scholarly journals Superficial temperature distribution patterns before and after physical activity in school children are indicative for personalized exercise coaching and disease prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dębiec-Bąk ◽  
Anna Skrzek ◽  
Halina Podbielska ◽  
Olga Golubnitschaja ◽  
Małgorzata Stefańska
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
School Children ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Thermoregulation is highly individual and predictive for potentially cascading pathologies. Altered and deficient thermoregulation is considered an important diagnostic indicator which can be of great clinical utility for specialized screening programs and individualized prediction and prevention of severe pathologies triggered early in life. Working hypothesis Individual thermoregulation can be objectively assessed by thermovision camera before and after exercises in school children stratified by age and gender that may be of great clinical utility for personalized training early in life in the framework of 3P medicine. Study design In this study, 60 female and male primary school children were exposed to physical exercises in the form of 45-min general fitness training. The subjects under examination were stratified by age: group 1 (7-year-olds), group 2 (9-year-olds), and group 3 (12-year-olds). Superficial body temperature patterns were measured by means of thermovision camera before and immediately after exercises, as well as after the 15-min recovery time. Temperature patterns were analyzed in 12 areas of the body front and back, covering trunk and upper and lower limbs. Results The obtained results revealed an individual and age-depended difference in response of the body to exercises. The first measurement prior to exercise (measurement 1) revealed no statistically significant differences in the mean surface temperature of all analyzed areas between 7- and 9-year-old children. Further, 7- and 9-year-old children did not differ significantly in the mean temperature recorded in the trunk compared to the 12-year-old children. However, in 12-year-old children, statistically significant higher values of the mean temperature of the upper and lower limbs, were observed compared to the group of 7-year-olds and significantly higher values of the mean temperature of the lower limbs compared to the group of 9-year-olds. Immediately after exercises (measurement 2), a statistically significant decrease in the temperature was noted in all groups and in all areas of the body. The greatest temperature change was observed in 12-year-olds, while the least one was measured in the youngest subjects. The statistically significant relation between the average trunk temperature of 7-year-old and 12-year-old children was observed: lower values of the mean temperature of the front and back of the trunk were noted in the group of 12-year-old children compared to the group of 7-year-olds. A significantly lower average temperature of the back of the trunk compared to the youngest group was also recorded in 9-year-old children. The study performed after the 15-min recovery time (measurement 3) showed an increase in the average temperature of all analyzed areas. In all subjects, the mean temperature recorded in measurement 3 did not differ significantly from the initial ones (measurement 1, prior to exercises). Only the mean temperature of the trunk back of 12-year-old children was significantly lower after the rest period compared to the initial examination. In all groups, the temperatures after exercises followed by a 15-min recovery returned to the initial ones, except of the trunk backs of 12-year-old children, where the temperature was lower than before exercises. Conclusions and expert recommendations in the framework of 3PM Thermovision analysis is an effective tool to assess individual thermoregulation and to stratify school children for personalized exercise coaching. Body exercise-based disease prevention early in life is effective when tailored to the person: multi-parametric guidance for prescribing exercises individually is needed. Contextually, proposed individualized training approach should be adapted to the age-dependent particularities and individual thermoregulation.

scholarly journals VI.—The Body-Temperature of Fishes and other Marine Animals.

1908 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
First Year ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

SUMMARYThe body-temperature of the following fishes, crustaceans, and echinoderms has been examined and compared with the temperature of the water in which they live:—Cod-fish (Gadus morrhua), ling (Molva vulgaris), torsk (Brosmius brosme), coal-fish or saithe (Gadus virens), haddock (Gadus œgelfinus), flounder (Pleuronectes flesus), smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), dog-fish (Scyllium catulus), shore crab (Carcinus mœnas), edible crab (Cancer pagurus), lobster (Homarus vulgaris), sea-urchin (Echinus esculentus), and starfish (Asterias rubens). The minimum, maximum, and mean temperature difference for each species are given in the following table:—The excess of temperature is most evident in the larger specimens. This is well shown in the case of the coal-fish, where in the adult it was 0°·7 C., and in the great majority (11 out of 12) of the young of the first year, 0°·0 C. The body-weight and the conditions under which the fish are captured probably form the most important factors in determining the temperature difference.In 14 codfish, where the rectal, blood, and muscle temperatures were recorded in the same individual, it was found to be highest in the muscle and lowest in the rectum, the mean temperature difference being 0°·46 C. for the muscle, 0°·41 C for the blood, and 0°·36 C. for the rectum.

scholarly journals SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 2: EFFECT OF SPRAY LANCE TYPE

