scholarly journals A novel fusiform aneurysmal model in a rabbit carotid: a combination of pericarotid calcium chloride and elastase incubation

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S12-S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Alaqeel ◽  
C Meek ◽  
J Wong ◽  
A Mitha
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Carotid Aneurysms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Digital Subtraction Angiography Imaging

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel, simple and effective model of fusiform artery aneurysms in rabbits using a combination of periaortic calcium chloride (CaCl2) and elastase incubation. Methods: Fusiform aneurysms were developed in three New Zealand White rabbits by exposing a 2 cm segment of the right carotid artery to CaCl2 (0.5 mol/L) and pancreatic porcine elastase (75 U) for 20 minutes. The left carotid was used as a control. Vessel diameter was measured by serial digital subtraction angiography imaging at weeks 2, 4 and 6. Animals were sacrificed on week 6 and histopathological studies were performed. Results: All rabbits developed a fusiform aneurysm, with an average dilation ratio of 105%±10% by week 6. No mortality was reported. Histopathological studies revealed pathological features consistent with fusiform aneurysms. Conclusions: This novel rabbit model of fusiform carotid aneurysms is the first in the literature by using a combination of periaortic CaCl2 and elastase incubation. This is a simple, reliable, and effective technique and results in a potentially valuable model for the study of fusiform aneurysms and possible therapeutic interventions, such as flow diversion.

scholarly journals Study of the Soil—Plant (Carrot)—Animal Cycle of Nutritive and Hazardous Minerals in a Rabbit Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bersényi ◽  
S. Fekete ◽  
I. Hullár ◽  
I. Kádár ◽  
M. Szilágyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.

scholarly journals A framework of current based defibrillation improves defibrillation efficacy of biphasic truncated exponential waveform in rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiming Li ◽  
Jingru Li ◽  
Liang Wei ◽  
Jianjie Wang ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Shock Duration ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Shock Impedance ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
The Right

AbstractDefibrillation is accomplished by the passage of sufficient current through the heart to terminate ventricular fibrillation (VF). Although current-based defibrillation has been shown to be superior to energy-based defibrillation with monophasic waveforms, defibrillators with biphasic waveforms still use energy as a therapeutic dosage. In the present study, we propose a novel framework of current-based, biphasic defibrillation grounded in transthoracic impedance (TTI) measurements: adjusting the charging voltage to deliver the desired current based on the energy setting and measured pre-shock TTI; and adjusting the pulse duration to deliver the desired energy based on the output current and intra-shock TTI. The defibrillation efficacy of current-based defibrillation was compared with that of energy-based defibrillation in a simulated high impedance rabbit model of VF. Cardiac arrest was induced by pacing the right ventricle for 60 s in 24 New Zealand rabbits (10 males). A defibrillatory shock was applied with one of the two defibrillators after 90 s of VF. The defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) at different pathway impedances were determined utilizing a 5-step up-and-down protocol. The procedure was repeated after an interval of 5 min. A total of 30 fibrillation events and defibrillation attempts were investigated for each animal. The pulse duration was significantly shorter, and the waveform tilt was much lower for the current-based defibrillator. Compared with energy-based defibrillation, the energy, peak voltage, and peak current DFT were markedly lower when the pathway impedance was > 120 Ω, but there were no differences in DFT values when the pathway impedance was between 80 and 120 Ω for current-based defibrillation. Additionally, peak voltage and the peak current DFT were significantly lower for current-based defibrillation when the pathway impedance was < 80 Ω. In sum, a framework of adjusting the charging voltage and shock duration to deliver constant energy for low impedance and constant current for high impedance via pre-shock and intra-shock impedance measurements, greatly improved the defibrillation efficacy of high impedance by lowering the energy DFT.

