DETERMINATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE TOTAL TORQUE NON-UNIFORMITY WHEN DISCONNECTING THE CYLINDERS

The article considers one of the topical directions of increasing fuel economy and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases, namely, cylinder disconnection of internal combustion engines (ICE) in idling and partial loads. Current internal combustion engines with cylinder disconnection have enough technical solutions to ensure high fuel economy and ecological indicators of the engine working process. Accordingly, such engines require solution of the following tasks: improvement of mass-size indicators, cost reduction and design improvement, increase of reliability, etc. One of the main tasks of transport vehicles is also reducing the level of engine vibrations. This task is especially relevant for internal combustion engines with disconnected cylinders. When cylinders are disconnected, the unevenness of total torque increases from working processes in active cylinders and, as a result, the unevenness of the engine stroke, which affects the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle as a whole. To solve this problem, the general provisions of torsional momentum unevenness of internal combustion engines were considered. Total torsional torque of different engines was processed and data on the unevenness of torsional torque was obtained. The method of investigating the influence of cylinder switching, particularly the number of active cylinders on the unevenness of total torque is developed. The notion of torsional torque change degree with cylinder disconnection is introduced and the equation for its determination depending on the number of active cylinders is proposed. The notion of torsional torque coefficient change at disconnection of cylinders is also introduced. The application of the calculation of a four-cylinder inline engine for the possibility to compare changes in the torsional momentum unevenness when the cylinders are disconnected in the given engine was made. As a result of the calculations it was found that the torque unevenness coefficient at operation of the engine with 3, 2 and 1 cylinders in the average increases in 1,5; 2 and 3 times. The results of calculations were analyzed and histograms for all possible values of the number of active cylinders have been provided.

To the Question of the Financial Marketplace

Currently, the development of financial technologies, digital transformation and digital inequality in the Russian Federation are among the most important issues that require solution and assessment of their impact on the development and competitiveness of financial organizations, the development of the regional economy and the national economy as a whole. Analysis of scientific approaches, practical and analytical materials, with all their diversity, confirm the insufficiency and need for further research of the development of financial technologies, including the development and use of financial platforms. The article discusses various approaches to understanding what is called a financial or banking marketplace. The author provides his definition of this concept. The study examined the existing and possible issues associated with the implementation of the «Marketplace» project initiated by the Bank of Russia, that would help overcome the digital inequality and develop a competitive environment in the financial sector.

THE ROLE OF REPENTANCE OF CONVICTS IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR CORRECTION AND RESOCIALIZATION

At present, the humanization of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine is carried out through the development and implementation of milder measures of punishment, reduction of sentences for certain crimes, the introduction of alternatives to imprisonment, such as probation. All this requires more serious and comprehensive socio-psychological research on the development and implementation of a wide range of pedagogical and socio-psychological methods of influencing the personality, group, team of convicts. Promising, in our opinion, is the psychological change in the personality of the convict by bringing him to sincere conscious repentance, reconciliation with the victim. This approach will help to correct the convict and positively influence his resocialization and create conditions for successful socialization. The purpose of our study was to determine the role and place of repentance in the process of serving a sentence by convicts and to identify the positive impact of repentance on correction and resocialization, reducing the risk of repeated wrongful acts by persons serving sentences in penal institutions. To achieve this goal, we used the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, observation, questioning, psychodiagnostics testing, extended interviews. The study was conducted in the period from 2010 to 2016 in the correctional colonies of the Donetsk region. It was attended by 3,400 clients of correctional system and 280 employees of penitentiary institutions. In the course of our research, we discovered: at present, views on the concept of "repentance" can be divided into creative, religious, philosophical, socio-psychological, pedagogical, legal; the legal interpretation of the concept of "effective repentance" and its application in the practice of justice revealed a number of problems that require solution; repentance in the psychological and pedagogical sense can be viewed as: an integral part of moral self-improvement; the acquisition of a new spiritual, moral, psychological quality of the person; the life position of the individual in relation to the world, people, his own place in life; the formation of other positive, socially recognized values; an indicator of moral maturity, spiritual and mental health.In this article we offer our own view on the role and place of repentance in the process of correction and resocialization of clients of correctional system. Scientific research of this problem is very important in a methodological sense not only for the penitentiary service, including the work of psychologists in penitentiary institutions, but also for social educators and social workers. It will contribute to the solution of general and special issues of the psychological and pedagogical process of the execution of sentences by employees of penitentiary institutions and the social and psychological process of serving sentences by convicts, will help create reliable conditions for the protection of human rights, civil liberties, including people who are serving sentences.

