activity restrictions
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Author(s):  
Tai-Yuan Chen ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen ◽  
Mingyi Hung

AbstractMotivated by international business research on institutional arbitrage and headquarters–subsidiary relationships, we examine the effect of regulatory distance on multinational banks’ (MNBs) reporting transparency abroad. Using an international sample of foreign subsidiary banks in 46 host countries from 47 home countries, we find that bank transparency declines when the home countries have tighter activity restrictions than the host countries. We bolster the causal inference using difference-in-differences designs that take advantage of banking reforms and cross-border bank acquisitions. We also find that the result is more pronounced when parent banks have lower capital ratios or when host countries have weaker supervisory power, suggesting that parent banks use opaque reporting to conceal risk-taking abroad. Further analysis finds that less transparent subsidiaries are more likely to fail during financial crises. Overall, our findings suggest that regulatory distance creates negative externalities for bank transparency and stability abroad.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-449
Author(s):  
Salman Abdul Muthalib ◽  
Tarmizi M. Jakfar ◽  
Muhammad Maulana ◽  
Lukman Hakim

Covid-19 has changed the habits of almost all activities of human life, including religious matters. The worship practices have also changed, such as performing prayers at home, keeping distant rows, and wearing masks. This paper is empirical legal research that seeks to examine the living law in the Aceh society with a maqashid shari’a perpective during a pandemic. The data collection techniques were interview, observation, and document study. It concludes that the government policies, including the 2020 Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB), the 2021 Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM), fatwas of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and Tausiyah of Acehnese Ulema regulating and calling for restrictions on religious activities are rules with benefit values and in accordance with the principle of maqasid al-shari'a. Despite some people's rejection, the policies are, in fact, based on maqasid al-shari'a, namely protecting the life (hifz al-nafs) so that people will not get infected by the virus. Moreover, public safety is the highest law purpose to maintain. The policies also prove the state's role through the rule when conditions endanger the community in addition to avoiding harms as a part of Islamic law orders. (Covid-19 telah mengubah kebiasaan hampir seluruh aktivitas kehidupan manusia, mulai dari ekonomi, sosial, budaya, pendidikan bahkan agama. Pada aspek agama aktivitas ibadah juga mengalami perubahan misalnya himbauan shalat di rumah, menjaga jarak saf dan memakai masker. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang berupaya menelaah hukum sebagaimana yang terjadi dalam realitas masyarakat dengan pendekatan hukum Islam saat pandemi. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pada awalnya himbauan sebagai pemerintah tidak secara menyeluruh diikuti oleh masyarakat karena setiap daerah berbeda tingkat penularan dan kondisi covid terjadi. Setelah aturan PPKM 2021 diterapkan hal ini relatif teratur termasuk di Aceh karena dibedakan empat level dan berdasarkan tingkat penularan dan korban yaitu, merah, orange, kuning dan hijau. Kebijakan pemerintah agar tidak salat jamaah di masjid pada saat kondisi penularannya tinggi sebenarnya mengacu pada konsep maqashid syari’ah yaitu menjaga jiwa (hifz al-nafs) agar masyarakat tidak tertular virus. Meskipun sebagian masyarakat khusus daerah atau kabupaten yang tingkat penularannya rendah menganggap bahwa shalat berjamaah di masjid tetap harus dilakukan dengan pertimbangan menjaga agama (hifz al-din) sesuai protokol kesehatan. Namun patut dicatat kebijakan pemerintah tersebut mengandung kemaslahatan yang bertujuan untuk menghindari kemudharatan dan menolak bahaya sebagaimana disebutkan dalam kaidah fikih. Sehingga menghindarkan diri dari kemudharatan dan taat kepada pemerintah juga merupakan perintah syariat Islam.)


