Longitudinal Associations between Internalizing Symptoms, Dispositional Mindfulness, Rumination and Impulsivity in Adolescents

AbstractMindfulness has been associated with fewer negative mental health symptoms during adolescence, but fewer studies have examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms in conjunction with two vulnerability factors for psychopathology with mindfulness: rumination and impulsivity. This study examined longitudinal associations between internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity over a one-year period among 352 Spanish adolescents (57.4% girls; M = 14.47, SD = 1.34). Participants completed self-reported measures of symptoms, mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity at two time points. Mindfulness negatively predicted stress and depressive symptoms, and a bidirectional negative association was found between mindfulness and impulsivity. Impulsivity positively predicted stress, and anxiety positively predicted depressive symptoms, stress, and rumination. This study highlights the importance of mindfulness as a protective factor and impulsivity and anxiety as risk factors for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence. These findings build on previous studies that examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms by including rumination and impulsivity’s roles.

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Internalizing symptoms and loneliness: Direct effects of mindfulness and protection against the negative effects of peer victimization and exclusion

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025419876358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah J. Clear ◽

Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck ◽

Amanda L. Duffy ◽

Bonnie L. Barber

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Peer Victimization ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Dispositional Mindfulness ◽

Negative Effects ◽

And Coping ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

Drawing from dispositional mindfulness research and stress and coping theories, we tested whether adolescents’ dispositional mindfulness was associated with perceptions of peer victimization and exclusion and internalizing symptoms. We further explored the role of dispositional mindfulness as a protective factor buffering the impact of peer victimization and exclusion (PVE) on internalizing symptoms. Participants were 361 (40% boys) adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years ( M = 14.9, SD = 1.4) who completed a questionnaire to assess dispositional mindfulness, perceptions of PVE, social anxiety and depressive symptoms, and loneliness. As expected, more frequent experience of PVE was associated with reporting more symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Further, adolescents who reported higher dispositional mindfulness also reported fewer symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness, even after controlling for gender and experiences of PVE. Dispositional mindfulness was not protective against (i.e., did not buffer) the effects of PVE on internalizing symptoms. Instead, we found that PVE had a stronger association with symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness when mindfulness was high relative to when it was medium or low. Yet, victimization was associated with greater social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and loneliness at all levels of mindfulness.

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Levels of physical activity in four domains and affective wellbeing before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00651-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eliane S. Engels ◽

Michael Mutz ◽

Yolanda Demetriou ◽

Anne K. Reimers

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Total Sample ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

German Population ◽

Time Points ◽

Sport And Exercise ◽

Over Time ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background Latest studies indicated that the general mental health level is low during the pandemic. Probably, this deterioration of the mental health situation is partly due to declines in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in and the association between affective wellbeing and levels of different domains of physical activity at three time points before and during the pandemic. Method We used a nationwide online panel with a trend data design encompassing a total sample of N = 3517, representing the German population (> 14 years). Four different activity domains (sport and exercise, light outdoor activity, housework/gardening, active travel) and affective wellbeing (positive and negative affect) were assessed at three time points before and during the Covid-19 pandemic (October 2019, March 2020, October 2020). Results Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicate differences regarding affective wellbeing over the three time points with the lowest values at the second time point. Levels of activity in the four domains differed significantly over time with the strongest decrease for sport and exercise from the first to the second time point. Partial correlations indicated that the relationships between sport and exercise and positive affect were most consistent over time. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that physical activity plays a particularly important role in the pandemic period as a protective factor against poor mental health. Especially sports and exercise seem to be supportive and should be encouraged, e.g. by providing additional support in finding adequate outdoor, home-based or digital substitutes.

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Marital Quality and Mental Health Among Caregiving Dyads

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 583-583

Author(s):

Christine Proulx ◽

Hanamori Skoblow ◽

Sae Hwang Han

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Marital Quality ◽

Negative Association ◽

Spousal Caregiver ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Partner Effect ◽

Caregiver Group

Abstract We examined whether the associations between marital quality and mental health were equally strong among dyads in which one spouse was providing care to a spouse (n = 155), parent (n = 61), or another adult (n = 176). Using Wave 2 of the NSHAP and actor-partner interdependence (APIM) models, we found significant differences (p=.004) among groups. Marital quality was negatively associated with one’s own depressive symptoms (b=-1.29) for husbands in the spousal caregiver group, whereas marital quality was negatively associated with one’s own depressive symptoms for wives in both the parental (b=-1.27) and other adult (b=-1.96) caregiver groups. The only partner effect was the negative association between wives’ marital quality and husbands’ depressive symptoms (b=-2.59) among dyads in which one spouse was a parental caregiver. These results point to the importance of understanding the context of caregiving when examining the protective effect of spouses’ marital quality on mental health.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome: Multicenter study of patients living at home after treatment in 12 Japanese intensive care units, SMAP-HoPe study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0252167

