Patterns of transcription of a virus-like agent in tumor and non-tumor tissues in bicolor damselfish

2004 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Rahn ◽  
Patrick D.L. Gibbs ◽  
Michael C. Schmale
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Bicolor Damselfish

THE CONTRIBUTION OF LACTATE AND PHOSPHATE ANIONS TO THE BUFFER PROPERTIES OF TISSUE HOMOGENATES OF BREAST ADENOCARCINOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-690
Author(s):  
Margarita Barsukova ◽  
Yekaterina Khomutova ◽  
Yevgeniy Khomutov
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Phosphate Anions

The article discusses the role of conjugated lactic acid/ lactate anion (LacH/Lac-) and dihydrogenphosphate anion/ hydrogenphosphate anion (H2PO4-/HPO42-) pairs in the formation of the buffer properties of tissue as a factor determining pH. The buffer properties of homogenates of the tissue of adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland and the adjacent tissue were quantitatively characterized by the buffer capacity which was determined by potentiometric titration. The concentrations of acid anions were determined spectrophotometrically. The material was biopsy specimens of mammary gland adenocarcinoma (T1-4, N0-1, M0) and adjacent tissue of 22 patients aged from 33 to 75 years. It was found that the buffer capacity of tumors is in 2.5 times higher than in normal tissue. It was established that for the tumor tissue, the buffer capacity of the LacH/Lac- system is in 3 times higher, and the buffer capacity of the H2PO4-/HPO42-system is in 2.5 times greater than for normal untransformed tissue. Concentrations of lactate anions (1,93 ± 0,50 vs 0,57 ± 0,22; p <0.001) and phosphate anions (2,54 ± 0,39 vs 0,70 ± 0,19; p <0,001) in homogenates of the tumor tissue were significantly higher in tumor tissue in comparison with the adjacent tissue. A strong correlation was found between the concentration of phosphate anions and the buffer capacity for tumor tissue (r = 0,857; p = 0,002) and for adjacent tissue (r = 0,917; p <0,001). The correlation between the concentration of lactate anions and the buffer capacity for tumor tissues can be estimated as average (r = 0,626; p = 0,053), while it is absent for the adjacent tissue (r = 0,494; p = 0,147). The results suggest that the acid-base properties of homogenates of mammary adenocarcinoma tissues are determined by two buffer systems: LacH/Lac- and H2PO4-/HPO42-, while the intracellular acid-base homeostasis of non-transformed tissues is mainly determined by the H2PO4-/HPO42- system.

Role of Exosomes in Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6815-6824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Chuanshan Xu ◽  
Wingnang Leung ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
Xiaowen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Significant Attention

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for malignancies based on photochemical reaction induced by Photosensitizers (PS) under light irradiation. Recent studies show that PDT caused the abundant release of exosomes from tumor tissues. It is well-known that exosomes as carriers play an important role in cell-cell communication through transporting many kinds of bioactive molecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA). Therefore, to explore the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy has been attracting significant attention. In the present paper, we will briefly introduce the basic principle of PDT and exosomes, and focus on discussing the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy, to further enrich and boost the development of PDT.

Role of Regulatory Oncogenic or Tumor Suppressor miRNAs of PI3K/AKT Signaling Axis in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4605-4610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atena Soleimani ◽  
Farzad Rahmani ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Mikhail Ryzhikov ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Radio Therapy ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and its incidence is increasing. In most patients with CRC, the PI3K/AKT signaling axis is over-activated. Regulatory oncogenic or tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) for PI3K/AKT signaling regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, as well as resistance to chemo-/radio-therapy in colorectal cancer tumor tissues. Thus, regulatory miRNAs of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling represent novel biomarkers for new patient diagnosis and obtaining clinically invaluable information from post-treatment CRC patients for improving therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs’ regulatory roles of PI3K/AKT signaling in CRC pathogenesis.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus 9-mediated expression of Kallistatin suppresses lung tumor growth in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Qu ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Yaqing Wu ◽  
Ruian Xu ◽  
Shaowu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Xenograft

Background:: Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in China and worldwide. Traditional surgery and chemotherapy do not offer an effective cure although gene therapy may be a promising future alter-native. Kallistatin (Kal) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is considered the most promising vector for gene therapy of many diseases due to persistent and long-term transgen-ic expression. Objective:: The aim of this study was to investigate whether rAAV9-Kal inhibited NCI-H446 subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in mice. Method:: The subcutaneous xenograft mode were induced by subcutaneous injection of 2×106 H446 cells into the dorsal skin of BALB/c nude mice. The mice were administered with ssrAAV9-Kal (single-stranded rAAV9) or dsrAAV9-Kal (double-stranded rAAV9）by intraperitoneal injection (I.P.). Tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined by anti-CD34 stain-ing to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. Results:: Compared with the PBS (blank control) group, tumor growth in the high-dose ssrAAV9-Kal group was inhibited by 40% by day 49, and the MVD of tumor tissues was significantly decreased. Conclusion:: The results indicate that this therapeutic strategy is a promising approach for clinical cancer therapy and impli-cate rAAV9-Kal as a candidate for gene therapy of lung cancer.

