scholarly journals Growth and nitrogen removal characteristics of Halomonas sp. B01 under high salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (13) ◽  
pp. 1425-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Wang ◽  
Zhengzhong Jiang ◽  
Wenbo Dong ◽  
Xiaoya Liang ◽  
Linghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Expression Abundance

Abstract Purpose At present, the nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of the microbial treatment in the high-salinity nitrogenous wastewaters is relatively low. Study on the N removal behavior and properties of moderately halophilic bacteria Halomonas under high salinity is of great significance for the microbial treatment of high-salinity nitrogenous wastewater. Methods The response mechanism of Halomonas sp. B01 to high osmotic pressure stress was investigated by measuring the compatible solute ectoine concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The salt tolerance during growth and N removal of the strain was evaluated by measuring the activities of growth-related and N removal–related enzymes and the mRNA expression abundance of ammonia monooxygenase-encoding gene (amoA). The process of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SND) under high salinity was described by measuring the concentration of inorganic N. Result Halomonas sp. B01 synthesized ectoine under NaCl stress, and the intracellular ectoine concentration increased with increased NaCl concentration in the growth medium. When the NaCl concentration of the medium reached 120 g L−1, the malondialdehyde concentration and SOD activity were significantly increased to 576.1 μg mg−1 and 1.7 U mg−1, respectively. The growth-related and N removal–related enzymes of the strain were active or most active in medium with 30–60 g L−1 NaCl. The amoA of the strain cultured in medium with 60 g L−1 NaCl had the highest mRNA expression abundance. In the N removal medium containing 60 g L−1 NaCl and 2121 mg L−1 NH4+-N, SND by Halomonas sp. B01 was performed over 96 h and the N removal rate reached 98.8%. Conclusion In addition to the protective mechanism of synthetic compatible solutes, Halomonas sp. B01 had the repair mechanism of SOD for lipid peroxidation. The growth-related and N removal–related enzymes of the strain were most active at a certain salt concentration; amoA also had the highest mRNA expression abundance under high salinity. Halomonas sp. B01 could efficiently perform N removal by SND under high salinity.

Isolation and Characteristics of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification Bacterium, Bacillus cereus X7 at High Salinity

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Lei Yao ◽  
Li Na Qiu ◽  
Wei Wei Zhang ◽  
Ai Jun Gong ◽  
Zi Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen removal has been focused on in wastewater treatment field recently. A strain X7 was isolated from the sediment of pickle foodstuff wastewater. Based on its 16S rDNA sequence analysis, X7 was identified as Bacillus cereus. At NaCl concentration of 20 g/L, NH4+-N removal rate achieved 99.18%, when NO2--N and NO3--N removal rates were 77.24% and 68.6%, respectively. When NaCl concentration ranged from 0 to 40 g/L, the removal rate of NH4+-N was more than 97.59%. Therefore, due to the high nitrogen removal rate and excellent salt tolerance, Bacillus cereus X7 had a broad application prospect in the biodenitrification of brine wastewater.

scholarly journals Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria from Inland Petroleum- Producing Wells

Fine Focus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Maedgen Q. Lindsey ◽  
Jennifer R. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar

The goals of this study were to isolate microorganisms from oil well-produced water, identify the microorganisms, and test the microorganisms’ salt tolerance. Saltwater collected from two well locations producing from different zones in Jones County, Texas, was spread onto Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Isolates showed a 16S rDNA gene sequence identity of 99% with Idiomarina baltica and Marinobacter persicus. Salt tolerance assays indicated an optimal growth concentration of 10-12.5% NaCl for the Idiomarina isolate and a decrease in growth beyond 5% NaCl for the Marinobacter isolate. In conclusion, organisms that are phylogenetically similar to marine microorganisms are present in oil well environments, and have variable salt tolerances, which may prove useful in microbialmediated hydrocarbon bioremediation of high salinity environments.