Author(s):

Takeshi Unoki ◽

Hideaki Sakuramoto ◽

Sakura Uemura ◽

Takahiro Tsujimoto ◽

Takako Yamaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Unplanned Admission ◽

Event Scale ◽

Icu Discharge ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact ◽

Post Intensive Care Syndrome ◽

At Home

Few studies have examined the epidemiology of post-intensive care syndrome in Japan. This study investigated the mental health and quality of life of patients living at home in Japan after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Additionally, we examined whether unplanned admission to the ICU was associated with more severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms. An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted at 12 ICUs in Japan. Patients who stayed in the ICU for > 3 nights and were living at home for 1 year afterward were included. One year after ICU discharge, we retrospectively screened patients and performed a mail survey on a monthly basis, including the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IER-S), the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and the EuroQOL—5 Dimension (EQ-5D-L) questionnaires. Patients’ characteristics, delirium and coma status, drugs used, and ICU and hospital length of stay were assessed from medical records. Descriptive statistics and multilevel linear regression modeling were used to examine our hypothesis. Among 7,030 discharged patients, 854 patients were surveyed by mail. Of these, 778 patients responded (response rate = 91.1%). The data from 754 patients were analyzed. The median IES-R score was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] = 1‒9), and the prevalence of suspected PTSD was 6.0%. The median HADS anxiety score was 4.00 (IQR = 1.17‒6.00), and the prevalence of anxiety was 16.6%. The median HADS depression score was 5 (IQR = 2‒8), and the prevalence of depression was 28.1%. EQ-5D-L scores were lower in our participants than in the sex- and age-matched Japanese population. Unplanned admission was an independent risk factor for more severe PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Approximately one-third of patients in the general ICU population experienced mental health issues one year after ICU discharge. Unplanned admission was an independent predictor for more severe PTSD symptoms.

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Does Social Support Mediate the Association Between Maltreatment Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/1077559518814680 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonya Negriff ◽

Julie A. Cederbaum ◽

Daniel S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Family Support ◽

Adolescent Development ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Time Points ◽

Family Social Support ◽

Path Models

The current study examined social support as a mediator between maltreatment experiences (number of victimizations, maltreatment types) and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The data came from the first two time points of a longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development. The enrolled sample were 454 male and females ( n = 303 maltreated, n = 151 comparison) between 9 and 13 years ( M age = 10.82); Time 2 (T2) occurred approximately 1 year after baseline. Maltreatment data came from case records; participants reported on perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Results from path models indicated that depressive symptoms mediated the association between maltreatment experiences (i.e., physical abuse, neglect, and number of maltreatment victimizations) and family social support. There was no evidence that social support functioned as a mediator. This is the first study to find support for depressive symptoms as a mechanism linking maltreatment with decreased perceived family support. These findings point to the importance of assessing mental health and social support simultaneously to understand the functioning of youth with maltreatment histories.

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Longitudinal Effects of the Pandemic and Confinement on the Anxiety Levels of a Sample of Spanish Children in Primary Education

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182413063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (24) ◽

pp. 13063

Author(s):

Marta Giménez-Dasí ◽

Laura Quintanilla ◽

Marta Fernández-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Primary Education ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

Self Report ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Time Points ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Children’S Anxiety ◽

One Year ◽

Report Measure

(1) Background: The psychological effects of confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic on children are only partially known. In Madrid, Spain, children suffered a strict confinement for 10 weeks and they returned to school under conditions that were far from normal. This work assesses the effects of the pandemic on the anxiety levels of a group of children living in Madrid. (2) Methods: Children were aged 6 to 11 years (N = 215). A self-report measure of anxiety was completed by participants at two time-points: (1) a few months before the beginning of the pandemic and (2) 1 year later. A smaller subgroup of participants also completed the measure during the confinement period (n = 60). (3) Results: A comparison of these three measures shows that the children’s anxiety was reduced during confinement, and that one year later these levels continue below those registered before the start of the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: These results contradict some previous studies, which found an increase in children’s anxiety as a result of confinement and the pandemic. The discussion considers protective and vulnerability factors in the context of the pandemic, which may affect children’s levels of anxiety.

