Tenor of Discourse and Modality Examination in Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah

This study has examined the tenor of discourse and modality in two excerpts from Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah. The study aims at decoding the writer’s subtly encoded messages through both the interrelationships established among the participants of the selected excerpts and his use of modality. To attain such objectives, the investigation uses the descriptive quantitative and qualitative methodology. The research has arrived at valuable findings. Among several others presented in the subsection entitled interpretation of findings, the study has unveiled that power among the participants of the excerpts is unequal, contact infrequent, and affective involvement low. The tenor or social role relationship played by such participants as Major Sam, Chris Oriko, and Ikem Osodi is a formal one describing a formal situation. This implies that Achebe’s message in these excerpts is a serious one depictive of the real political unrest and the dominantly unmanageable discontent of Nigerians by the time he wrote these texts. The social role relationship carried out by the salespeople and their potential customers depict an informal tenor highlighting Achebe’s claim for a change in the Nigerians’ mind, and indirectly in the Africans’ ways of life. The overriding use of modalization over modulation in the analyzed excerpts highlights the way the writer creates a less authoritative, more suggestive tenor balancing, by this means, the power inequality inherent in the modulation.

The Impact of Cultural and Translational Studies on Modern Comparative Literature Studies

Modern comparative literature with globalization phenomenon extends linguistic and political boundaries, even for conserving and revitalizing languages particularly minor languages with cultural and ethnic exchanges. Such this emergence of comparative literature might return from contemporary translational and cultural studies as crucial and effective factors in the study of comparative literature. The role, relationship, and impact of translation and cultural studies on modern comparative literature are explored via a descriptive analysis. Translational and cultural studies in current comparative literature studies facilitate the relevant studies and they play a supplementary role for literary study. This study confirms a significant relationship exists among contemporary translational, cultural, and literary works intangibly and inevitably that helps to study comparative literary works. The findings report cultural and translational studies can be fruity informing literary studies, new writing styles besides intercultural conversation; nevertheless, scholars of comparative literature have argued that their discipline has been significantly subsumed and substituted by translation studies. The results indicate contemporary translation and cultural studies have paved the way for comparative literature researchers to achieve cultural knowledge and to strengthen the culture with developing national literature.

A Case Study of Code-Switching among Thai Waiters in a Cambridge, UK Restaurant

This study explores Thai bilingual speakers’ code-switching in a formal work setting. Although code-switching may appear to be random, there is an underlying choice which speakers decide upon when switching between languages: Language proficiency, the initial speaker’s language choice, the setting, and role relationships all contribute to these choices. This study investigates the factors contributing to code-switch decisions by participants within their specific work environment. The main findings show that adopting one language over the other depends on two main factors: first, the initial sequence of the interaction; second, the role relationship that the participants wish to maintain. This study has drawn upon the conversational approach and Auer’s sequential analysis to collect and interpret data from ethno-graphic observations, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews.

FENOMENA BAHASA RESMI DALAM DOMAIN PENDIDIKAN

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui situasi tutur dalam pemakaian bahasa resmi pada domain pendidikan. Untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah tiga video dari situs jejaring youtube yaitu; Pertama youtube Mwira Albarizi yang berjudul Juara 2 Video Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMPN Banjit. Kedua, youtube SDN 1 Pringsewu Selatan yang berjudul Video Rapat Dewan Guru SD Negeri 1 Pringsewu Selatan. Ketiga, youtube Yoga 17 yang berjudul Contoh Video Negosiasi (Tugas Bahasa Indonesia) X MIPA 2. Data penelitian ini berupa kata-kata dan kalimat yang diucapkan oleh penutur dan mitra tutur yang ada dalam tanyangan video. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak-cata. Teknik analisis data yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) penyajian data, (2) reduksi data, dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pemakaian bahasa resmi pada domain pendidikan ditentukan dari tiga situasi yakni, hubungan peran, tempat peristiwa tutur, dan topik pembicaraan. Dalam pemakaian bahasa resmi pada domain pendidikan hubungan peran ini terjadi pada pendidik dengan peserta didik, kepala sekolah dengan dewan guru, dan antar teman. Tempat peristiwa tutur terjadi dalam domain pendidikan, seperti di dalam kelas, di ruang rapat, dan di lingkugan sekolah. Topik pembicaraan yang ditemukan sudah sesuai dengan pemakaian bahasa resmi dalam ranah pendidikan.KATA KUNCI: Bahasa Resmi; Domain Pendidikan; Sosiolinguistik THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE PHENOMENON IN THE EDUCATION DOMAIN ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the situation of speech in the use use of official languages in the education domain. To fulfill that goal, this research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data source of this research is three videos from the youtube website namely; First, youtube Mwira Albarizi entitled Juara 2 Video Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMPN Banjit. Second, youtube SDN 1 Pringsewu Selatan entitled Video Rapat Dewan Guru SD Negeri 1 Pringsewu Selatan. Third, youtube Yoga 17 entitled Contoh Video Negosiasi (Tugas Bahasa Indonesia) X MIPA 2. The research data are in the form of words and sentences spoken by speakers and speech partners in the video. The technique of collecting data is done by listening-note it. Data analysis techniques used in this study are; (1) presenting data, (2) data reduction, and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the use of official language in the education domain is determined from three situations namely, the role relationship, the place off speech, and the topic conversation. In the use of official languages in the education domain this role relationship occurs in educators with students, principals with the teacher council, and between friends. The scene of the speech occur in the education domain, such as in classroom, in meeting rooms, and in school environments. The topic of conversation was found to be appropriate for the use of official languages in the education domain.KEYWORDS: Official Language; Education Domain; Sociolinguistic

