scholarly journals Affirmative Action Policies in Academic Job Advertisements: Do They Facilitate or Hinder Gender Discrimination in Hiring Processes for Professorships?

Sex Roles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levke Henningsen ◽  
Lisa K. Horvath ◽  
Klaus Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Female Candidate ◽  
Female Applicant ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
High Level ◽  
Male Candidate

AbstractEvidence of female-favoring hiring preferences for assistant professorships suggests that universities can implement affirmative action programs successfully. However, research on the role of applicant gender and the actual use of affirmative action policies in hiring processes for high-level professorships remain scarce. A web-based experiment with 481 economic university members assessed whether evaluators perceived a female applicant as less qualified than a male applicant for an associate professorship position when the job advertisement highlighted the university’s commitment to affirmative action (gender-based preferential selection) but not when it solely highlighted its commitment to excellence (non-gender-based selection). Contrary to previous experimental findings that affirmative action would adversely affect female applicants, evaluators perceived the female applicant as more hirable and ranked her first for the job significantly more often than the male candidate. Furthermore, male evaluators had a stronger preference for the female candidate in the gender-based condition than in the non-gender-based condition and a stronger preference for the male candidate in the non-gender-based condition than in the gender-based condition. Overall, the results provide evidence that gender-based preferential selection policies can evoke their intended effect to bring highly qualified women to high-level professorships, especially when being evaluated by non-beneficiaries of these policies, such as men.

Affirmative Action and Leadership Attitudes in Brazilian Women Managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazi Islam ◽  
Sarah E. S. Zilenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This note examines the relationship between affirmative action (AA) program perceptions and women’s self-ascribed capacity and desire to become leaders. We propose that women who believe that their organization implements a program of preferential selection toward women will experience negative psychological effects leading to lowered self-expectations for leadership, but that this effect will be moderated by their justice perceptions of AA programs. We test this proposition empirically for the first time with a Latin American female sample. Among Brazilian women managers, desire but not self-ascribed capacity to lead was reduced when they believed an AA policy was in place. Both desire’s and capacity’s relationships with belief in an AA policy were moderated by justice perceptions.

scholarly journals Forensic researches at National Academy of Internal Affairs: heritage of scientific schools (Review Article)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
S. Cherniavskyi ◽  
V. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
High Level

The Article purpose is to disclose the process of the formation of forensic scientific schools in the National Academy of Internal Affairs on the basis of the study of its historical development; to emphasize the role of heads of departments and leading professors of the National Academy of Internal Affairs in formation of forensic scientific schools, identify the main research directions of forensic scientific schools of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, highlight their contribution in training of highly qualified scientific and pedagogical staff; to emphasize achievements of forensic scientific schools of the National Academy of Internal Affairs and their significance for advancement of legal science and education in Ukraine. When covering the article content, historical, historiographic, terminological, systemic-structural, formal-logical, comparative-legal and statistical methods have been applied.  It is substantiated that the center for the development of forensic scientific schools in the National Academy of Internal Affairs is the Department of Criminalistics. Main directions of research of forensic scientific schools in the National Academy of Internal Affairs have been systematized and shown. It has been proved that forensic scientific schools of the National Academy of Internal Affairs are developing according to two scientific directions: innovative research of non-traditional traces of crime (the school of Professor M. V. Saltevskij); advancement of investigative activities and methods of investigating criminal offenses based on studying tactics applied by criminals, current achievements in science and technology (school of Professor V. P. Bahin). Scientific links between forensic schools of the National Academy of Internal Affairs and other forensic schools and centers of research institutions, higher educational institutions, law enforcement agencies have been demonstrated. Forensic scientific schools of the National Academy of Internal Affairs play a crucial role in the development of legal science and education, contribute to the formation of the high level of professionalism in law enforcement agencies and lawyers, ensure the unity of law enforcement practice and educational-scientific activity in higher education institutions.

scholarly journals The Potential of Building Tourist Cities by Using Existing Resources in Uzbekistan with an Innovative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina M. Khashimova ◽  
Shakhzod F. Turakulov
Keyword(s):  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Training Area

This article reflects the construction of tourist cities using the resources available on the territory of Uzbekistan. The benefits of utilisation for the development of tourism infrastructure from geological cities that are not exploited, included in the available resources, have been analyzed. The high level of efficiency in the use of geological cities is based on the availability of economic infrastructure, which is recognized as the application of this infrastructure in the construction of tourist cities is low in costs. The article shows the specific natural anchors of three ecotouristic objects, the srategic plans for effective use of these anchors. Proposals on the expediency of the establishment of camps, bags, summer recreation zones are included in these facilities. The abundance of excursion facilities and attractions in the objects of ecotourism expressed their views on the possibility of opening remarkable travel destinations. And the steep slopes of the mountain are shown to be a special training area for training highly qualified climbers. Reflecting the peculiarities of the nature of the objects of the ecosystem, the role of these settlements with unique natural conditions in the development of tourism is established. The potential for the construction of such ecotouristic cities in the Republic of Uzbekistan is high, and the growth in the efficiency of the use of such potentials is reported to increase the number of tourists coming from foreign countries to Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Regional demographic policy as a component of social well-being of population (on the materials of Primorsky krai)

