scholarly journals Terrorism as a Special Form of Political Fight in the Modern World

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
D. S. Odinaev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Special Form ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Individual

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human history, and since ancient times, various political and social forces have tried to seize power in this way, resorting to violence and intimidation. Various forces saw terrorism as a means of fighting their opponents. In the middle Ages, terrorism acquired a special status in European countries as a special form of political struggle to protect the interests of the state, church and religious authorities.The very act of officially killing criminals in any form was committed with the aim of intimidating people and various sectors of society. The violence of the marginalized, expressed by the term “terror,” has become more common in modern French political history. The advocates of the reform saw the protection of the interests and freedoms of the individual with the help of terrorism as an effective means of political struggle. However, later this term was considered a negative act, and terrorism was presented as a crime against the state. That is, since the end of the 18th century, the term “terror” has been used in a negative sense.Especially at the current stage of the development of human society, terrorism has acquired more frightening features. Terrorists kill innocent people to intimidate the public and authorities. Terrorism has become one of the main instruments of the struggle for power, the protection of group, ethnic, racial and other interests.

The Origins and Development of Municipal Military Service in the Leonese and Castilian Reconquest, 800–1250

Traditio ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Middle Ages

In modern society, enmeshed with confrontations involving the individual, military service and the state, historians are often inclined to make comparisons with the distant past which offer relief from the pressures of contemporary history. Regarding military service, the Middle Ages are occasionally suggested as an age when combat was sporadic, when only the small feudal aristocracy encountered a martial obligation, and when the remainder of society could concentrate on the other burdens of life, free of the paraphernalia of war, hot or cold. As with many romantic generalizations concerning the period, the comparative bliss of the medieval non-combatant is open to question. Many would note, however, that the feudal classes did possess a monopoly on warfare for several centuries in parts of Continental Europe, and would tend to place all discussion of military institutions within a feudal context.

scholarly journals PEMERINTAH DAN HAK BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA (Peran pemerintah dalam memelihara hak beragama di Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Setia Permana
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The government in this case is the legislative and executive institutions are managers in the order of a State. The condusiveness of a State depends on the government's role in treating every citizen fairly. One of the concerns of the State is of course Religion. There are six Religions recognized as official Religion in Indonesia. Therefore, the adherents of a religion in Indonesia should be treated proportionally and fairly by the Government so that it can perform its religious duties.In this discussion the method used is descriptive analysis approach. The steps taken in the discussion of this theme are: determine the focus of research, determine the type and source of data then process and analyze it.The result of the discussion of this topic shows that the Law of the State of Indonesia has guaranteed the right and freedom of every citizen to religion according to his own belief. Therefore, it is appropriate that the people who sit in the legislature and the executive to always maintain the religious freedom of every citizen without looking at the ideology he embraces.There is still in this country discriminatory practices and injustices against the adherents of certain religions, it is necessary steps to provide justice together, including; political struggle for equality and capacity building and understanding of multiculturalism over democratic values. The first attempt was an advocacy of a number of state policies that were still considered unfair. Some legislation products that are less in harmony with the spirit of the 1945 Constitution and the development of the modern world are now being reviewed. While the second attempt is intended to strengthen the consciousness of the majority to further develop the values of equality, freedom, humanistic, homeland love and tolerance to diversity. If these noble things are successfully developed and implemented by all people it will be useful not only for the consolidation of democracy in this country, but also to strengthen nation and State.

scholarly journals Freedom and Independence During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Svetlana Dimitrova ◽  
Kristina Ovdina
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
To Come ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The scale and the speed of the spread of the new coronavirus strain and economic crises associated with it are becoming the reason to rethink the essential features and ways of interaction between freedom and independence. The aim of the research is to consider new and evaluate the significance of traditional approaches to defining independence and freedom. The authors analyze the mechanisms of the formation and development of biopower, the effectiveness of which is manifested in the possibility of turning people into "obedient bodies" (M. Foucault) and reducing human existence to the state of "bare life" (J. Agamben).The researchers emphasize that the highest form biopower manifestation, arose due to the effective development of medicine, became the possibility of transforming life and death into political concepts that require a "special solution". Therefore, the restrictive measures that arose during the spread of COVID-19 cannot be considered as a manifestation of total forms of addiction are established by biopolitics. The research allows the authors to come to the conclusion that the impossibility of achieving freedom and the loss of independence arise in the process of consistent implementation of the individualistic ideals. The results of the study contain a few contradictions identified by the authors. First of all, the development of biopower points that the concern for people's health enables the State to penetrate and manage all spheres of an individual's existence including issues of life and death. Biopolitics does not contribute to the establishment and development of civil rights, but creates effective means for reducing people to a state of "bare life". In the spread of COVID-19 the contradiction of following the individualistic ideals became obvious. Risks and threats that have a global character are confronted by a person unwilling to take responsibility. The revealed contradictions lead to the conclusion that a condition to maintain independence and achieve freedom in the modern world can be the formation of the new types of solidarities that make it possible to overcome the autonomy of existence and develop a responsible attitude to what is happening in the world.