Tissue Damage Caused by the Intramuscular Injection of Long-Acting Penicillin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
Harry Schanzer ◽  
Julius H. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Right

In order to elucidate whether tissue damage produced on occasion by intramuscular injection of longacting penicillin is due to accidental intra-arterial injection or vasospasm, two types of experiments were carried out in rabbits. In the first set of experiments, six New Zealand White rabbits were given intra-arterial injections of 0.4 mL of a mixture containing 300,000 U of penicillin G benzathine and 300,000 units of penicillin procaine per milliliter (Bicillin C-R) into the left femoral artery and 0.4 mL of normal saline into the right femoral artery as autocontrol. In a second set of experiments, 0.4 mL of the same penicillin preparation was injected in the space surrounding the left femoral artery in five New Zealand rabbits, and 0.4 mL of normal saline was injected in a similar fashion around the right femotal artery as control. The legs of the rabbits that received the intra-arterial injection of penicillin invariably developed ischemic manifestations. None of the legs of rabbits given intra-arterial injections of normal saline had pathologic manifestations. None of the rabbits that received the periarterial penicillin preparation or normal saline developed abnormalities. These results strongly suggest that the tissue damage produced by penicillin is secondary to the intra-arterial administration of the drug.

scholarly journals Comparative study of inflammatory response and adhesions formation after fixation of different meshes for inguinal hernia repair in rabbits

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Goldenberg ◽  
Jacques Matone ◽  
Wagner Marcondes ◽  
Fernando Augusto Mardiros Herbella ◽  
José Francisco de Mattos Farah
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Mesh Fixation ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Preperitoneal Space ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: Compare, in a rabbit model, the inflammatory response and adhesions formation following surgical fixation of polypropilene and Vypro mesh in the inguinal preperitoneal space. METHODS: Fourteen male New Zealand rabbits, weighing between 2.000 to 2.500 g were used. A midline incision was made and the peritoneal cavity was exposed. The 2,0X1,0 cm polypropylene mesh was fixed in the left flank and secured to the margins with 3-0 prolene in a separate pattern. In the right flank, a 2,0X1,0 cm Vypro II mesh was sewn in the same way. After the post surgical period, the animals were again anesthetized and underwent laparoscopic approach, in order to identify and evaluate adhesions degree. Both fixed prosthesis were excised bilaterally with the abdominal wall segment, including peritoneum, aponeurosis and muscle and sent to a pathologist RESULTS: Operative time ranged from 15 to 25 minutes and no difficulties in applying the mesh were found. From the 14 polypropylene meshes fixed to the intact peritoneum, 11 had adhesions to the abdominal cavity (78,6%). Concerning Vypro mesh, 12 animals developed adhesions from the 14 with mesh fixation (85,7%). Histological examination of tissues harvested revealed fibroblasts, collagen, macrophages and lymphocytes between the threads of the mesh. CONCLUSION: Polypropylene and Vypro mesh, when implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits provoke similar amount of adhesions. Vypro mesh tissues had higher fibrosis resulting in better mesh incorporation to the abdominal wall.

scholarly journals Effects of bone cement filling in rabbit proximal femoral medullary cavity on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 5237-5244
Author(s):  
Li-Cheng Xi ◽  
Hong-Yu Li ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Si-Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Point

Objective A rabbit model was used to evaluate the effects of bone-cemented hip arthroplasty on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism relative to that of the non-cemented contralateral leg. Methods The marrow cavity of the right hind femur was filled with bone cement. At each of the following time points, rabbits were randomly selected to receive an injection of one dose of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and then immediately scanned using a gamma camera: immediately postoperatively and at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. A BL-410 model biofunction experimental system was used to analyze the acquired images and determine the radioactive counts of each hind leg. Results The X-ray and photographic images of the right femoral bones confirmed successful filling of the marrow cavity with bone cement. The radioactive counts were significantly lower in the experimental than control legs at each time point. The ratio of the radioactive count of the experimental to control leg increased considerably at each time point, but each ratio was <1. Conclusion Blocking the proximal femoral medullary cavity with bone cement was associated with significant lowering of the blood circulation of the femur and marrow, decreasing the distal femoral blood flow and bone metabolic rate.

