scholarly journals Identification of plant diseases and distinct approaches for their management

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovepreet Kaur ◽  
Shiwani Guleria Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Agricultural Yield

Abstract Background Globally in the agricultural industry the major loss faced by is due to plant diseases. Various pathogens are responsible for causing plant bacterial and viral diseases, the treatment of them is very important in order to bring out the best quality and quantity of the agricultural yield. Before Technology came into practice the plant disease were identified by visual examination, the main symptoms such as curling of leaves and change of colour were observed. With advancements in science the microscopic examination for more clarity regarding diseases came into existence. Main body The distinct methods involve use of nucleic acids and serological assays were implemented to study bacterial and viral characteristics of the infecting pathogen. Traditionally, seed coating and mulching techniques were more common among farmers to generate better quality of the crops and prevent plants from any disease but currently new innovative methods are used. Microbial bio control agents are now one of the widely used approach in which microbial species are used to eliminate or inhibit the growth of pathogens in order to reduce the severity of the infection. Similarly, like microbial agent’s different chemicals are present in order to kill the pathogens. These chemicals are classified as bactericides, fungicides and nematicides which suppress the plant infection caused by bacteria, fungal and nematodes, respectively. Conclusions In the forthcoming years, the development of more innovative agricultural-related techniques is prime that will help in increase of the yield and provides resistance to plants. Some of them are developed earlier but there is still need to develop more pathogen-resistant species for example in case of silencing of genes with insertion of a viral segment.

Plant Diseases Detection Using Nanowire as Biosensor Transducer

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul A.B. Ariffin ◽  
Tijjani Adam ◽  
U. Hashim ◽  
S. Faridah Sfaridah ◽  
Ishak Zamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Biosensor Application ◽  
Papaya Ring Spot Virus ◽  
Ring Spot

The plant disease such as Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is a most dangerous disease that can decrease productivity and quality of the vegetable and fruit. Besides that, its also can destroy and kill those plant in long term when infected and to tackle this problem at early stages, the nanowire based biosensor application is a most reliable sensor nowadays because of advantages towards detecting biological molecule especially plant diseases.In order to dealing with tiny form of molecules such as virus is very difficult and due to the nanostructure uniqueness such as nanowire, it can be done by undergo formation of nanowire process.Result will be elaborated about how nanowire working environment in order to detecting those virus.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Model for Plant Disease Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 750-754
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Convolution Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Food is one of the basic needs of human being. We know that the population is rising enormously.so it is more important to feed such a huge population. But nowadays plants are largely affected with various types of diseases. If proper care should not be taken then it will show effect on quality of food products, quantity and finally on productivity of crops.. so, Early detection of plant disease is very essential, but it is very hard to farmers to monitor the crops manually it takes more processing time, huge amount of work, expensive and need expertised persons. Automatic detection of plant diseases helps the farmers to monitor the large fields easily,because our approach of using convolution neural networks provides a chance to discover diseases at the very early stage. By using Image Processing and machine learning models we can detect the plant diseases automatically but the accuracy is very less, early detection is also a major challenge. With the modern advanced developments in deep learning, in our project we have implemented the convolution neural networks(CNN) which comprises of different layers,by using those layers we can automatically detect and classify the diseases present in the plants. High Classification accuracy and more processing speed are the main advantages of our approach. After training the model on color, grayscale and segmented datasets our deep learning model will be capable of classifying a large number of different diseases and our project gives us the name of the disease that the plant has with its confidence level and also provides remedies for corresponding diseases

Fusion Approach-Based Horticulture Plant Diseases Identification Using Image Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishna K.
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Fusion Approach

Plant disease is the major threat to the productivity of the plants. Identification of the plant diseases is the key to prevent the losses in the productivity and quality of the yield. It is a very challenging task to identify diseases detection on the plant for sustainable agriculture, where it requires a tremendous amount of work, expertise in the plant disease, and also requires excessive processing time. Hence, image processing is used here for detection of diseases in multi-horticulture plants such as alternaria alternata, anthracnose, bacterial blight, and cercospora leaf spot and also addition with the healthy leaves. In the first stage, the leaf is classified as healthy or unhealthy using the KNN approach. In the second stage, they classify the unhealthy leaf using PNN, SVM, and the KNN approach. The features are like GLCM, Gabor, and color are used for classification purposes. Experimentation is conducted on the authors own dataset of 820 healthy and unhealthy leaves. The experimentation reveals that the fusion approach with PNN and SVM classifier outperforms KNN methods.

scholarly journals Plant Leaf Disease Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1295-1305
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi Monigari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Processing Techniques