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Meirza Nanda Faradita ◽  
Kunti Dian Ayu Afiani

Learning activity during public activity restrictions at Muhammadiyah Elementary School, Taman Sub-district, Sidoarjo Regency, is carried out through online learning; however, teachers at SD Muhammadiyah Taman continue to face a number of challenges in this teaching and learning activity. This research aims to examine online learning implementation during the public activity restrictions. There are still many teachers who lack an understanding of science and technology, let alone old or traditional teachers who make online learning uninteresting. This research applied the survey research method. Data were collected using an open questionnaire accessible via Google Forms. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. There were 97 teachers at SD Muhammadiyah Taman who filled out the questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire responses, 70.1% had implemented online learning. The issue during online learning was that many students did not have their own mobile phones or laptops because their siblings were still using them for online learning or their parents were still using them for work, so teachers felt that the material presented could not be fully absorbed by the students. Meanwhile, parents struggled with not being able to control their children when learning at home, which differed from face-to-face learning at school


Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan P. Dykes

AbstractLandslides involving peat are relatively common in Ireland, upland areas of Great Britain and subantarctic islands. Bogflows and bog slides are less common types of peat failure and almost unknown outside Ireland. Unusually, three of these occurred in 2020 including one bogflow at a windfarm that gained much adverse media attention, and a small but damaging peat slide was also reported. The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to which the new bog slide and bogflows are consistent with previous examples in terms of their contexts, characteristics and possible causes, particularly relating to commercial forestry operations. Aerial video footage of all three landslides obtained by local people using drones, and ground-based footage of one of them in progress, allowed a detailed examination of their characteristics and contexts to be made despite the global travel and activity restrictions caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The windfarm bogflow appears to have resulted from removal of toe support by an earlier peat flow that was itself probably caused by construction of an access road; the other two landslides were most likely triggered by rainfall. All three are consistent with previous examples of their respective types in their general characteristics and appear to be associated with well-known causal factors including hydrological, topographic and/or forestry influences. Forestry operations probably contributed to the occurrence of two of the landslides and restricted the expansion of two of them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Nuh Aulya Sari Lubis ◽  
Reni Ria Armayani ◽  
Faizatun Nisa’ ◽  
Aldy Fernando ◽  
Deva Kumala Sari

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many had a very large and bad impact on life, especially for traders, both small traders and small traders, not only that, the implementation of community activity restrictions (PPKM) resulted in traders not being allowed to sell during the PPKM level. One of the impacts of the implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) is the impact on street vendors around Merdeka Walk (PKL) in the city of Medan. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) Levels I-IV on the Income of Merdeka Walk Street Vendors in Medan City, the research method in this study uses a qualitative method with data collection by interview. The results of interviews with street vendors on the income of street vendors around Merdeka Walk Medan. Keywords: PPKM, Income, Street Vendor


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 359-359
Author(s):  
Jiayun Xu ◽  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Yisheng Peng ◽  
Scott Beach

Abstract A recent study by our team showed that family discord about care provision among multiple family caregivers was a significant predictor of caregiver burden, anxiety, depression, and activity restrictions. This study examined the combined effects of family discord, work impacts (missed work, caregiving affects work), and workplace supports (flexible hours, caregiver benefits) on caregiver well-being. We conducted a secondary analysis using cross-sectional survey data from the Western Pennsylvania Family Caregiving Project 2017-2018. Participants were family caregivers who worked outside the home and shared older adult (i.e. over age 50) caregiving responsibilities with family (n=364, mean age: 52.59 years, female: 71.7%, White: 79.7%, cared for a parent: 69.5%, mean work hours/week: 37.30). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted testing for main effects of family discord, work impacts, and workplace supports; and interactions between discord and work impacts/workplace supports. The presence of family discord negatively impacted all caregiver well-being outcomes (p<0.05). Having more work impacts increased the risk for anxiety (p<0.04), activity restrictions (p<0.01) and burden (p<0.01). No main effects were found for workplace support. Moderating effects were found, such that anxiety was high when family discord and work impacts were higher (p=0.025). Additionally, more activity restrictions occurred when caregivers had low workplace support and higher family discord (p=0.020). Results suggest having less family discord, more workplace support, and less negative work impacts may improve caregiver well-being. Future work is needed to determine which work supports are most beneficial to this population and how family discord and negative work impacts can be reduced.


Author(s):  
Akbar Lucky Firdaus ◽  
Dea Apsari Pramudana Putri ◽  
Arif Farhan Suroso

The purpose of this Field Practice Activity is to assess the efficiency of the COVID-19 task force's implementation in Selaawi District in dealing with COVID-19 and residents who have been proven positive for COVID-19. The Garut Regent's Decree establishes a Task Force for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions in Selaawi District, Garut Regency. The technique that was used a Literature Review and the roadblocks that it faces, including measures to restrict the spread of the corona virus, which have not been maximized. People are progressively disobeying 3M's health recommendations, such as wearing masks, cleaning their hands with soap, and keeping a safe distance. The large-scale social restriction (PSBB) strategy has aided the implementation of physical distance in Indonesia since the start of the pandemic. The remedy to this problem is to enforce 3M (masks, distance, and hand washing) in a systematic manner, as well as passively 3T (testing, tracing, and treatment) and raise public awareness about the necessity of health procedures through the COVID-19 task force. In this method, the handling efforts can yield the best results and have been successful in lowering positive numbers and lowering deaths. Keywords: COVID-19, Emergency, Society, Implementation  