The methodologist staff in central libraries of the Russian Federation subjects

The relevance of the paper topic is due to the need to study the personnel situation in the methodological departments of the central libraries (CB) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) in the context of sociocultural transformations and active development of digital technologies. The article objective is to present to the library community the results of the study ”Personnel of methodologists in the central libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation” and subsequent observations of the work of the methodological departments of the regions. It reflects the analysis results of quantitative, job, age composition of the personnel, the educational level of specialists, functional changes in methodological units, the system of advanced training of methodologists, and problems of demanded educational activities. The staffing potential level is quite high in most libraries, because methodologists belong to a promising age group of 55 years with higher education, broad competences, sufficient work experience, regularly updating their knowledge. At the same time, the author concerns the staff small number and further reduction in its number, the lack of opportunities to fill vacancies, the uneven workload of methodologists by a number of supervised libraries, the lack of standards for staffing special structural units and methodology to determine them, as well as the optimal structure of units. Methodists perform a wide range of responsibilities, being universal specialists, competent on various issues. There is a complication and increase in the requirements for methodical activities. 97,9 % of methodologists have higher education, but their large part does not have a special library education. Methodists receive regular training, but there are virtually no special training courses for methodologists in the training system. The identified problems require solution at coordinating the efforts of the methodological centers and state support.

RESEARCH COMPETENCY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The aim of the article is to provide a justification for the introduction of “research competency” concept and to describe the ways of its formation among students of higher medical institution, based on the experience of the Students' Scientific Society (SSS) work at the Department of Internal Medicine 3 of State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”. The need to implement the research competency in the medical students training is substantiated in this article on the base of current legislation of Ukraine and today's requirements. A SSS work at a clinical department is analysed as one of the possible ways of the research competency acquisition, with the aspects that contributes to the development of the desired skills as well as those that may impede its mastery. Research work is a powerful impetus to the motivation to learn, as it directs students to scientific research. During working at SSS, students learn how to make a literary search, critically assimilate and assess of primary research literature and formulate a scientific problem, which require solution. At next step, they choose and apply the appropriate research methods that could be used in solving this problem. And finally, participants comprehend the statistics and process the obtained data followed by their scientific papers presentation in literary scientific sources or conferences. The work at SSS helps graduates be more competitive in today's job market as it brings up and cultivates professionally required qualities, including teamwork, ability to manage time and workload properly, an understanding of medical ethics and a range of communication skills. Currently, working in a SSS remains one of the best available options for introduction of the research competency in the training of the medical students, but it does not provide complete involvement of all undergraduate students, as required by the law of Ukraine.

Políticas para la gestión de la educación pública obligatoria en Uruguay

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the management of public education policies in Uruguay, taking as a reference time frame, two relevant milestones: (i) the period 1995-2004, which we will call “Rama Reform,” and (ii) the period 2005-2018, which we will call "FA Administration". To analyze both periods we have used a model developed by Joan Subirats, which defines a series of moments in the public policy cycles,which in this case, we will associate with the educational ones. From this perspective, public policies are considered a “continuous flow of decisions and procedures that are intended to make sense” (Subirats et al., 2012, p. 33). This perspective allows us to establish some common parameters from which to analyze two different historical moments: identify the hierarchical issues as "relevant" or "problematic" that require solution; place the place that these issues took on the national public agenda; analyze the formulation and management of programs that emerged, and identify the evaluation proposals that were defined and implemented to monitor and evaluate their impact. This model addressed substantial issues on the educational agenda within the mandatory range. For their implementation, all the analyzed innovative components required the revision of current regulations and the strengthening of management. This study identifies articulation and disruption processes that were generated between both cycles, as a way of analyzing local capacities to produce synergies between the different innovative processes implemented during the last decades.