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Elena Kostina ◽  
Nadezhda Orlova ◽  
Anastasia Rubina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Far East ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Demographic Policy

The relevance of the regional demographic policy study in the Far East is beyond doubt. This article considers the real demographic situation in Primorsky krai and shows that its territory has seen a steady decline in the population due to natural decrease and migration outflow connected with the low standard and quality of life that in turn reduces the attractiveness of the region and makes it particularly vulnerable to global challenges. Attention is paid to the fact that under the conditions of the Russian Federation subjects' differentiation by geographical location, natural resources potential and level of socio-economic development there is no single approach to the regional demographic policy. Differences in the characteristics of the subjects lead to the necessity of developing demographic programs that would take into account the regional specifics, traditions, characteristics and needs of a particular territory. There are presented the results of the author's study of subjective assessments of the social well-being of young people in Primorsky krai and their migration intentions. The data obtained show that a significant part of young people assess the situation in Primorsky krai as unfavorable for further self-realization; the majority of respondents answered that in other regions/countries it would be easier for them to build a career, start a business, and achieve a high level of material well-being. The directions of the regional demographic policy, which allow attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel in the region, are suggested.

scholarly journals Features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
L.V. Shumak
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Price ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
Economic Characteristic ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The market for design work in civil and industrial construction was one of the first to react to the crisis trends during a pandemic in the economy. Back in 2013, the volume of orders declined, and the peak of the decline was in 2014. The main reason for the difficulties is the reduction in investment programs of civil and industrial enterprises, and developers. The Ukrainian market for design works is distinguished by a high level of competition. A large number of design companies are actively working in this market niche. This fact constantly pushes market participants to take active steps to adjust the competitive strategy, positioning strategy and pricing. The primary signs of a crisis in design are also recognized through price indicators, which personify both the cost of the project or design services, and the results of the project enterprise, taking into account the factors that form the price level. In recent years, the price indicators of the construction industry have been unstable and completely dependent on external market conditions. Price as an economic characteristic is a significant regulator in the project market of Ukraine and abroad. The design market is the backbone of the construction industry with a volume of over UAH 1 billion per year and high added value. The field requires highly qualified staffing and the introduction of modern technologies. Outdated systems of training, certification of specialists and technical regulation hinder the development of the project market in Ukraine. The market is prone to underestimated cost of design work. In 2018, the share of design in the total cost of construction in Ukraine averaged 1.5-2%; in France it was 8-13%, and in Great Britain the level reached 10-17%. There is practically no system of state orders for design. Today our market is characterized by technological backwardness. The work of designers is low-paid, which, accordingly, affects the quality. High-quality architecture is more expensive than low-quality one. In Ukraine, the demand for quality design is just beginning to emerge. In this regard, it is very important to create a competitive environment that will contribute to development. The project market, like the construction industry as a whole, is extremely heterogeneous. Currently, there are thousands of various design bureaus and small workshops in Ukraine, employing no more than ten people, and the number of freelance designers cannot be statistically estimated. Prices for design, as well as the approaches used to provide services, differ dramatically in these organizations. A high price for a service does not necessarily guarantee that the quality of its delivery will be the same. Therefore, first of all, one should imagine what kind of work will be performed and what their essence is. Many investors prefer to design their facilities using the services of European specialists. What are the features and secrets of the Ukrainian project market? Are there really so few good designers in their country, and by what parameters can they still be found? The article examines the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

Visible-light Photoresponse of Nitrogen-doped TiO2: Excited State Studies Using Time-dependent Density Functional Theory and Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Govind ◽  
Roger Rousseau ◽  
Amity Andersen ◽  
Karol Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Coupled Cluster ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cluster Methods ◽  
Compare And Contrast

AbstractTo shed light on the nature of the electronic states at play in N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, we have performed detailed ground and excited state calculations on pure and N-doped TiO2 rutile using an embedding model. We have validated our model by comparing ground-state embedded results with those obtained from periodic DFT calculations. Our results are consistent with periodic calculations. Using this embedding model we have performed B3LYP based TDDFT calculations of the excited state spectrum. We have also studied the lowest excitations using high-level equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOMCC) approaches involving all single and inter-band double excitations. We compare and contrast the nature of the excitations in detail for the pure and doped systems using these calculations. Our calculations indicate a lowering of the bandgap and confirm the role of the N3- states on the UV/Vis spectrum of N-doped TiO2 rutile supported by experimental findings.