scholarly journals Effect of peripheral iridectomy on VEGF-A and TGF-β levels in rabbit aqueous humour

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel C. Y. Chew ◽  
Li-Fong Seet ◽  
Stephanie W. L. Chu ◽  
Nyein C. Lwin ◽  
Tina T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Filtration Surgery ◽  
Glaucoma Filtration Surgery ◽  
Peripheral Iridectomy ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Peripheral iridectomy (PI), routinely performed during glaucoma filtration surgery, may contribute to scarring. This study aims to determine whether PI alters the concentrations of VEGF-A and TGF-β isoforms in the rabbit aqueous humour. Methods Anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) was performed in both eyes of six New Zealand white rabbits, with additional surgical PI performed in the right eyes. Eyes were examined on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 7, 30 and 60 by means of the tonopen, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and bead-based cytokine assays for TGF-β and VEGF-A concentrations in the aqueous humor. Results ACP caused a significant reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) from mean preoperative 11.47 ± 1.01 mmHg to 5.67 ± 1.63 mmHg on POD 1 while PI did not cause further IOP reduction. Limbal conjunctival vasculature appeared slightly increased on POD 1 in both ACP and PI eyes with PI also causing mild bleeding from damaged iris vessels. Two PI eyes developed fibrinous anterior chamber reaction and/ or peripheral anterior synechiae. Aqueous VEGF-A levels were not significantly different between eyes treated with ACP and PI. Aqueous TGF-β concentrations distributed in the ratio of 4:800:1 for TGF-β1:TGF-β2:TGF-β3 respectively. While aqueous TGF-β2 was not significantly induced by either procedure at any time point, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were significantly induced above baseline levels by PI on POD 1. Conclusion PI increases the risk of inflammation. The combined induction of aqueous TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 by PI in glaucoma surgery may impact surgery success in glaucoma subtypes sensitive to these isoforms.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal and Extra-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical (c-KIT) Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parasappa Joteppa Yaranal ◽  
N Prasanna ◽  
Anantharao Shankar Anand
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Pain Abdomen ◽  
Bleeding Per Rectum ◽  
Malignant Gists ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) is one of the most common mesenchymal tumours of GIT. They have been proved to be arising from the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal, these cells are involved in gut motility and peristaltic movements. They can also rarely arise outside the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) from retroperitoneum, mesentery and omentum called as Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST). Single best defining feature of GIST is positivity for Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase (c-KIT). Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse clinicopathological features and c-KIT expression in both gastrointestinal and EGISTs. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational (cohort) study; over a period of two years from January 2018 to December 2019, done at Navodaya Medical College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, which comprised of 12 cases of GIST. All the cases were a resected specimens and thorough evaluation of clinical, imaging and histopathological studies were done and forwarded for immunohistochemistry for c-KIT expression. Results: Age of cases ranged from 04-70 years, mean age being 50.6 years and male to female ratio 2:1. Presenting symptoms of most of GIST were pain abdomen, diarrhea and few with vomiting whereas, rectosigmoid GISTs (2 cases and one with metastasis to liver) were associated with pain abdomen, bleeding per rectum and constipation. One case of retroperitoneal (extraintestinal) GIST was asymptomatic and other presented with pain in the right hip due to secondaries and one benign gastric serosal GIST was associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. The CT scan in two of malignant GISTs, confirmed metastasis and c-KIT study was negative in these 2 malignant GISTs. Conclusion: This study reaffirms importance of CD117 in diagnosis of GIST and EGIST, however, the negativity of CD117 does not rule out GIST, which requires thorough clinico-radiological and pathological correlation.

