Metabolomic profiling of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet provides novel insights for the nutritional epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Shahen Yashpal ◽  
Angela D. Liese ◽  
Beatrice A. Boucher ◽  
Lynne E. Wagenknecht ◽  
Steven M. Haffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

Abstract Adherence to the DASH diet is inversely associated with T2DM risk. Metabolic changes due to DASH adherence and their potential relationship with incident T2DM have not been described. The objective is to determine metabolite clusters associated with adherence to a DASH-like diet in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) cohort and explore if the clusters predicted 5-year incidence of T2DM. The current study included the 570 non-diabetic multi-ethnic participants aged 40 - 69 years. Adherence to a DASH-like diet was determined a priori through an 80-point scale for absolute intakes of the eight DASH food groups. Quantitative measurements of 87 metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, sterols, and fatty acids) were obtained at baseline. Metabolite clusters related to DASH adherence were determined through partial least squares (PLS) analysis using R. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression (MLR) was used to explore the associations between metabolite clusters and incident T2DM. A group of acylcarnitines and fatty acids loaded strongly on the two components retained under PLS. Among strongly loading metabolites, a select group of acylcarnitines had over 50% of their individual variance explained by the PLS model. Component 2 was inversely associated with incident T2DM (Odds ratio (OR): 0.89; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.80-0.99, p-value = 0.043) after adjustment for demographic and metabolic covariates. Component 1 was not associated with T2DM risk (OR: 1.02; 95% CI 0.88-1.19, p-value = 0.74). Adherence to a DASH-type diet may contribute to reduced T2DM risk in part through modulations in acylcarnitine and fatty acid physiology.

Abstract MP091: Healthy Eating Index and Food Based a Priori Diet Pattern Score and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: The Iowa Women’s Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Mursu ◽  
Katie A Meyer ◽  
Kim Robien ◽  
Lisa Harnack ◽  
David R Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Disease Specific Mortality ◽  
Iowa Women's Health Study ◽  
Diet Score

Introduction Summary measures of food quality such as the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) predict the risk of total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most of the scores are impractical for public use in that they are based on selected nutrients rather than foods. We have created an a priori diet pattern score which is exhaustive and food based. Hypothesis We assessed the hypothesis that food quality scores (both AHEI and a priori diet score) are associated with a reduced risk of total and disease specific mortality. Methods We analyzed data from 24,859 postmenopausal women free at baseline in 1986 of diabetes, CVD and cancer and mean age 61.4 years in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Food intake was assessed at baseline using a validated 127-food-item Harvard food frequency questionnaire. The AHEI score was calculated based on the values of 9 components; vegetables, fruits, nuts and soy, the ratio of white (seafood and poultry) to red meat, cereal fiber, trans fatty acids, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, the use of multivitamins, and alcohol intake. Each component could contribute 0-10 points to the total AHEI score, except multivitamin use (2.5 points for non-users or 7.5 points for users). The a priori food score was based on intake categories for 34 food groups rated by expert judgment as positive (n=17), neutral (n=7) or negative (n=10); these judgments resulted in a plant-centered diet. The total score was the sum of the category scores (0-3) for positively rated food groups plus reverse scores (3-0) for negatively rated food groups. Through December 31, 2008, 8528 total, 2982 CVD, and 2675 cancer deaths were identified through the State Health Registry of Iowa and the National Death Index. Results Mean ± SD AHEI was 35.8 ± 9.5 and a priori diet score 38.5 ± 8.2; correlation between scores was 0.6. In proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, energy intake, marital status, education, place of residence, high blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip-ratio, hormone replacement therapy, physical activity and smoking, relative risk (RR) was computed for highest vs. lowest quartile of the diet score. For AHEI, the multivariable adjusted RR was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.88) for total mortality. For CVD and cancer mortality the multivariable adjusted RRs for AHEI were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65-0.82) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.97), respectively. The a priori diet score had a multivariable adjusted RR for total mortality of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71-0.81). For CVD and cancer mortality, the multivariable adjusted RRs for a priori diet score were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69-0.87) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.92), respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, both the food-based a priori diet score and the food- and nutrient-based AHEI were associated with a reduced risk of total and disease specific mortality in older women. A food-based score may be more practical for public health policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrient Intake and Food Consumption among Dutch Toddlers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Elly Steenbergen ◽  
Anne Krijger ◽  
Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman ◽  
Liset E. M. Elstgeest ◽  
Sovianne ter Borg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Dutch Health

