LAW AND DEVELOPMENT MOVEMENT IN LIGHT OF CONTRADICTIONS OF LEGAL RECEPTION

The western Law and Development movement engaged in legal assistance to the socioeconomic development of the third world states as well as the postsocialist countries by the Western patterns includes two different stages, the first one continues about a decade and a half from the beginning of the 1960s, the second lasts approximately twenty years starting the beginning of the 1990s. The article provides a detailed consideration of the history and the achieved results, the content of the activities as well as the theoretical sources of the movement in the jurisprudence, the sociology and the economics. The Law and Development movement encourages and assists in the legal reception from the Western legal orders. Taking into account the distinction between the political and the doctrinal legal reception, the movement acts within framework of the former because it uses the legal regulations as an instrument for achievement of extra-legal purposes. Informed by this approach, the legislation serves the present-day policy whereas the law, which is a special social regulator establishing freedom in a social life, does not find a proper expression in the legislation, a statute compliant with the law is not the legislator’s reference point. Hence the political legal reception does not contribute to a successful legal development, establishment of legal values and the rule of law. This predetermines a failure of the Law and Development movement as a whole. The true outcome of the movement is an impulse of some kind to the further independent legal development in the interested recipient countries.

Teaching Children’s Motor Skills for Team Games Through Guided Discovery: How Constraints Enhance Learning

In this paper we examine the role of instructional strategies as constraints within a discovery learning framework for the teaching of open skill team ball games to elementary school-aged children. The cohesive and adaptive integration of constraints (individual, environment, and task) by practitioners of movement and physical activity (instructor, teacher, coach) is proposed as the pathway to exploiting the effectiveness of guided discovery learning. The qualitative analysis of the practical instantiations of this framework by expert teachers is examined with respect to the learning of open skill team invasion games (e.g., basketball, soccer). The primary constraints to action in this learning-teaching developmental framework are coordinated so as to keep the self-organization of skill development (movement pattern and tactics) continually evolving, while preserving the child’s motivation and enjoyment for the expanding repertoire and performance capacity of his/her perceptual-motor skills. In this open skill and elementary school age-related context, generality and specificity are both necessary and complementary in the expression of task, skill and practice influences on motor learning and performance.

An ‘ingenious system of practical contacts’: Historical origins and development of the Institute of Child Welfare Research at Columbia University's Teachers College (1922–36)

During the first two decades of the 20th century, the expansion of private foundations and philanthropic initiatives in the United States converged with a comprehensive, nationwide agenda of progressive education and post-war social reconstruction that situated childhood at its core. From 1924 to 1928, the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial was the main foundation behind the aggressive, systematic funding of the child development movement in North America. A pioneering institution, the Institute of Child Welfare Research, established in 1924 at Columbia's Teachers College, was the first Rockefeller-funded programme of its kind at an American university. The Institute was influential in helping set up a nationwide network of child welfare institutes at other universities. Twelve years later, it would also be the first of those institutes to close. Nonetheless, the Institute's context, emergence, and development have been overlooked or misrepresented by previous scholarship, which calls for a new, critical historical analysis. By drawing on a number of archival sources and unpublished materials, this paper offers a critical reconstruction of the Institute's internal, often unstable history, emphasizing its origins, members, and administrative changes. I argue that the demise of the Institute should be understood in the context of both the revision of philanthropic policies in the late 1920s and the Institute's singular emphasis on teaching and training over research. The resulting narrative allows for a deeper, more informed understanding of both the Institute's origins and its eventual folding.

The Challenges for Court Reform after Authoritarian Rule: The Role of Specialized Courts in Indonesia

Political transitions from authoritarian rule may lead to a process of court reform. Indeed, court reform has been a central pillar of the law and development movement since the 1960s. What challenges do court reform efforts face after authoritarian rule in Indonesia and to what extent can specialized courts address these challenges? In this article, I examine court reform and the establishment of specialized courts in Indonesia post-1998. I argue that we need to pay attention to the politics of court reform after authoritarian rule. Specialized courts as a type of institutional reform need to be considered together with judicial culture in order to address fundamental challenges in the courts.