Temporomandibular Joint Kinematics of the Rabbit Model With Mechanically Disrupted Occlusion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Henderson ◽  
Alejandro J. Almarza ◽  
Scott Tashman ◽  
Amy L. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Injury Model

Degeneration of the articulating surfaces and pain associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction are the primary symptoms of TMJ disorders (TMDs), where normal life activities such as eating, talking, and even sleeping may be drastically impaired [1–3]. To accelerate the discovery of effective therapeutic interventions for the treatment of TMD pain, we have been establishing a novel non-invasive approach for objectively assessing the presence of joint hypersensitivity. Our approach to identify chronic joint pain is based on evidence that all of the etiological factors associated with TMD pain implicate remodeling and degeneration of the joint in response to alterations in motion and loading. The injury model used for this study was a reversible, mechanical model through splint placement on the molars. It is hypothesized that arthrokinematic analysis will identify a specific pattern of functional changes that constitute a signature for the presence of irreversible damage.

Role of Phytomolecules in the Treatment of Obesity: Targets, Mechanisms and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shampa Ghosh ◽  
Srividya Manchala ◽  
Manchala Raghunath ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Right

: Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. It triggers additional co-morbidities like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, depression, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal problems and many more. Excess accumulation of fat in obesity could be caused by many factors like sedentary lifestyle, consumption of high fat diet, genetic predisposition, etc. Imbalanced energy metabolism i.e., greater energy consumption than utilisation, invariably underlies obesity. Considering the high prevalence and continuous, uncontrolled increase of this major public health issue, there is an urgent need to find appropriate therapeutic agents with minimal or no side effects. The high prevalence of obesity in recent years has led to a surge in the number of drugs available in the market that claim to control obesity. Although there is a long list of medicines and management strategies that are available, selecting the right therapeutic intervention and feasible management of obesity is a challenge. Several phytochemicals like hydroxycitric acid, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, phytohaemagglutins, thymoquinone and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to possess promising anti-obesity properties. However, studies providing information on how various phytochemicals exert their anti-obesity effects are inadequate. This calls for more experimentation in this less explored area of research. Additionally, the complication of obesity arises when it is a result of multiple factors and associated with a number of co-morbidities. In order to handle such complexities combinatorial therapeutic interventions become effective. In this review, we have described the medicinal chemistry of different highly effective phytochemicals which can be used in the effective treatment and management of obesity.

Cerebral angiography using transauricular access in a rabbit model: a new technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512091567
Author(s):  
Hak Jin Kim ◽  
Seon Hee Choi ◽  
So-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Yong-Woo Kim ◽  
Byung Hak Jhun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Guide Wire ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cardiac Chamber ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Background Cerebral angiography in a rabbit model is widely used in the field of interventional radiology. Conventionally, the femoral artery is used for cerebral angiography in radiology departments. However, angiographic studies require surgical cutdown of the femoral artery, which is technically difficult. Purpose To evaluate a new cerebral angiography technique involving a transauricular approach in a rabbit model. Material and Methods In each of 10 rabbits, central auricular arteries were punctured in the right or left ear with a 20-gauge i.v. catheter. A microcatheter (2.0 F) with a 0.016-inch guide wire was introduced through the i.v. catheter and advanced to the aortic arch. The microcatheter and guide wire were advanced selectively into cerebral arteries and angiography was performed. Results Central auricular arteries were successfully punctured with 20-gauge i.v. catheters. After approaching the aortic arch, microcatheter tips and guide wires were advanced manually to cerebral arteries on both sides. Difficulties in selecting the carotid arteries were resolved by using a looping technique within the cardiac chamber. Microcatheter loops within the cardiac chamber disappeared or remained during artery superselection. Conclusion Transauricular cerebral angiography appears to be a feasible technique for brain or carotid intervention studies in rabbits. In addition, vertebral angiography using a transauricular approach is possible using the looping technique. Selection of carotid or vertebral arteries on each side was not difficult when the microcatheter and guide wire were looped within the cardiac chamber. The ear chosen for the initial puncture does not appear to be important.

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