LIST OF WORKS PROHIBITED FOR WOMEN: RELEVANCE, NECESSITY, SIGNIFICANCE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Krasiuk ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Liepilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Role Of Men

In this paper we will consider the most relevant theoretical and practical aspects of the issue related to the problem of discrimination of women in Ukrainian labor law regarding their choice of profession. Vision of the role of men and women in society, their duties, prohibitions and rules were formed centuries ago, but such views have been reformed in accordance with the global development of society over the past decades. Scientific and technological progress has significantly improved the living conditions of people, including the process of working. However, the practice of countries applying restrictions on women's access to certain range of professions remains. In this regard, this article reflects the main aspects of the issue of limiting the opportunity of realizing women's labor abilities. Due attention is paid to gender-based occupational segregation, as well as gender discrimination at the legislative level. The reasons for implementing restrictions on women's access to certain professions are analyzed. The main factors that influenced the change in the position of the state on this issue are highlighted. The diametrically opposite positions and arguments on the issue of prohibition of certain types of work for women were investigated. The article examines the potential directions of state policy in the field of employment of women in heavy work and work with harmful and dangerous working conditions. The author concludes that the position of women and their status have changed which is due not only to legislative acts, political processes and achievements of scientific and technological progress, but also to changes that have taken place in the social consciousness.

Сurrent trends of professional training for future specialists in public administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Юліана МАЛИК
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Management Communication ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Generation

One of the most important terms for the development of modern Ukrainian society is the need for training such experts in any field, which are able to carry out their professional activity effectively, especially in conditions of the constant changes in the social and economic environment. Reforms in many spheres of Ukrainian society's life cause the needs for highly qualified specialists of the new generation who, after graduating from higher education establishments, receive, in addition to deep theoretical knowledge, practical training for performing high-level professional activities that will lead Ukraine to new world standards. Thus, in this article author exposes current tendencies of professional training for specialists in public administration. The professional activity of managers in any field is considered as a system of actions aimed at solving professional tasks within the framework of management communication. The author emphasizes that taking into account the current trends that have been studied in this scientific work, it is important to notice that the field of public administration is a complex formation of interrelated elements and the effectiveness of this will depend on a qualitative system of professional training for future specialists.

Sociological Profiling of Armed Robbery Convicts in Kirikiri Female Prisons, Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Richard Abayomi Aborisade ◽  
Similade Fortune Oni
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractIncreasing female involvement in violent crime is a concern in Nigeria; still, it is unclear what informs this sudden surge in a society that supposedly socializes feminine gender to be soft, caring, and compassionate. This article explores the sociological profiles of women involved in armed robbery, drawing case examples from 32 convicts in a Nigerian female penitentiary. It was found that women were made susceptible to deviance by some social factors such as familial variables, neighborhood characteristics, gender discrimination, neglect, and violence. Both primary and secondary social groups were found to be major facilitators in the initiation into crime, development of criminal career, entry into armed robbery, and maintenance of life as a robber. This article concludes that gender-based inequality in all social facets and the unfavorable socio-economic conditions in Nigeria increase the vulnerability of women to be recruited into criminality. A revival of the family institution, gender-neutral parenting, government’s intervention for improvement of socio-economic wellbeing, and gender education are suggested.

scholarly journals Inferring Emotion Tags from Object Images Using Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5333
Author(s):  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ehatisham-ul-Haq ◽  
Abdul Hannan ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Behavior Analysis

Emotions are a fundamental part of human behavior and can be stimulated in numerous ways. In real-life, we come across different types of objects such as cake, crab, television, trees, etc., in our routine life, which may excite certain emotions. Likewise, object images that we see and share on different platforms are also capable of expressing or inducing human emotions. Inferring emotion tags from these object images has great significance as it can play a vital role in recommendation systems, image retrieval, human behavior analysis and, advertisement applications. The existing schemes for emotion tag perception are based on the visual features, like color and texture of an image, which are poorly affected by lightning conditions. The main objective of our proposed study is to address this problem by introducing a novel idea of inferring emotion tags from the images based on object-related features. In this aspect, we first created an emotion-tagged dataset from the publicly available object detection dataset (i.e., “Caltech-256”) using subject evaluation from 212 users. Next, we used a convolutional neural network-based model to automatically extract the high-level features from object images for recognizing nine (09) emotion categories, such as amusement, awe, anger, boredom, contentment, disgust, excitement, fear, and sadness. Experimental results on our emotion-tagged dataset endorse the success of our proposed idea in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Overall, the proposed scheme achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 85% and 79% using top-level and bottom-level emotion tagging, respectively. We also performed a gender-based analysis for inferring emotion tags and observed that male and female subjects have discernment in emotions perception concerning different object categories.

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