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PATTERNS OF GRIEF: IDENTIFYING DIFFERENCES THROUGH EXISTING EVIDENCES

Background: Grief is mainly associated with loss of a loved one, however taking an extended approach grief can also be seen among those who are surviving dreadful illness diseases. Methods: The present article reviews the concept of grief with this extended approach and examines the existing evidences. The research papers, essays and case examples are examined for identifying expressions of grief on the basis of demographic characteristics i.e. gender, age, role/relationship and social position of the deceased as well as bereaved person. Grief has also been examined in related to the culture of the family and wider society. Grief of the person-in-situation i.e. survivors of terminal illness and victims of crime is discussed in light of research ndings and case examples. Results: The close examination of the evidences reviewed in this article highlighted the differences in expressions of grief on the basis of age, gender, social roles, cultural context and social ethos suggesting that grief is socially and culturally patterned. Conclusion: People experience grief differently which impact their adaptation to the loss. It is important to understand the cause and process of grief to prepare an action plan for the bereaved members.

RBD targeted COVID vaccine and full length spike-protein vaccine (mutation and glycosylation role) relationship with procoagulant effect

Related COVID vaccine production many different strategies was followed by the producers. Observing some rare event of thrombosis after some COVID-19 vaccination, it is interesting to verify if the Target used for the manufacturing can be involved in a different procoagulant activity or not. Some vaccine are suspended in some country or under a deep new verify- investigation by the regulatory agency. (EU or USA). This fact it is relevant. The target SPIKE-PROTEIN FULL LENGTH modified or not or towards the RBD domain can be a relevant factor.

Fenomena Bahasa Resmi dalam Domain Pendidikan

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui situasi tutur dalam pemakaian bahasa resmi pada domain pendidikan. Untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah tiga video dari situs jejaring youtube yaitu; Pertama youtube Mwira Albarizi yang berjudul Juara 2 Video Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMPN Banjit. Kedua, youtube SDN 1 Pringsewu Selatan yang berjudul Video Rapat Dewan Guru SD Negeri 1 Pringsewu Selatan. Ketiga, youtube Yoga 17 yang berjudul Contoh Video Negosiasi (Tugas Bahasa Indonesia) X MIPA 2. Data penelitian ini berupa kata-kata dan kalimat yang diucapkan oleh penutur dan mitra tutur yang ada dalam tanyangan video. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak-cata. Teknik analisis data yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) penyajian data, (2) reduksi data, dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pemakaian bahasa resmi pada domain pendidikan ditentukan dari tiga situasi yakni, hubungan peran, tempat peristiwa tutur, dan topik pembicaraan. Dalam pemakaian bahasa resmi pada domain pendidikan hubungan peran ini terjadi pada pendidik dengan peserta didik, kepala sekolah dengan dewan guru, dan antar teman. Tempat peristiwa tutur terjadi dalam domain pendidikan, seperti di dalam kelas, di ruang rapat, dan di lingkugan sekolah. Topik pembicaraan yang ditemukan sudah sesuai dengan pemakaian bahasa resmi dalam ranah pendidikan.KATA KUNCI: Bahasa Resmi; Domain Pendidikan; Sosiolinguistik THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE PHENOMENON IN THE EDUCATION DOMAIN ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the situation of speech in the use use of official languages in the education domain. To fulfill that goal, this research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data source of this research is three videos from the youtube website namely; First, youtube Mwira Albarizi entitled Juara 2 Video Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMPN Banjit. Second, youtube SDN 1 Pringsewu Selatan entitled Video Rapat Dewan Guru SD Negeri 1 Pringsewu Selatan. Third, youtube Yoga 17 entitled Contoh Video Negosiasi (Tugas Bahasa Indonesia) X MIPA 2. The research data are in the form of words and sentences spoken by speakers and speech partners in the video. The technique of collecting data is done by listening-note it. Data analysis techniques used in this study are; (1) presenting data, (2) data reduction, and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the use of official language in the education domain is determined from three situations namely, the role relationship, the place off speech, and the topic conversation. In the use of official languages in the education domain this role relationship occurs in educators with students, principals with the teacher council, and between friends. The scene of the speech occur in the education domain, such as in classroom, in meeting rooms, and in school environments. The topic of conversation was found to be appropriate for the use of official languages in the education domain.KEYWORDS: Official Language; Education Domain; Sociolinguistic

