Division of Manpower and Transmigration Departement, East Java Province (UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya) is a workplace that has a risk of occupational accidents. The preliminary surveys in the area of the 3rd floor of the Division of Occupational Safety (UPT Keselamatan Kerja) Surabaya revealed that there were many sites with insufficient safety signboards. Many of the installed safety signs did not comply with ANZI Z535 standards. This study aimed to evaluate the installation of safety signs compared to the ANZI Z535 standard on the 3rd floor of UPT K2 Surabaya. This was an observational study examining the installation of safety signs. The data were obtained using the ANSI Z535 safety sign checklist. We found 2 out of 5 types of safety signs were in accordance with ANSI safety sign standards with a comparison percentage of more than 66%, such as the notice sign (67.85%) and safety condition sign (75%). Three other types of safety signs were in the unfavorable category with a percentage of less than 66%, such as danger sign (65.63%), warning sign (50%), and caution sign (46.88%). Some sites required additional safety signs, such as warning signs (at distillation site), caution signs (oven, stairs), notice signs (cylinder storage, elevator, chemical warehouse), and safety condition signs (stair, eyewash).

Impact of pulse oximetry on hospital referral acceptance in children under 5 with severe pneumonia in rural Pakistan (district Jamshoro): protocol for a cluster randomised trial

BackgroundPneumonia is a leading cause of death among children under 5 specifically in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Hypoxaemia is a life-threatening complication among children under 5 with pneumonia. Hypoxaemia increases risk of mortality by 4.3 times in children with pneumonia than those without hypoxaemia. Prevalence of hypoxaemia varies with geography, altitude and severity (9%–39% Asia, 3%–10% African countries). In this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing impact of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) identifying hypoxaemia in children with signs of pneumonia during household visits on acceptance of hospital referral in district Jamshoro, Sindh.Methods and analysisA cluster randomised controlled trial using pulse oximetry as intervention for children with severe pneumonia will be conducted in community settings. Children aged 0–59 months with signs of severe pneumonia will be recruited by LHWs during routine visits in both intervention and control arms after consent. Severe pneumonia will be defined as fast breathing and/or chest in-drawing, and, one or more danger sign and/or hypoxaemia (Sa02 <92%) in PO (intervention) group and fast breathing and/or chest in-drawing and one or more danger sign in clinical signs (control) group. Recruits in both groups will receive a stat dose of oral amoxicillin and referral to designated tertiary health facility. Analysis of variance will be used to compare baseline referral acceptance in both groups with that at end of study.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the Aga Khan University (4722-Ped-ERC-17), Karachi. Study results will be shared with relevant government and non-governmental organisations, presented at national and international research conferences and published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT03588377.

Knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and health seeking behaviours among women attending antenatal care; the case of two referral hospitals in Southwest Cameroon

Background: Danger signs of pregnancy are alerts of obstetric complications which commonly occur from mid to late pregnancy and can lead to maternal and/or fetal morbidity/mortality if appropriate care is not sort in a timely manner. Delay in seeking care is one of the key factors leading to maternal death, which can be associated with poor knowledge on obstetric danger signs. In Cameroon, published data on the assessment of knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy is rare, despite the burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and health care seeking behaviours among women attending antenatal care at the Buea and Limbe Regional Hospitals, Cameroon. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional study, conducted at the Antenatal Care unit of Buea and Limbe Regional Hospitals from 24th February 2020 to 24th May 2020. Convenient sampling was used to recruit participants, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 25. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was set at a 95% CI, with a P-value < 0.05. Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were enrolled in study, 117(29.3%) had experienced danger signs during pregnancy and reported the healthcare seeking behaviours after recognizing the danger sign. Among those who recognized danger signs, majority 91(77.8%) visited a healthcare facility. Almost two-thirds 246(61.5%) of respondents had poor knowledge of danger signs. The most commonly mentioned danger sign was vaginal bleeding 257(64.25%). Women who were older than 19 years (AOR=3.96; 95%CI: 2.8-4.1, P=0.006), and women who attended at least high school (AOR=3.02; 95%CI: 1.7-5.3), P= 0.001) were associated with good knowledge of danger signs. Conclusion: Knowledge of danger signs during pregnant was poor among antenatal care attendees in both hospitals. Age older than 19 years and at least high school attendance was associated with good knowledge. Also, women took appropriate healthcare seeking actions after recognizing danger signs during pregnancy. Thus, intervention programs aiming to improve women’s knowledge on pregnancy danger signs should be intensified during antenatal care visits.

Prevalence of Pneumonia Severity in Children under 5 Years Old at Primary Health Care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya

Introduction: Pneumonia is the world-leading cause of death in children under five years old and most prevalent in developing country. Proper initial diagnosis will determine further management, because pneumonia and severe pneumonia have different treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of pneumonia severity in children under five years old at primary health setting. Methods: This study was a cross – sectional descriptive study on medical records of children aged 2 to 59 months with pneumonia at primary health care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya from September to December 2017. Severity of pneumonia is classified using its clinical sign such as fast breathing, fever, chest indrawing, and general danger sign. The data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel and statistically analyzed with SPSS IBM 20. Results: There were 31 respondents that were diagnosed with pneumonia at primary health care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya from September to December 2017. Most of the children diagnosed with pneumonia were aged 12 to 59 months (61.3%) and 22.6 % of the children had severe pneumonia. Conclusion: Distribution of severity case of pneumonia at primary health care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya showed that there were more case of pneumonia with fast breathing than severe pneumonia or pneumonia with any general danger sign. Most of them were diagnosed at 12 to 59 months with a good nutritional status.

Knowledge, attitude and practices for antenatal care, danger signs of pregnancy and family planning among pregnant women in a rural area of Kerala, India

Background: Maternal health services have a potentially critical role in the improvement of reproductive health. The use of health service related to availability, quality and cost of services as well as the social structures, health beliefs and personal characteristics of the users. Objective was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to antenatal care (ANC), danger signs and family planning among the pregnant women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in May 2020 to August 2020 in a rural area of Thrissur district of Kerala, India. 150 pregnant women (aged 18‑35 years) attending the antenatal clinics were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire.Results: The knowledge and attitude of the participants towards antenatal care, danger signs of pregnancy and adopting family planning methods was adequate in the study population. The total score of knowledge was 80%, positive attitude was 91% and practice was 77%. The participants also had knowledge regarding pregnancy danger signs. Nearly 92% were aware of bleeding per vagina being a danger sign, 85% stated weak or no movement of baby as a danger sign, 75% knew that pain in abdomen was a danger, 68% knew excessive vomiting as a danger sign while a mere 41% reported that convulsions were a danger sign.Conclusions: The role of health workers in increasing awareness among mothers about the importance of ANC, the danger signs of pregnancy and adopting family planning methods are of paramount concern.