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cerruto ◽  
Giuseppe Emma ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Internal Layer ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in a greenhouse with full developed tomato plants to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using handheld high pressure spray lances and when walking backwards during treatments. Two spray lance types (conventional with one nozzle and Yamaho C-6 with two steel nozzles, each with two orifices) and two working pressures (10 and 20 bar) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with two factors (spray lance and pressure) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates ranged from 775 up to 1252 L/ha, but all data were normalised to 1000 L/ha. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two spray lances and the two working pressures. However, the higher pressure improved significantly the deposit into the internal layer of the canopy (+57%), whereas the Yamaho C-6 spray lance produced a higher deposit on the external layer at any pressure. The greatest differences between external and internal layer were mainly concentrated in the middle and high parts of the canopy, where there were 55 007_Cerruto(557)_49 18-11-2009 11:59 Pagina 55 the highest values of LAI and number of foliar layers. The fraction of the applied volume rate on the ground was on average 25 percent and it was affected only by the pressure value: it increased from 21.7 to 28.7 percent when the pressure increased from 10 to 20 bar, due mainly to the contribution of the conventional spray lance under the sprayed twin-rows. Finally, neither pressure nor spray lance type affected significantly the dermal operator exposure. Upper limbs accounted for 51 percent of the total exposure, while trunk and lower limbs accounted for 24 percent each. The body parts more exposed were the left arm and the hands, but also relatively high was the deposit on the respirator, so operators should ever wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals OR-049 Monitoring and evaluation of Zhejiang Swimmers’ Altitude Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Training Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Peak Value

Objective (1)Through the blood physiological and biochemical tests during the altitude training, to analyze the body function of swimmers in this stage.(2) Through the individual lactate threshold tests before and after the altitude training,to analyze the effects of altitude training. Methods Eight swimmers took a 26-day altitude training session.The individual lactate threshold test was carried out by the Swedish Monak839E power cycle progressive loading method before and after the training;During the altitude training period, 5ml of the subjects' elbow vein was extracted and tested on an empty stomach and in a quiet state every Monday morning. Results (1)When swimmers reached the plateau, the hemoglobin value was indistinguishable from the plain(male 156.2±7.01，female 135.7±8.75g/L),From the hemoglobin value (male 154.03 + 5.67, female 134.23 + 9.66g/L), there was a decrease in both male and female in the second week.But hypoxia stimulated red blood cell production, and the body itself was gradually adapting to the training load.Thus, the hemoglobin value of the third week (male 157.17 + 3.7, female 141.93 + 10.06g/L) was significantly improved, and higher than the level of the first week.During the altitude training period, the mean value of male’s blood testosterone was 474.33 + 97.06ng/dl, and the female’s blood testosterone was 33.67 + 17.25ng/dl.Male’s blood testosterone was lower than the mean of the national team, because the study participants were youngers who were not fully developed and had shorter training years.There were different trends in blood testosterone value between male and female. Male’s blood testosterone values during the Monday morning of these three weeks were 479.67±76.25、492.33±83.61、451±153.41ng/dl respectively.female’s blood testosterone values during the Monday morning of these three weeks were 29.33±21.83、32±23.26、39.67±9.29ng/dl respectively.These further indicated that this altitude training plan was more suitable for male with shorter training years, and the body had certain fatigue accumulation, but the decrease range was within a reasonable range.However, the increase of blood testosterone per week in female indicated that the training stimulation depth was not enough, and the potential of athletes should be further explored.According to the changes of creatine kinase, the sensitivity of male to the change of altitude training intensity was also shown, and the highest value of creatine kinase was 731U/L in the first week.(2) From the value of the individual lactate threshold before and after altitude training, no matter male or female,the change was not obvious, but was generally improved, this may be the altitude training adopted the pattern of three and a half weeks, training time was short.Secondly, as a professional athlete, the "plastic space" gradually decreased with the extension of the training years.Most of the peak blood lactate occurred in 1-3 minutes of recovery period.and the average value increased from 8.96 + 1.86mmol/L before altitude training to 9.99 + 1.47mmol/L.Among them, the peak value of male’s blood lactate was increased from 8 + 2.22mmol/L before the altitude training to 10.91 + 1.43mmol/L, and there was a significant difference in the peak of blood lactate before and after the altitude training.However, the peak value of female’s blood lactate was decreased from 9.92 + 0.79mmol/L before the altitude training to 9.07 + 0.88mmol/L. This was mainly due to the fact that a member of the swimmers had caused the result, and this swimmer’s enduring lactate level was lower than the one before the plateau. Conclusions The altitude training generally improved athletes’ training ability, but based on factors such as training age, gender, should be targeted according to the individual situation of each athlete training plan, so as to achieve more from less.

