Athletics and Admissions: The Impact of the Penn State Football Scandal on Student Quality

We ask whether a scandal in a university’s athletics department affects the quality of the incoming student body. To do so, we evaluate the child sex abuse scandal at Penn State University in 2011. The violations involved a former employee with the crimes occurring a decade prior. The plausibly-exogenous shock allows us to make a causal identification of the scandal's effect on the university. We use synthetic control methods establishing economically meaningful impacts. We find that the average high school GPA is 0.12 points less and the proportion of students with high SAT Math scores is down 4.8 percentage points.

The Patient Perspective: Evaluating the Accessibility of Transoral Robotic Surgery Online Resources

Purpose: The varied treatment options available to patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) can cause significant patient confusion. In particular, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has become widely used for treatment of HPV-positive OPSCC. As patients commonly refer to the internet for additional information, we aim to evaluate the quality of online patient educational materials for TORS in comparison to other otolaryngology surgical procedures. Methods: The terms “transoral robotic surgery,” “glossectomy,” “thyroidectomy,” and “neck dissection” were searched on Google. Flesch reading ease, Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level, MD review rates, and PEMAT understandability and actionability were assessed for each search term. Google trends was used to determine search interest for each term between May 2015 and May 2020. Results: Of the 30 TORS websites that met inclusion criteria, the average FRE and FKGL scores were 40.74 and 11.60 (that of an average high school senior). The FRE and FKGL scores for TORS were all statistically significantly lower than those of all comparator search terms ( P < .05). Only 1 out of 30 TORS sites were MD reviewed, representing the lowest MD review rate across all search terms. Understandability and actionability scores for TORS were also the lowest across all search terms at 77.71% and 2.66%, respectively. TORS had the lowest search interest. Conclusions: In comparison to other common otolaryngology procedures, TORS websites are the least patient friendly. As TORS becomes a more widely used procedure, it is critical that TORS websites become higher quality resources that patients can reliably reference.

Household Financial Management Training for Housewives Stairs during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Margasari Village

This activity aims to provide insight and knowledge to housewives in managing household finances properly and correctly, so that revenues are greater than expenses. There is an amount of money from household cash that can be used as savings / investment that is saving in the future, so that a prosperous life can be realized for the family economy. The method used in this activity is training or short training in household financial management using the financial management module. The participants received training using the classical method of providing materials, question and answer sessions, exercises / practices; providing working papers that are inputted according to the real economic conditions of the participants. The object of research as activity participants, namely housewives who do not work, housewives who work, and housewives who have businesses with an average high school educational background, as well as an economic background from middle to lower families can participate in the training properly. and full of enthusiasm. The results of this service provide support so that housewives avoid high interest money loans. For further community service activities, it is hoped that they will be able to provide continuous training that triggers the spirit of housewives to learn to invest.

SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS ON THE MARKETING ASPECT OF VEGETABLE COMMODITIES IN THE KATENZO FARMER GROUP

Low of relations between farmers and the market causes the marketing of vegetable commodities to not run optimally. The relationship between various marketing agencies and farmers produces a social network. Based on this, the social network in the marketing aspect is the main capital for the development of farming. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the characteristics of farmer members of the Katenzo Farmers Group, (2) to analyze the structure of the social network on the marketing aspects of vegetable commodities in the Katenzo Farmer Group, (3) to analyze the position of actors in social networks on the marketing aspects of vegetable commodities based on the degree of centralism. at the Katenzo Farmers Group. This study used a qualitative research design with a case study approach. Samples were taken using census techniques to all member farmers, amounting to 13 people. The analysis method used is Social Network Analysis (SNA). The results of this study indicate that all respondents are male farmers who are included in the category of young farmers who have an average high school education level and have business experience under 5 years. The network structure that is formed is a personal radius network structure (Radial Personal Network), with the central actor is the Head and Public Relations Division of the Katenzo Farmers Group.

Effective Communication Training to Improve the Satisfaction of Wedding Marriage / Long Distance Marriage (LDM) Review Marriage Commitments from Marriage Commitment

This study aims to improve marital satisfaction, communication and marriage commitments to wives who undergo long distance marriage in Indonesia Malaysia. Data was taken from 33 Subjects, and scoring and entering categories. A total of 15 mothers have low to very low marital satisfaction, communication and commitment to marriage. However, only 12 Subjects were willing to take effective communication training until completion. The training provided is effective communication training to improve marital satisfaction, communication and marriage commitments. The subjects of effective communication training are mothers who live in Serah Panceng Gresik Village, aged 23-45 years and have a marriage age of 6-26 years and have 1-2 children. Most work as housewives and have an average high school education. This research is an experimental research. The experimental design used was a one group design in the form of One group pretest-posttest design. Data analysis using the Independent Sample t-test and Product Moment. The results of the first hypothesis significance level of 0,000 <0.01, which means that there are significant differences in both communication and marriage satisfaction before and after training is given. The second hypothesis is the significance level of 0.026 <0.05, which means there is a positive relationship between communication and marital satisfaction. The third hypothesis is the significance level of 0.018 <0.05, which means there is a positive relationship between marriage commitment and marital satisfaction.