scholarly journals The modern age and a sense of presence

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Jelena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the idea of human existence is related to current issues of identities within a complex, technologically globalized modern world. Kierkegaard?s discourse seems very useful in this regard, because of its vivid narrative about obstacles arrising from the superficial offerings of freedom and knowledge that essentially supress the individual?s inner development. By conceptualizing existence and reason as polarities of human experience, it is not possible to implement the existential immediacy of the relationship between knowable structure of Being and the living issues of human beings. That is why, I sugest, their relating, which emerges from the qualitative nature of the state of presence - simultaneously belonging to individual?s interiority and to the external world - is of great importance.

scholarly journals An essence of the security in context of constitutional legal dimension

2021 ◽  
pp. 544-553
Author(s):  
Pylyp Demchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Characteristic Features

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the security within the framework of its understanding in the constitutional legal sphere of national legal science. The need to conduct this study is based on the relevance of the search for promising directions in ensuring the safety of human, society, and the state in a rapidly changing modern world, within the framework of which the main role is assigned to its legal foundations, in which the provisions of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine play a primary role Purpose and objectives of the study. The main purpose of the article is to consider the concept of security in the framework of the basic legal and constitutional legal category on an analysis of the articles of the Constitution of Ukraine and normative legal aspects (in case of basics of The National Security Act 2018 and The Strategy of the National Security 2020), which enshrine the essence and foundations of ensuring of the security in Ukraine, and also presents the main doctrinal approaches to defining security in the framework of constitutional and legal researches. Research methods. The research carried out in the article is based on the assessment of generally accepted approaches to defining the characteristic features of security as a phenomenon of public relations, assessing the main challenges and threats to the existence of a human, society, and the state in Ukraine at the present stage of their development, analyzing the legal framework for ensuring of security in Ukraine, as well as understanding of security as a constitutional legal category. Research conclusions. As a result of the study, the idea is given that security is a complex and multi-vector category, the nature of which depends on the definition of the scope of its implementation and provision. The legal component is the basis for ensuring of national security as the main way to ensure the security of a human, society, state in Ukraine, which is implemented within the framework of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and special legislation. As part of the study of constitutional and legal approaches to defining national security as a broad category, it is necessary to single out its special component subspecies - constitutional security, which serves as the basis for the protection and stability of the development of constitutional legal institutions and constitutionalism in Ukraine.

Russia-West: Civilizational War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Багдасарян ◽  
Vardan Bagdasaryan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Western World ◽  
The West ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
The World ◽  
Deep Sources ◽  
World Development

Relevance of the presented book determined by escalation of international tension in the modern world, strain of relations of Russia on the block of the western states. To Identify the reasons and deep sources of this conflict – a task which is put and solved in the monograph "Russia – the West: civilization war". The author shows the historical reproducibility of the Russian-western opposition which is standing out through the entire periods of history from the Middle Ages till our time. The conflict relations with the Western world reveal in the book through the category of "civilization war". In the monograph it is shown the fundamental differences in the civilizational values of the West and Russia why the agenda of world development offered by them led objectively to the conflict differed. The content of the western global historical project and the Russian valuable alternative are considered. The book can have practical interest for the state managers, and also for all who think of the due strategy of Russia, of its positioning in the world.

scholarly journals Dialogue between the individual and the state in contemporary Russian society

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Roman Bogatyrev ◽  
Nadezhda Kapustina ◽  
Maya Nachkebiya ◽  
Tatiana Perutskaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Development