The Effects of Uni- and Bilateral Fatigue on Postural and Power Tasks

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo H. Marchetti ◽  
Maria I.V. Orselli ◽  
Marcos Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral fatigue on both postural and power bipedal tasks. Ten healthy subjects performed two tasks: bipedal quiet standing and a maximal bipedal counter-movement jumping before and after unilateral (with either the dominant or nondominant lower limb) and bilateral (with both lower limbs) fatigue. We employed two force plates (one under each lower limb) to measure the ground reaction forces and center of pressure produced by subjects during the tasks. To quantify the postural sway during quiet standing, we calculated the resultant center of pressure (COP) speed and COP area of sway, as well as the mean weight distribution between lower limbs. To quantify the performance during the countermovement jumping, we calculated the jump height and the peak force of each lower limb. We observed that both unilateral and bilateral fatigue affected the performance of maximal voluntary jumping and standing tasks and that the effects of unilateral and bilateral fatigue were stronger in the dominant limb than in the nondominant limb during bipedal tasks. We conclude that unilateral neuromuscular fatigue affects both postural and power tasks negatively.

scholarly journals Body Image, Sexual Function, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Couples Before and After Gynecologic Cosmetic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Eftekhar ◽  
Marzieh Hajibabaei ◽  
Firoozeh Veisi ◽  
Zinat Ghanbari ◽  
Ali Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Women's Body Image ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study aimed to compare women’s body image, sexual function and satisfaction before and after gynecologic cosmetic surgery. The study also aimed to assess women husband’s sexual satisfaction. Materials and methods: This was a pretest-posttest study. A sample of 50 women attending the pelvic floor clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for gynecologic cosmetic surgery was entered into the study. Surgeries included labiaplasty, clitoral hoodectomy, vaginoplasty, vaginal rejuvenation, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy, perineoplasty, and perineorrhaphy. Women were assessed for the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI), the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ-F), and Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI-6) at two points in time: baseline (one week before surgery) and 3 months after surgery. Similarly, the male partners were assed for sexual satisfaction using the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ-M). To analyze the data paired samples t-test was applied. Results: The mean (SD) age of women was 43.36 (8.6) years and the mean (SD) duration of marriage was 22.18 (9.7) years. Ninety-four percent had history of vaginal delivery and 58.7 percent attend surgery due to husband’s sexual dissatisfaction. The results showed that women’s body image, sexual function and couples’ sexual satisfaction improved significantly after gynecologic cosmetic surgery (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that female genital cosmetic surgery improved the body image and sexual function of women and sexual satisfaction in couples that might lead to a more pleasurable and healthier marital relationship.

scholarly journals Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilita Ozoliņa ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Igors Ķīsis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

scholarly journals Oral health behavior among school children aged 11–13 years in Saveh, Iran: an evaluation of a theory-driven intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Karimy ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Shaghaygh Solayman Abadi ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
Marzieh Araban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Good oral health (OH) is essential for physical, social, mental health, and overall quality of life. This study assessed the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in changing oral health-related behaviors among school children aged 11–13 years in Saveh, Iran. Methods In this descriptive before and after study, participants were sixth-grade students at single sex primary schools in Saveh city, Iran. We recruited 356 school children in 2019. Using simple random sampling, a male and a female school per district were allocated to the experimental group and the remaining schools to the control group. Our planned oral health education consisted of four one-hour training sessions over 1 week. The first session familiarized the participants with important information about OH. In the second session, we applied a brain storming exercise to identify the benefits and barriers to flossing and brushing. In the third session, a short film about correct brushing and dental flossing technique was shown and research team also used role-playing to correct any mistakes. In the final session students were taught about the importance and the application of OH planning and given forms to help plan for brushing. Results Participants for the study included 356 students (180 in the experimental group and 176 in the control group) who completed the post-test questionnaire. The mean age ± standard deviation was 11.55 years ±0.93 in the experimental group and 11.58 years ±1.01 in the control group. After the intervention, the paired t-test indicated a significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the action plan and coping plan constructs in the experimental group before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Covariance analysis indicated a significant difference between scores of intervention and control groups under statistical control of post-test in two groups (covariate) after a peer-led education program (post-test) (p < 0.05). Conclusion A shortage of professional health workers in education settings together with the ease, usefulness and low-cost of this peer-led method, suggest further steps should be taken to implement it more widely to improve and enhance primary school aged students’ oral health behavior.

AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY: SUMMER SEQUENCE OF MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE AT WINNIPEG, SWIFT CURRENT, AND EDMONTON

1941 ◽  
Vol 19c (12) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Regular Sequence ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
The Mean

An analysis of the monthly sequence of mean temperature during the summer period, April–September, of the years 1894–1937 has been made by expressing each annual sequence as an orthogonal polynomial function of time. Whereas the precipitation sequence, previously studied, required terms of the fourth or fifth degree for its adequate representation, the average temperature sequence at all three stations was very closely approximated by a third degree polynomial. On the average, corresponding coefficients for each station differ significantly, indicating decreasing continentality of the temperature regime with distance westward from Winnipeg. Annual variations in corresponding coefficients for the three locations are appreciably correlated, but for the most part exhibit no regular sequence in time. However, in recent years at Edmonton the mean temperature for April has tended to be lower, and that for July and August to be slightly higher, than previously. There is some suggestion of a feeble inverse correlation in the annual fluctuations of temperature and precipitation.

Literature Review : Pengaruh Latihan Rom (Range Of Motion) Terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot Pada Pasien Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1407-1413
Author(s):  
Dwi Haryati ◽  
Nuniek Nizmah Fajriyah ◽  
Firman Faradisi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motion Exercise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStroke is an acute neurocological disease caused by blood vessel disorders in the brain that occur suddenly and can cause symptoms according to areas in the brain that occur suddenly and can cause symptoms of paralysis, difficulty speaking, numbness of one side of the body and other disorders. ROM (Range of Motion) exercise is the maximum number of movements performed by the joints under normal conditions where a person moves each joint according to normal movements either actively or passively.The purpose of this scientific paper is to determine the effect of giving Range Of Motion (ROM) on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.There is a difference in the mean (mean) before giving Range Of Motion therapy is 2.65 and after giving Range Of Motion is 3.62, there is an effect of giving Range Of Motion (ROM) therapy. Most of the respondents were male with a partial presentation (70%) and (30%) female, the age of the respondent in this study was >56 years old. Prior to ROM therapy, the degree of muscle strength was categorized as 0 to degree 2 and after ROM therapy, the degree of muscle strength was categorized as grade 2 to degree 4. The conclusion was that there was an increase in muscle strength before and after Range Of Motion (ROM) therapy. ROM therapy is effective for increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.Keywords: Muscle Strength, Range Of Motion (ROM), Stroke AbstrakStroke merupakan suatu penyait neurokologis akut yang disebabkan oleh gangguan pembulu darah otak yang terjadi secara mendadak dan dapat menimbulkan gejala yang sesuai dengan daerah di otak yang terserang terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan dapat menimbulkan gejala kelumpuhan, kesulitan bicara,mati rasa sebelah badan dan gangguan lainnya. Latihan ROM (Range of Motion) adalah jumlah maksimum gerakan yang yang dilakukan oleh sendi dalam keadaan normal dimana seseorang menggerakan masing-masing persendiannya sesuai gerakan normal baik secara aktif ataupun pasif. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Range Of Motion (ROM) Terhadap peningkatan kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke.Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata (mean) sebelum pemberian terapi Range Of Motion adalah 2,65 dan sesudah pemberian Range Of Motion adalah 3,62, terdapat pengaruh pemberian terapi Range Of Motion (ROM). Responden terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan presentasi sebagian (70%) dan (30%) perempuan, umur respoden pada penelitian ini berusia >56 tahun. Sebelum dilakukan terapi ROM derajat kekuatan otot termasuk katagori 0 hingga derajat 2 dan sesudah dilakukan terapi ROM derajat kekuatan otot termasuk kategori derajat 2 hingga derajat 4. Simpulan terdapat peningkatan kekuatan otot sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan terapi Range Of Motion (ROM). Terapi ROM efektif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke. Kata kunci : Kekuatan Otot, Range Of Motion (ROM), Stroke

Body Temperature of Young Lambs

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Hamdy ◽  
C. R. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean

The body temperatures of 37 Merino and Shropshire lambs were recorded for the first 100 days of life. Mean temperature of Merino lambs was found to be 102.8°F with a range of 100.2°– 104.0°F while the mean temperature of Shropshire lambs was 102.7°F with a range of 101.2°–104.4°F. There was no relation between the internal and atmospheric temperatures. Again, the correlation between the body and atmospheric temperatures within limited age groups was not statistically significant. The temperature of older lambs was less variable than that of younger lambs.

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