The Indian economy relies heavily on agriculture productivity. A lot is at stake when a plant is struck with a disease that causes a significant loss in production, economic losses, and a reduction in the quality and quantity of agricultural products. It is crucial to identify plant diseases in order to prevent the loss of agricultural yield and quantity. Currently, more and more attention has been paid to plant diseases detection in monitoring the large acres of crops. Monitoring the health of the plants and detecting diseases is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Plant diseases are challenging to monitor manually as it requires a great deal of work, expertise on plant diseases, and excessive processing time. Hence, this can be achieved by utilizing image processing techniques for plant disease detection. These techniques include image acquisition, image filtering, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Convolutional Neural Network’s(CNN) are the state of the art in image recognition and have the ability to give prompt and definitive diagnoses. We trained a deep convolutional neural network using 20639 images on 15 folders of diseased and healthy plant leaves. This project aims to develop an optimal and more accurate method for detecting diseases of plants by analysing leaf images.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

scholarly journals Deep insights into urinary tract infections and effective natural remedies

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz ◽  
Sareh Darvishi Fork ◽  
Reza Ahmadi ◽  
Bahman Khameneh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Time Limitations

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common occurrence in females, during pregnancy, and in peri- and postmenopausal women. UTIs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and they affect the quality of life of the affected patients. Antibiotic therapy is an effective approach and reduces the duration of symptoms. Development of resistance, adverse effects of antibiotics, and other associated problems lead to establishing the research framework to find out the alternative approaches in controlling UTIs. Natural approaches have been extensively used for the management of various diseases to improve symptoms and also improve general health. Main body Different databases were employed to identify studies reporting on natural options including herbal medicines, vitamins, trace elementals, sugars, and probiotics without time limitations. Conclusion Herbal medicines can be effective at the first sign of the infection and also for short-term prophylaxis. Using vitamins, trace elementals, and/or sugars is an effective approach in preventing UTIs, and a combination of them with other antibacterial agents shows positive results. Probiotics have great potential for the threat of antibiotic over-usage and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This study may be of use in developing the efficient formulation of treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals A guide to do randomized controlled trials in the field of otolaryngology

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh M. Zamzam ◽  
Mosaad Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Atef ◽  
Usama Abdel-Naseer ◽  
Mostafa Hamoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Based Medicine

Abstract Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are prospective comparative studies in which study groups are allocated randomly to intervention or serve as controls. RCT is the mainstay to achieve evidence in the literature in clinical research. A RCT is the main research design to study the effect of an intervention and the only way to confirm the value of a new treatment. Main body RCT also gives the way to generate meta-analyses and systematic reviews giving a stronger evidence for clinical practice. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is crucial for safe, effective, and standardized patient care. Although there is an agreement on the importance of performing RCT, it can be challenging to do it efficiently including different aspects like study design, funding, randomization, blinding, follow-up, data analysis, statistics, generalization of results, and reporting of quality of the studies. Conclusion In this article, we gave a comprehensive review for RCT in otolaryngology discussing their importance, advantages, and drawbacks, types, steps, challenges, reporting their quality and their prevalence in the literature.

scholarly journals Importance of immunoglobulin therapy for COVID-19 patients with lymphocytopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba K. Nabih
Keyword(s):  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). With the increased number of infected and dead victims daily all over the world, it becomes necessary to stop or overcome its rapid spread. Main body Although the production of vaccine or even specified effective anti-virus may take about six months to a year, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may be clinically used as a safe treatment to save and improve the quality of life of patients with a variety of immunodeficiency diseases such as lymphocytopenia, which is a common clinical feature in COVID-19. Conclusion Through the current review, it was concluded that this passive immunization may promote the immunity to better fight against the virus, so the survival of the patients could be kept longer. The efficacy of immunotherapy with IVIg would be greater if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from convalescent plasma therapy.

scholarly journals Extension Plant Pathology: Strengthening Resources to Continue Serving the Public Interest

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Everts ◽  
L. Osborne ◽  
A. J. Gevens ◽  
S. J. Vasquez ◽  
B. K. Gugino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Extension plant pathologists deliver science-based information that protects the economic value of agricultural and horticultural crops in the United States by educating growers and the general public about plant diseases. Extension plant pathologists diagnose plant diseases and disorders, provide advice, and conduct applied research on local and regional plant disease problems. During the last century, extension plant pathology programs have adjusted to demographic shifts in the U.S. population and to changes in program funding. Extension programs are now more collaborative and more specialized in response to a highly educated clientele. Changes in federal and state budgets and policies have also reduced funding and shifted the source of funding of extension plant pathologists from formula funds towards specialized competitive grants. These competitive grants often favor national over local and regional plant disease issues and typically require a long lead time to secure funding. These changes coupled with a reduction in personnel pose a threat to extension plant pathology programs. Increasing demand for high-quality, unbiased information and the continued reduction in local, state, and federal funds is unsustainable and, if not abated, will lead to a delay in response to emerging diseases, reduce crop yields, increase economic losses, and place U.S. agriculture at a global competitive disadvantage. In this letter, we outline four recommendations to strengthen the role and resources of extension plant pathologists as they guide our nation's food, feed, fuel, fiber, and ornamental producers into an era of increasing technological complexity and global competitiveness.

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