This article discusses the important aspects of the dialogue between the individual and the state in modern times. The importance of interaction between the government and the society in the modern world is one of the most urgent tasks for young researchers and for the society as a whole. Emphasizing the importance of strengthening and developing a democratic state governed by the rule of law, researchers identify a wide range of factors that have a direct impact on the positive and effective development of interaction between the government and the society. One such factor is the model of individual-state dialogue. The study of such a dialogue from an anthropological point of view will make it possible to highlight the most successful models of interaction between the society authorities to create effective management mechanisms that affect both the quality of citizens’ life and the development of the state as a whole in a positive way. For a more detailed study of the models of building a dialogue between the individual and the state, it is necessary to consider the existing examples of interaction and analyze the historical aspects of the relationship between the society and the state. The modern practice of state and municipal governing strives to make the government more transparent and open to citizens, such a policy contributes to the maximum involvement of citizens in the public and political life of the state. The article also deals with the issues of involving citizens in the social and political life of the society; it discusses the motivational measures and the policy of the state in the field of engaging citizens in interaction and establishment of a meaningful, effective dialogue between the society and the state.

scholarly journals POSSÍVEIS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE CHARLES TAYLOR PARA O ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO: desafios para as políticas públicas

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Luciana Costa Poli ◽  
Bruno Ferraz Hazan
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Individual

O estudo aborda o orçamento público como instrumento que evidencia uma série de escolhas pautadas por políticas públicas, revelando que sua elaboração deveria ao menos espelhar um espac¸o de luta poli ´tica, a propiciar que asdivergentes forc¸as sociais se movimentem para buscar concretizar seus interesses. O artigo menciona, ainda, a experiência portuguesa da desorçamentação como processo de descentralizac¸a~o administrativa e os estudos de Charles Taylor sobre a desejada estruturac¸a~o de novos significados para as aço~es humanas que possam trafegar entre as questões individuais e o espac¸o pu´blico em busca de um processo de reconhecimento. Propõe construir um modelo democrático de planejamento orçamentário associado a ` uma visão capaz de propiciar a participação de todos os destinatários de forma a se perseguir uma e´tica que permita aos indivi ´duos recuperar aquilo que lhes confere a possibilidade de projetar existencialmente formas significativas de vida e de engajamento na sociedade.Palavras-chave: Orçamento público; políticas públicas; reconhecimentoPOSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHARLES TAYLOR FOR PUBLIC BUDGET: challenges to public policies Abstract: The study addresses the public budget as an instrument that evidences a series of choices guided by publicpolicies, revealing that its development should at least mirror an arena of political struggle, to provide that the divergent social forces move to achieve their interests. The article also mentions the Portuguese experience of off-budget as an administrative decentralization process and the studies of Charles Taylor concerning the desired structuring of new meanings for human actions that can travel between the individual issues and public space in search of a recognitionprocess. It is proposed to build a democratic model of budget planning associated with a vision to provide the participation ofall recipients in order to pursue an ethic that allows individuals to recover what gives them the possibility of designing existentially meaningful ways of life and engagement in society.Keywords: Public budget, public policies, recognition.

scholarly journals International Experience of Legal Support of Information Security and the Possibilities for its Application in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Sholpan Zabikh
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

The author in the article considers the problems of ensuring information security for the solution of which it is supposed to study methods and ways for identifying and preventing danger in the information sphere. The information security of society as a whole is determined by the rapidly growing technological capabilities of modern information systems, which in their influence on the politics, economy, and the spiritual and ideological sphere of people have now become decisive. Ensuring information security, which refers to the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state in the information sphere from internal and external threats, seems to be a very important task in the modern world. The security of the information space are entails the protection of the rights and interests of man and citizen, society and the state in the information sphere from real and potential threats. The article also provides a generalized description of the international experience in the legal regulation of information security and the possibility of its application in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION QUESTIONS OF HISTORICAL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHALLENGES OF THE MODERN WORLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Elena Sotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
National Task ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with topical issues related to the problems of modernization of historical education as a national task, the solution of which must meet the urgent needs of the individual, society and the state. Modern challenges of social development associated with the geopolitical situation, actualize the problems of finding value orientations for the consolidation of Russian society and formation of civic qualities of youth. The decline in the share of social and humanities at technical universities is one of the most dangerous trends in modern education. The article presents the structure and content of the challenges that actualize the problem of finding the value orientations of humanitarian education.

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