Analysis of Village Fund Policy Implementation in Improving Village Independence in Lombok Tengah Districtnusa Tenggara Barat Province

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of village fund policies in Central Lombok seen in its performance of increasing village independence. The research method used is qualitative research design (case study). Determination of informants, researchers used purposive and snowball techniques. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The Village Fund's policy is not optimal in increasing the independence of the village in terms of content and policy context. a) interests that are affected: the freedom of the village in managing the budget requires the need to measure the efficiency of the program / activity; b) type of benefit, more activities lead to infrastructure and not optimal participation of citizens, this happens because of some difficulties; c) desired target changes, different targets lead to lengthy policy controls, the oversight system is not optimal; d) the location of decision making, is still limited to the perception of the village elite; e) implementing the program, there TPK actually shows the inability of the village to build collective awareness of the community; f) resources allocated, the use of technology in the operation of the Village Fund has not been optimal, the education level of the village apparatus is an average high school equivalent and a hamlet head of junior high school is equivalent; g) the power, interests and strategies of the actors involved, this difference causes a mixture of values in the implementation of policies that give birth to manipulative legalistic; h) characteristics of regimes and institutions, there are feudalistic, capitalistic practices in political affiliation and village government management; i) compliance and responsiveness, there is a relationship between compliance with transparency of activities, compliance with the consistency of policy implementers, and the relationship between compliance and commitment.

Predictors of Passing Probability in the Licensure Examination for Selected Programs in the University of Southeastern Philippines

Performance of higher education institutions in licensure examinations is reflective of the effectiveness of their curricular programs. This study employed a causal design to evaluate graduates’ academic attributes that can potentially determine the likelihood of passing the state-administered board examinations. Considered predictor variables are ratings in University admission test, average high school and college general point averages as well as course grades in major and professional courses. The test of significance of these variables was derived from a binary logistic regression. Results of the evaluation indicated that performance indicators varied across programs. The implications on students’ academic attributes, the institution’s admission and retention policy, assessment practices and quality assurance mechanisms are discussed.

Being Mapuche in the University: Entry Conditions to the Initial Teacher Training, La Araucanía

This article problematizes social factors that affect the entry to and continuity in higher education of indigenous students who belong to involuntary minority cultures. We advocate the thesis that Mapuche students face personal and social problems that become intercultural tensions whose origin, among other factors, is related to their life before they enter the university. The article aims to describe demographic and academic characteristics, as well as origins, that are particular to Mapuche students of the Education Faculty of Universidad Católica de Temuco. The methodology used was a descriptive statistic analysis of the database of the university. The analysis allowed to draft a demographic profile based on the territorial identities of the students. It also allowed the triangulation of the academic entry conditions, reflected in the students’ average high school grades (NEM), their origin, and their preferences for professional training in the educational area. We conclude that knowing this information, demographic and academic conditions, and preferences in professional training, will allow us to progress in managing strategies and guidelines of action to support students in the process of insertion in the university life.

Adolescent Health Crisis: What Sleep-Related Factors Contribute to a Decline in Mental Health and Safety?

Sleep loss can disrupt neuron growth in the brain during adolescence, a critical period for cognitive development. Only 7.6% of teens get the recommended 9-10 hours of sleep. This study evaluates the relationship between sleep and adolescent mental health, which impacts physical health, safety and performance. The rise by 200% of disability and death rates during adolescence may be related to mental health. 160 people participated: 62 males and 98 females ranging in age from 14-17. Participants completed a 3-part assessment: a questionnaire assessing their sleep habits, an anxiety scale (AFARS), and a depression scale (CDS-DC). Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the extent to which sleep-related factors predict depression and anxiety. The overall depression and anxiety models were significant. School start time was a significant predictor of depression, and often being tired at school predicted anxiety. School start time predicted depression; however, it was not a significant predictor of anxiety. While an early school start time has been found to have many significant negative outcomes, the average high school starts at 7:30. The findings of this study imply that the benefit of offering a later school start outweigh potential inconveniences.

An Empirical Investigation of the Option Value of College Enrollment

This paper quantifies the option value arising from sequential schooling decisions made in the presence of uncertainty and learning about academic ability. College attendance has option value since enrolled students have the option, but not obligation, to continue in school after learning their aptitude and tastes. I estimate that option value accounts for 14 percent of the total value of the opportunity to attend college for the average high school graduate and is greatest for moderate-aptitude students. Students' ability to make decisions sequentially in response to new information increases welfare and also makes educational outcomes less polarized by background. (JEL D83, I23)