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Longitudinal association between smartphone ownership and depression among schoolchildren under COVID-19 pandemic

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02196-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masaki Adachi ◽

Michio Takahashi ◽

Hiroki Shinkawa ◽

Hiroyuki Mori ◽

Tomoko Nishimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Effects ◽

School Children ◽

Screen Time ◽

The Other ◽

Time Points ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

Mental Health Effects

AbstractUnder the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns regarding prolonged screen time and mental health effects in children have increased. We examined the association of depression with smartphone ownership in school children at four time points: September 2019, July 2020, December 2020, and March 2021. The analysis revealed an interaction between group and time, indicating that depressive symptoms among smartphone owners were significantly more severe than in the other group. These results were clearer for fourth-year students, pointing that smartphone possession at younger ages may be a risk factor for mental health in the new lifestyle caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Does rumination function as a longitudinal mediator between mindfulness and depressive symptoms?

10.26686/wgtn.17068091 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Tasmin Jury

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

New Zealand ◽

Community Sample ◽

Negative Association ◽

Self Report ◽

Dispositional Mindfulness ◽

Longitudinal Mediation ◽

Acting With Awareness

<p>The present study was designed to longitudinally examine the relationships among dispositional mindfulness, rumination, and depressive symptoms in adults and determine whether rumination mediated the expected negative association between mindfulness and depressive symptoms across time. A community sample of 483 New Zealand adults completed self-report measures of mindfulness, rumination and depressive symptoms initially and again after three months and a third time a further three months later. The predicted cross-lag associations were found, and in consequence, the predicted longitudinal mediation was supported in the data as well. That is, rumination mediated the negative association between mindfulness and depressive symptoms. In addition, three of the five facets of mindfulness (acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting) exhibited the longitudinal mediation through rumination to depressive symptoms. The findings of this research suggest that certain aspects of mindfulness function to reduce rumination, which then serve to diminish depressive symptoms.</p>

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Older Age and Other Protective Factors of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2683 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 725-725

Author(s):

Kelly Smith ◽

Amanda Chappell ◽

Rachael Spalding ◽

Jenna Wilson ◽

Ilana Haliwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Older Age ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Age Related

Abstract Research conducted early in the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., March 2020) suggested that older adults were less likely to experience negative pandemic-related mental health than younger people. We investigated whether this age-related advantage persisted during the July 2020 spike in COVID-19 cases and investigated links between coping strategies and mental health. We used data from the Understanding America Study (UAS) to conduct a secondary data analysis of participants (N = 5,753) aged 18-110 years (M=46.20, SD=12.88) who completed online self-report surveys twice—once immediately prior to the July spike in cases, and again during the spike. Surveys assessed engagement in protective behaviors (e.g., wearing a mask, washing hands), coping strategies (e.g., calling family/friends, getting extra exercise, meditating), and anxiety and depressive symptoms (using the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-4). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of anxiety and depression during the spike, controlling for previous anxiety and depression, race, ethnicity, income, education, and marital status. Older age and engaging in protective behaviors were associated with less anxiety, whereas coping by calling family/friends was associated with more symptoms, R2 = .71, F(16, 5736) = 885.90, p < .001. Coping by calling and getting extra exercise were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, whereas coping by using social media was associated with more symptoms, R2 = .72, F(16, 5736) = 906.65, p < .001. These findings highlight age as a protective factor for anxiety but not for depression and underscore the importance of social support as a protective factor for mental health.

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School climate, victimization, and mental health outcomes among elementary school students in China

School Psychology International ◽

10.1177/0143034318805517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 587-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cixin Wang ◽

Dengting Boyanton ◽

Ana-Sophia M. Ross ◽

Jia Li Liu ◽

Kathryn Sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

School Climate ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Youth Development ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Protective Factor ◽

The United States ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

School Students ◽

The Relationship

Although school climate has been identified as a protective factor for youth development in the United States, few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between school climate and student outcomes in China. This study explored the relationship between school climate, victimization, covitality, internalizing symptoms, and academic achievement, and whether school climate moderated the relationship between victimization and mental health outcomes using longitudinal data. Survey data were collected from 1150 Chinese 3rd to 6th grade students ( Mage = 10.27 years, SD = 1.03 years, 55% boys) from five elementary schools at two time points. Regression results showed that school climate factors, including student-teacher relationships, clear expectations, respect for diversity and fairness of rules, predicted victimization, mental health (both internalizing symptoms and covitality), and academic grades six months later. School climate did not moderate the relationship between victimization and mental health. Our results suggest that it is important to foster positive school climate in order to prevent bullying and promote positive youth development among elementary students in China.

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