scholarly journals A Subpressor Dose of Angiotensin II Elevates Blood Pressure in a Normotensive Rat Model by Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. GOVENDER ◽  
A. NADAR
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, and is an important etiological factor in the development of hypertension. Recent experimental evidence suggests that subpressor doses of angiotensin II elevate oxidative stress and blood pressure. We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress related mechanism by which a subpressor dose of angiotensin II induces hypertension in a normotensive rat model. Normotensive male Wistar rats were infused with a subpressor dose of angiotensin II for 28 days. The control group was sham operated and infused with saline only. Plasma angiotensin II and H2O2 levels, whole-blood glutathione peroxidase, and AT-1a, Cu/Zn SOD, and p22phox mRNA expression in the aorta was assessed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated in the experimental group. There was no change in angiotensin II levels, but a significant increase in AT-1a mRNA expression was found in the experimental group. mRNA expression of p22phox was increased significantly and Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant change to the H2O2 and GPx levels. Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2− production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat.

scholarly journals Denitrification-Potential Evaluation and Nitrate-Removal-Pathway Analysis of Aerobic Denitrifier Strain Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus RAD-2

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedong Kong ◽  
Wenbing Li ◽  
Yale Deng ◽  
Yunjie Ruan ◽  
Guangsuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Denitrification Reactor ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Marinobacter Hydrocarbonoclasticus

An aerobic denitrifier was isolated from a long-term poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV-supported denitrification reactor that operated under alternate aerobic/anoxic conditions. The strain was identified as Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus RAD-2 based on 16S rRNA-sequence phylogenetic analysis. Morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed with the API 20NE test. Strain RAD-2 showed efficient aerobic denitrification ability when using NO3−-N or NO2−-N as its only nitrogen source, while heterotrophic nitrification was not detected. The average NO3−-N and NO2−-N removal rates were 6.47 mg/(L·h)and 6.32 mg/(L·h), respectively. Single-factor experiments indicated that a 5:10 C/N ratio, 25–40 °C temperature, and 100–150 rpm rotation speed were the optimal conditions for aerobic denitrification. Furthermore, the denitrifying gene napA had the highest expression on a transcriptional level, followed by the denitrifying genes nirS and nosZ. The norB gene was found to have significantly low expression during the experiment. Overall, great aerobic denitrification ability makes the RAD-2 strain a potential alternative in enhancing nitrate management for marine recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) practices.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice via PI3K/AKT Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jing ◽  
Jing-Ru Jiang ◽  
Dong-Mei Liu ◽  
Ji-Wen Sheng ◽  
Wei-Fen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

The purpose of this study was to characterize the polysaccharides from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AMC) rhizome and explore the protective mechanism against d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in aging mice. Methods: A series of experiments, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy were carried out to characterize AMC polysaccharides. The mechanism was investigated exploring d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting assays were performed to assess the gene and protein expression in liver. Key findings: Our results showed that AMC polysaccharides were mainly composed of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (Glc A), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), and fucose (Fuc) in a molar ratio of 0.077:0.088:0.09:1:0.375:0.354:0.04 with a molecular weight of 33203 Da (Mw). AMC polysaccharides strikingly reversed d-galactose-induced changes in mice, including upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression, raised Bcl-2/Bax ratio, downregulated caspase-3 mRNA expression, enhanced Akt, phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt), Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression, decreased caspase-3, and Bax protein expression. Conclusion: AMC polysaccharides attenuated d-galactose-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, which might in part contributed to their anti-aging activity.

scholarly journals Anticolitic Effect of Berberine in Rat Experimental Model: Impact of PGE2/p38 MAPK Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Li Jia ◽  
Kuijin Xue ◽  
Junheng Liu ◽  
Ola A. Habotta ◽  
Lianhai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses

Berberine (BER), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has been demonstrated to have appreciable anticolitis effects. Nevertheless, the protective mechanism of BER in ulcerative colitis (UC) is barely understood. The present study was aimed at exploring the therapeutic efficacy of BER on UC in experimental colitis rat model. Rats were orally administered with BER for seven days at low and high doses (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) before AcOH intracolonic instillation. BER significantly retrieved colon inflammation and mucosal damage indicated by inhibition of macroscopic score and lessened the levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MPO, and PGE2). Notable downregulation of mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and increased protein expression of TGF-β were achieved by BER treatment. The anti-inflammatory potential of BER was supported by the histopathological screening of colon mucosa. In addition, BER restored colonic antioxidant capacity through elevation of GSH level and antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) together with reductions of both MDA and NO levels. Marked downregulation of Nos2 mRNA expression is accompanied by increased Nrf2 and Hmox-1 expressions in colon specimens treated by BER. Furthermore, BER exhibited noticeable antiapoptotic activities through decreasing proapoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and lessening antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein in the colon mucosa. Based on these findings, BER may improve colitis markedly which may be mediated by its striking antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.