PENYUSUNAN RENCANA BISNIS UMKM

<p>The role of SMEs in supporting the development movement and the Indonesian economy is no longer in doubt. Several times the economic crisis has hit Indonesia, but SMEs can still get through. The flexible nature of SMEs as well as being very vital makes them ideal as an economic driver during difficult situations. But unfortunately, there are still many SMEs that do not have clear and targeted business plans, causing their businesses to not last long. The purpose of community service that will be achieved in this activity is to provide understanding and improve the skills of SMEs actors so that they have the ability to practice compiling business planning and budgets that will be applied to their business, so it is hoped that these SMEs actors can have written guidelines as maps and action plan in running its business. The method used is based on a group approach. The series of activities started from surveys and in-depth interviews to explore problems faced by partners, followed by a coordination meeting of the PkM– community service proposer team to analyze partners' needs and prepare materials. The delivery of material in the form of counseling is carried out online (Zoom meeting), containing: instilling a basic mindset about the importance of making a business plan and the impact of the absence of a business plan, then steps to compile a business plan accompanied by procedures for making a business budget in writing. The material is equipped with examples of business proposals in various business fields so that participants have a clear picture of the form of a business plan. The activity ended with an evaluation of the effectiveness of training through monitoring the implementation of learning outcomes in partners' efforts.</p>

A Critical Exploration of Assumptions Underlying STEM Career Development

Significant resources have been invested by multiple entities and institutions into exposing more students and adults to science, technology, education, and mathematics (STEM) education and careers. These efforts have coalesced into a major educational and career development movement within the past few decades. In this article, we present a critical analysis of the STEM movement that seeks to inform dialogue and debate regarding the nature and potential impacts of STEM career development. The article identifies the inherent assumptions about equity, self-determination, meaning, and purpose that underlie the STEM movement, while also acknowledging its many important positive contributions. The potential unintended consequences of STEM interventions and programs as well as the social messaging that accompanies these efforts are reviewed. Future directions for research, practice, and public policy that are informed by this critical analysis conclude this article.

Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa (Analisis Kasus Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Gadingrejo, Kecamatan Gading Rejo, Kabupaten Pringsewu)

The village head carries out the tasks assigned by the central government to regulate and carry out these policies made in the framework of joint development with the community towards a prosperous society. Through Mr. Gunawan's leadership, Gading Rejo Village carried out development using the Village Fund in accordance with development priorities which were jointly developed with the community. Development carried out using village funds is the construction of roads, construction of water culverts, water irrigation channels, monuments, and community activity units. Village community development is a development movement based on community self-help and mutual cooperation. The type of research used in this research is descriptive type with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques, observation, interviews, documentation. The results of this study indicate that the leadership of the village head Gadingrejo to increase community participation in the management of village funds focuses more on the democratic leadership style, the leadership style of the Gadingrejo Village Head obtains high direction of support from the community, in guiding the community, the village head gives instructions to the community such as mechanisms in the field and what is needed in development, so that the duties and functions of the village head can be carried out properly.

Starting Leaps of Change from the Village:

Village autonomy carries along a demand for villages to become self-reliant through optimization of village development that is based on local values and resources. This paper aims at exploring village development within the framework of the Saemaul Undong movement in South Korea. This paper conducts a qualitative approach, and data are collected through in-depth interviews with some key persons related to Saemaul Undong. By conducting Saemaul Undong, the village development movement in South Korea covered three important aspects: improving environmental quality, increasing income, and improving the villagers' mentality. Those three aspects became the main values in transforming rural areas of South Korea to have a better life by optimizing their resources. Freedom in deciding the village program even there was also a national development policy is one of the key success factors of the Saemaul Undong movement. The success of the implementation of the Movement spread to other countries in order to adopt the strategies and model from its country of origin.