Quantum Mechanics and its (Dis)Contents

Richard Healey and Simon Friederich have each advocated a pragmatist interpretation of quantum mechanics as a way to dissolve its foundational problems. The idea is that if the way quantum claims are used are concentrated on, the foundational problems of quantum mechanics cannot be formulated, and so do not require solution. Their central contention is that the content of quantum claims differs from the content of non-quantum claims, in that the former is prescriptive whereas the latter is descriptive. Healey also argues that claims about non-decoherent systems are largely devoid of content. Chapter 9 considers various objections to these claims, noting in particular the ways in which the application of pragmatism to quantum mechanics differs from previous examples of pragmatist ‘therapy.’ It concludes that a pragmatist dissolution of the foundational difficulties of quantum mechanics is promising, but requires fairly radical changes to our understanding of the content of propositions and the extent of physical explanation.

Sampling Scenario Set Partition Dual Bounds for Multistage Stochastic Programs

We consider multistage stochastic programming problems in which the random parameters have finite support, leading to optimization over a finite scenario set. There has been recent interest in dual bounds for such problems, of two types. One, known as expected group subproblem objective (EGSO) bounds, require solution of a group subproblem, which optimizes over a subset of the scenarios, for all subsets of the scenario set that have a given cardinality. Increasing the subset cardinality in the group subproblem improves bound quality, (EGSO bounds form a hierarchy), but the number of group subproblems required to compute the bound increases very rapidly. Another is based on partitions of the scenario set into subsets. Combining the values of the group subproblems for all subsets in a partition yields a partition bound. In this paper, we consider partitions into subsets of (nearly) equal cardinality. We show that the expected value of the partition bound over all such partitions also forms a hierarchy. To make use of these bounds in practice, we propose random sampling of partitions and suggest two enhancements to the approach: sampling partitions that align with the multistage scenario tree structure and use of an auxiliary optimization problem to discover new best bounds based on the values of group subproblems already computed. We establish the effectiveness of these ideas with computational experiments on benchmark problems. Finally, we give a heuristic to save computational effort by ceasing computation of a partition partway through if it appears unpromising.

Angiogenesis mechanisms in transplantation of tissue-engineered constructions

There is a number of problems regarding bioengineered structures creation that require further study in the fi eld of regenerative medicine. One of the critical tasks that require solution is the fact that tissue engineered constructions, as a rule, are large, which signifi cantly limits the possibility of diffusion of nutrients and oxygen in them. Thus, the key task of fundamental medicine is to fi nd a technology for restoring the perfusion of the structures created. The article presents a modern overview of the mechanisms of angiogenesis and possible ways of its stimulation during transplantation of tissue engineered constructions.

Governing of the Water Supply and Water Disposal Systems Safety and Effectiveness Level

Issues of safe and effective functioning of the water supply and water disposal systems have been considered. We proposed to treat safety of the water supply and water disposal systems as a notion to be depicted with a set of characteristics. The system and retrospective analysis of the water supply and water disposal systems’functioning at the stages of water transporting, water treatment, and waste water treatment has been conducted. Reserves of the water supply and water disposal systems’ effectiveness and safety increasing have been found. It was demonstrated that complexity and dynamics of the processes occurring in the water supply and water disposal systems require solution of both operative and strategic tasks that are to be described by the proper parameters. A number of parameters to describe the mentioned components of the water supply and water disposal systems have been proposed. For the first time the reasons for combining partial and integral parameters that enable to pass to development of the dynamic model for governing the processes occurring at the different stages of the water supply and water disposal systems’ functioning have been given.