Improving dietary habits at a young age could prevent adverse health outcomes. The aim was to gain insight into the adequacy of the dietary intake of Dutch toddlers, which may provide valuable information for preventive measures. Data obtained from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012–2016 were used, which included 672 children aged one to three years. Habitual intakes of nutrients were evaluated according to recommendations set by the Dutch Health Council. Specific food groups were evaluated according to the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. For most nutrients, intakes were estimated to be adequate. High intakes were found for saturated fatty acids, retinol, iodine, copper, zinc, and sodium. No statement could be provided on the adequacy of intakes of alpha-linoleic acids, N-3 fish fatty acids, fiber, and iron. 74% of the toddlers used dietary supplements, and 59% used vitamin D supplements specifically. Total median intakes of vegetables, bread, and milk products were sufficient. Consumption of bread, potatoes and cereals, milk products, fats, and drinks consisted largely of unhealthy products. Consumption of unfavorable products may have been the cause of the observed high and low intakes of several nutrients. Shifting towards a healthier diet that is more in line with the guidelines may positively affect the dietary intake of Dutch toddlers and prevent negative health impacts, also later in life.

scholarly journals Advances in dietary pattern analysis in nutritional epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina-Alexandra Schulz ◽  
Kolade Oluwagbemigun ◽  
Ute Nöthlings
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dietary Pattern Analysis

Abstract Background and Purpose It used to be a common practice in the field of nutritional epidemiology to analyze separate nutrients, foods, or food groups. However, in reality, nutrients and foods are consumed in combination. The introduction of dietary patterns (DP) and their analysis has revolutionized this field, making it possible to take into account the synergistic effects of foods and to account for the complex interaction among nutrients and foods. Three approaches of DP analysis exist: (1) the hypothesis-based approach (based on prior knowledge regarding the current understanding of dietary components and their health relation), (2) the exploratory approach (solely relying on dietary intake data), and (3) the hybrid approach (a combination of both approaches). During the recent past, complementary approaches for DP analysis have emerged both conceptually and methodologically. Method We have summarized the recent developments that include incorporating the Treelet transformation method as a complementary exploratory approach in a narrative review. Results Uses, peculiarities, strengths, limitations, and scope of recent developments in DP analysis are outlined. Next, the narrative review gives an overview of the literature that takes into account potential relevant dietary-related factors, specifically the metabolome and the gut microbiome in DP analysis. Then the review deals with the aspect of data processing that is needed prior to DP analysis, particularly when dietary data arise from assessment methods other than the long-established food frequency questionnaire. Lastly, potential opportunities for upcoming DP analysis are summarized in the outlook. Conclusion Biological factors like the metabolome and the microbiome are crucial to understand diet-disease relationships. Therefore, the inclusion of these factors in DP analysis might provide deeper insights.