Calreticulin is Differentially Expressed in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Asma Tariq ◽  
Rana Muhammad Mateen ◽  
Iram Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Waheed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Grade Ii

Objective: The aim of the present study was to build protein profiles of untreated breast cancer patients of invasive ductal carcinoma grade II at tissue level in Pakistani population and to compare 2-D profiles of breast tumor tissues with matched normal tissues in order to evaluate for variations of proteins among them. Materials & Methods: Breast tissue profiles were made after polytron tissue lysis and rehydrated proteins were further characterized by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. On the basis of isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight, proteins were identified by online tool named Siena 2-D database and their identification was further confirmed by using MALDI-TOF. Results: Among identified spots, 10 proteins were found to be differentially expressed i.e.; COX5A, THIO, TCTP, HPT, SODC, PPIA, calreticulin (CRT), HBB, albumin and serotransferrin. For further investigation, CRT was selected. The level of CRT in tumors was found to be significantly higher than in normal group (p < 0.05). The increased expression of CRT level in tumor was statistically significant (p = 0.010) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Mann-Whitney. CRT was found distinctly expressed in high amount in tumor tissue as compared to their matched normal tissues. Conclusion: It has been concluded that CRT expression could discriminate between normal tissue and tumor tissue so it might serve as a possible candidate for future studies in cancer diagnostic markers.

HCA587 protein vaccine induces specific antitumor immunity mediated by CD4+ T-cells expressing granzyme B in a mouse model of melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiming Yang ◽  
Weiheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaozhong Wang ◽  
Liming Tan ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Granzyme B ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: The antigen HCA587 (also known as MAGE-C2), which is considered a cancer-testis antigen, exhibits upregulated expression in a wide range of malignant tumors with unique immunological properties, and may thus serve as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. Objective: To explore the antitumor effect of the HCA587 protein vaccine and the response of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Methods: The HCA587 protein vaccine was formulated with adjuvants CpG and and ISCOM. B16 melanoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated to C57BL/6 mice, followed by treatment with HCA587 protein vaccine subcutaneously. Mouse survival was monitored daily, and tumor volume was measured every 2 to 3 days. The tumor sizes, survival time and immune cells in tumor tissues were detected. And the vital immune cell subset and effector molecules were explored. Results: After treatment with HCA587 protein vaccine, the vaccination generated elicited significant immune responses, which delayed tumor growth and improved animal survival. The vaccination increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and granzyme B in tumor tissues. Depletion of CD4+T cells resulted in an almost complete abrogation of the antitumor effect of the vaccination, suggesting that the antitumor efficacy was mediated by CD4+ T cells. In addition, knockout of IFN-γ resulted in a decrease in granzyme B levels which were secreted by CD4+ T cells, and the antitumor effect was also significantly attenuated. Conclusion: The HCA587 protein vaccine may increase the levels of granzyme B expressed by CD4+ T cells, and this increase is dependent on IFN-γ, and the vaccine resulted in a specific tumor immune response and subsequent eradication of the tumor.

scholarly journals High Apelin Level Indicates a Poor Prognostic Factor in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yang ◽  
Yan-Lei Li ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Zheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
High Tumor Stage ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Purpose. To compare the expression level of apelin in muscle-invasive bladder cancer and matched paracarcinoma tissues and investigate the relationship between apelin and clinical prognosis in the patients. Methods. To assess apelin expression by using immunohistochemical method compared with bladder tumors and matched paracarcinoma tissues. Subsequently, the correlation of apelin expression with the clinicopathological features of bladder cancer patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves method was used to analyze apelin prognostic significance for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (including 404 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients and 28 normal bladder tissues, in TCGA dataset). Results. Apelin protein level was overexpressed in bladder tumor tissues compared with paracarcinoma tissues. Furthermore, high apelin expression was associated with high tumor stage (P<0.05), distant metastasis (P<0.05), and vascular invasion (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve analyses showed that the overexpression of apelin was a potential predictor of overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusion. Apelin was upregulated in bladder tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent noncancer tissues, especially in the high tumor stage, distant metastasis, and vascular invasion. What is more, high expression of apelin in muscle-invasive bladder cancer indicates the poor prognosis. These data suggested that apelin might be a therapeutic potential biomarker in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.

scholarly journals Oxidized Phospholipids in Tumor Microenvironment Stimulate Tumor Metastasis via Regulation of Autophagy

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Jin Kyung Seok ◽  
Eun-Hee Hong ◽  
Gabsik Yang ◽  
Hye Eun Lee ◽  
Sin-Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Oxidized Phospholipids ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Oxidized phospholipids are well known to play physiological and pathological roles in regulating cellular homeostasis and disease progression. However, their role in cancer metastasis has not been entirely understood. In this study, effects of oxidized phosphatidylcholines such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy were determined in cancer cells by immunoblotting and confocal analysis. Metastasis was analyzed by a scratch wound assay and a transwell migration/invasion assay. The concentrations of POVPC and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (PGPC) in tumor tissues obtained from patients were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. POVPC induced EMT, resulting in increase of migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and human breast cancer cells (MCF7). POVPC induced autophagic flux through AMPK-mTOR pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of autophagy decreased migration and invasion of POVPC-treated HepG2 and MCF7 cells. POVPC and PGPC levels were greatly increased at stage II of patient-derived intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues. PGPC levels were higher in malignant breast tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. The results show that oxidized phosphatidylcholines increase metastatic potential of cancer cells by promoting EMT, mediated through autophagy. These suggest the positive regulatory role of oxidized phospholipids accumulated in tumor microenvironment in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis.

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