Author(s):  
Hafadh Furqan ◽  
Theresia Febrian Sinaga ◽  
Jioanda Riza Nugraha

The Covid-19 pandemic is increasing throughout Indonesia. Due to this, the handling of covid-19 is very important to do to overcome the spread of the covid-19 virus because if there is no handling of this virus it will endanger public health. As we know COVID-19 can cause mild to severe symptoms. There are about 80% of mild symptoms (runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever) that do not require special treatment but there are also people who suffer from severe symptoms, such as with pneumonia or difficulty breathing, which usually appear gradually. One of the efforts to deal with COVID-19 is to implement the PPKM (Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions) policy. None other than the goal is to foster public compliance with health protocols, prevent covid-19, and suppress the spread of COVID-19, so that the tourism and creative economy sector (tourism and creative economy) will bounce back and the economic sector will recover soon. Garut Regency is one of the regencies in Indonesia that also applies this PPKM regulation. This is the background of the author to examine the participation of the people of Garut Regency during the implementation of PPKM in an effort to handle COVID-19. This study aims to find out how the role of the people of Garut Regency and what changes occur during the implementation of PPKM in Garut Regency. The research method used is a literature study by elaborating research that is relevant to the concept of empowering local communities. In one related study, it was stated that community participation in the implementation of emergency PPKM in Garut Regency showed significant results. Therefore, through this program-based idea, we are able to achieve optimal implementation of emergency PPKM so as to increase the health status as high as possible.   Keywords: Covid-19, Community Participation, PPKM, Health protocol


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunmi Lee ◽  
Kuem Sun Han ◽  
Jeonghyun Cho ◽  
Taeyoun Kim

Abstract Background: The Andersen model was utilized to identify differences in the predictors of quality of life (QOL) between people who eat alone and those who do not. Methods: Data of 5,432 adults who responded to a question about having company for meals from the 2016 KNHANES were analyzed. Using the Andersen model, the parameters were classified into predisposing factors, enabling factors, need factors, and health behaviors; differences in the influences of each parameter category on QOL, depending on company during meals, were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Individuals who ate alone included higher percentages of older women living alone, people with no medical aid or private insurance membership, low education and income, more chronic diseases, poorer perceived health, activity restrictions and unmet health care needs, and smoking and drinking, and lower health examination rates. Differences in the predictors of each domain of health-related QOL (HRQOL) were analyzed according to the absence of company during meals. Perceived health status was a predictor of all domains of HRQOL regardless of eating alone or not; age, activity restrictions, sex, and number of chronic diseases predicted two to four domains of QOL. Factors predicting QOL only among individuals who ate alone were sex (mobility, self-care, and usual activities), number of chronic diseases and health examination (pain/discomfort), and private insurance membership (anxiety/depression). Conclusion: The results verify the potential of using the Andersen model for measuring HRQOL. These findings highlight the need for tailored welfare services, social policies, and programs for people who eat without company.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Hwang ◽  
Il-Su Park

Objectives: This study analyzed risk factors for suicidal ideation in South Koreans from a life cycle perspective.Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected in 2015 as part of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The participants comprised 5,935 individuals aged 12 years or older. The statistical analysis reflected the complex sampling design of the KNHANES, and the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5.7% in adolescents, 3.7% in young adults, 5.4% in middle-aged adults, and 7.0% in older adults. Depression and stress were risk factors in every stage of the life cycle. In those aged 12 to 19 years, activity restrictions were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Education and subjective health status were risk factors in adults aged 20 to 39 years, and education, activity restrictions, and quality of life were the major risk factors in those aged 40 to 64 years. For adults 65 years of age or older, the risk of suicidal ideation was higher among those with inappropriate sleep time.Conclusion: The risk factors for suicidal ideation were found to be different across stages of the life cycle. This suggests a need for individualized suicide prevention plans and specific government policies that reflect the characteristics of each life cycle stage.


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