Slang Words in Me, and Earl, and The Dying Girl Novel: Type and Interpretation

As a written representation of society, novel contains sociolinguistic issues which deserve a comprehensive analysis one of which is the use of slang words. This study explored slang words used in Me and Earl and the Dying Girl, a novel written by Jesse Andrews. The aims of this study were to categorize types of slang words used in the novel and to explain the interpretations of them. The data were collected from the dialogues in the novel. Using qualitative approach, the writer used the theory of Chapman (1988) to classify the data into their types. To explain the interpretations of slang words, the writer analyzed the role relationship among the speakers, the way the actors speak, and the meaning of each slang word found using slang dictionaries. The analysis reveals that as the relationship among the actors are equal and they naturally raise within the community, actors in the novel dominantly use primary slang words. Conversation using secondary slang words take place when the actors are not engaged within the community.Keywords: Novel, Slang Words, Sociolinguistics

A study on interpersonal meaning negotiated teacher-students classroom interaction in vocational high school

Interaction and teaching learning process are two things that cannot be separated. Interaction is a main point or component in communication. Communication skill has to be mastered by students including Vocational students because they need this skill as preparation for their professional work in the future. A good communication is when it has meaning in interaction. Halliday & Matthiessen, (2014) stated that there are three potential meanings, one of them are interpersonal meaning. This study was aimed to analyse interpersonal meaning between teacher and students in the eleventh grade of SMKN 2 Purwokerto and how it construct their role through various kinds of interaction. There were two activities in gathering the data of this study: observation and interview. In analyzing the data, the researcher used Mood system proposed by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004). Theory from Harmer (2001) and Johnson and Paulston (1976, cited in Richard and Rogers 1986) also used to analyze the role relationship between teacher and students. The findings showed that teacher and students produced three types of speech functions (Mood clause) besides Non-typical Mood Clause and Minor clause. In the class, both teacher and students applied different types of classroom interaction in which they took many roles. It can be concluded that teacher and students delivered various types of clause, classroom interaction, and roles during the teaching learning process.

Kinship terminology in the Tamiang language: A Malay variety spoken in Eastern Aceh, Indonesia

This qualitative research examines kinship terms in the Tamiang language and the strategies of selection of the terms by its speakers. The data for this research were obtained through questionnaire, and interview from eight informants living in Bendahara Sub-District, Kejuruan Muda Sub-District, Karang Baru Sub-District, and Seruway Sub-District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, the Aceh Province. Observation was also done on the use of some of the kinship terms directly by the people in the speech community. This observation took place while the authors were socializing with the speakers in the research location. The results showed that the kinship terms in the Tamiang language are based on consanguinity and affinity. The kinship terms in the language also refer to birth order. Then, the strategies of the selection of kinship terms in the Tamiang language are based on kinship, age, gender, and descent, especially in terms of a speech event. Viewed role relationships, the terms addressed to men/women in the third layer of vertical relationships are not different. The horizontal relationship indicating the position of siblings and wife/husband is equal. The horizontal role relationship of cousins in the Tamiang language is limited to the third order. This study is very urgent since the study on kinship terms in the Tamiang language has not been conducted comprehensively before. Complete terms used to address family members in the Tamiang language are provided in this study, and it can be one of the resources for further research in the same field of study.