scholarly journals Increase of E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 expression leads to degradation of its target proteins PTEN/IGF1R during the formation of goose fatty liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchi Yan ◽  
Minmeng Zhao ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Tongjun Liu ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Gene 4

Abstract Goose fatty liver may have a unique protective mechanism as it does not show a pathological injury even in the case of severe steatosis. Although neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4 (NEDD4) participates in repair and regeneration of injured liver through its target proteins, its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains unknown. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblot analyses, here, we found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of NEDD4 were induced in goose fatty liver compared with normal liver. The mRNA expression of the gene of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was also induced in goose fatty liver; however, their protein expression was or tended to be suppressed. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that there was a physical association between NEDD4 and PTEN in goose liver, which was consistent with the ubiquitination of PTEN in goose fatty liver. Furthermore, NEDD4 overexpression in goose primary hepatocytes suppressed the PTEN and IGF1R protein levels without a significant effect on their mRNA expression. In conclusion, the increased expression of NEDD4 leads to the degradation of PTEN and IGF1R proteins through ubiquitination in goose fatty liver, suggesting that NEDD4 may protect goose fatty liver from severe steatosis-associated injury via its target proteins during the development of goose fatty liver.

The Effect of EA on the Gastric Mucosal Histology and ITF mRNA Expression in Stress-Induced Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014
Author(s):  
Xi-Ping Li ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
Shou-Xiang Yi ◽  
Xiao-Rong Chang ◽  
Ya-Ping Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Histological Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Intestinal Trefoil Factor ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Stomach Meridian

This study focuses on the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the gastric mucosal histology and ITF (intestinal trefoil factor) mRNA in stress-related rat, and the relationship between the gastric protective mechanism of EA at acupoints of Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (SMFY) group and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang (GMFS) group. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control group (BCG), model control group (MCG), SMFY group (EA at acupoints of SMFY for 7 days before model inducing), and GMFS group (EA at acupoints of GMFS for 7 days before model inducing). All rats (except normal group) were made model by water immersion and restriction (WRS) on day 7, then the gastric mucosal lesion index (GUI) was accessed, ITF mRNA expression of the tissue was detected by reverse- transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and the histological change under light microscope was observed. As a result, the GUI value in SMFY/GMFS groups decreased significantly ( p < 0.05 or 0.01). The level of ITF mRNA expression in SMFY group was significantly higher than that in MCG ( p < 0.01), while that in GMFS group was higher than MCG but there was no statistical difference ( p < 0.05). This result may be due to the intrinsic mechanism of EA's gastric mucosal protection by the upregulation of ITF mRNA expression in gastric mucosal tissue, and the expression variance indicated the classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory "Relative Particularity between SMFY and Stomach.".

Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification at high concentrations of NaCl and ammonia nitrogen by Halomonas bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Ling Hua Zhang ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Yi Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
N Removal ◽  
High Concentrations

To improve the efficiency of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SND) at high concentrations of NaCl and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+—N), we investigated the SND characteristics of Halomonas bacteria with the ability to synthesize the compatible solute ectoine. Halomonas sp. strain B01, which was isolated, screened and identified in this study, could simultaneously remove nitrogen (N) by SND and synthesize ectoine under high NaCl conditions. Gene cloning and sequencing analysis indicated that this bacterial genome contains ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) and nitrate reductase (narH) genes. Optimal conditions for N removal in a solution containing 600 mg/L NH4+–N were as follows: sodium succinate supplied as organic carbon (C) source at a C/N ratio of 5, pH 8 and shaking culture at 90 rpm. The N removal rate was 96.0% under these conditions. The SND by Halomonas sp. strain B01 was performed in N removal medium containing 60 g/L NaCl and 4,000 mg/L NH4+–N; after 180 h the residual total inorganic N concentration was 21.7 mg/L and the N removal rate was 99.2%. Halomonas sp. strain B01, with the ability to synthesize the compatible solute ectoine, could simultaneously tolerate high concentrations of NaCl and NH4+–N and efficiently perform N removal by SND.

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