Plasma glycerophospholipid profile, erythrocyte n–3 PUFAs, and metabolic syndrome incidence: a prospective study in Chinese men and women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Chen ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Geng Zong ◽  
Huaixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Background Animal studies have highlighted critical roles of glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism in various metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related features such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. However, human prospective studies of associations between circulating GPs and risks of MetS are scarce. Objectives We aimed to investigate whether GPs are associated with incidence of MetS in a well-established cohort. Methods A total of 1243 community-dwelling Chinese aged 50–70 y without MetS at baseline and followed up for 6 y were included in current analyses. A total of 145 plasma GPs were quantified by high-throughput targeted lipidomics. MetS was defined using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. Results After 6 y, 429 participants developed MetS. Eleven GPs, especially those with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) or very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) at the sn-2 position, including 1 phosphatidylcholine (PC) [PC(18:0/22:6)], 9 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) [PE(16:0/22:6), PE(18:0/14:0), PE(18:0/18:1), PE(18:0/18:2), PE(18:0/20:3), PE(18:0/22:5), PE(18:0/22:6), PE(18:1/22:6), and PE(18:2/22:6)], and 1 phosphatidylserine (PS) [PS(18:0/18:0)], were positively associated with incident MetS (RRs: 1.16–1.30 per SD change; Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05). In network analysis, the strongest positive association for MetS incidence was evidenced in a module mainly composed of PEs containing C22:6 and PSs [RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31 per SD change; Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05]. This association was more pronounced in participants with lower erythrocyte total n–3 PUFA concentrations [Bonferroni-corrected Pinter(P value for the interaction)< 0.05]. Conclusions Elevated plasma concentrations of GPs, especially PEs with LCPUFAs or VLCPUFAs at the sn-2 position, are associated with higher risk of incident MetS. Future studies are merited to confirm our findings.

Abstract P237: Common Genetic Variation in Caspase Enzymes and Survival of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine O Johnson ◽  
Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽  
Nona Sotoodehnia ◽  
Barbara McKnight ◽  
Kenneth M Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
P Value ◽  
Brain Resuscitation

Background: Reperfusion following ischemia due to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is necessary for survival, but results in additional injury to affected tissues. Regulation of apoptosis has been shown to be important in determining the extent of reperfusion injury. Caspases (CASP) are essential enzymes in the apoptotic cascade and we therefore hypothesized that genetic variation in these enzymes might influence cardiac and brain resuscitation after SCA. To test this, we examined three genes (CASP2, CASP3, CASP9) in a population-based study of SCA survival. Methods: Subjects (mean age 67, 80% male, of European descent) were out-of-hospital SCA patients found in ventricular fibrillation (VF) and attended by paramedics in King County, WA (n=1614). To investigate cardiac resuscitation, we compared subjects who survived to hospital admission (n=827) with those who did not (n=787); for brain resuscitation, we compared subjects who survived to hospital discharge (n=448) with those who did not (n=1166). Associations of 19 SNPs were examined using logistic regression comparing each additional copy of the minor allele. Based on a priori hypotheses, models were adjusted for: age; gender; time from 911 call to arrival of emergency medical services; whether the event was witnessed; occurred in public; and whether bystander CPR was administered. We used within-gene permutation tests to adjust p-values for multiple comparisons. Results: Two SNPs in CASP3 were associated with SCA survival. The A allele of rs4647688 (minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.20) was associated with lower rates of survival to hospital admission (OR (95% CI), adjusted p-value: 0.78 (0.65, 0.93), p =0.043). The T allele of rs2705897 (MAF 0.26) was associated with a higher rate of survival to hospital admission (1.27 (1.07, 1.51), p =0.049). These two SNPs are in almost complete linkage equilibrium (r 2 =0.091). No SNPs in CASP3 were significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge, and no SNPs in CASP2 or CASP9 were significantly associated with either outcome. Conclusions: CASP3 variants are associated with SCA survival in this population. Further work is needed to explore the effect of these variants on regulation of apoptosis during reperfusion following VF arrest, and to replicate these findings in other populations.

SAT0090 EFFECTS OF ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IMPACT OF DISEASE (RAID) SCORE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 979.1-979
Author(s):  
F. Ingegnoli ◽  
I. Scotti ◽  
T. Schioppo ◽  
T. Ubiali ◽  
G. Marano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Single Item ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-balanced, nutritionally adequate and potentially anti-inflammatory diet that encompasses all food groups. Presently, there are conflicting data about the benefits of MD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Not enough evidence support a role of MD in the prevention and treatment of RA, and a modest impact of MD on laboratory parameters has been described. Greater effect on subjective aspects of the disease such as joint pain, morning stiffness, and fatigue was reported.Objectives:To investigate whether the adherence to MD affects RA perception as measured by Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) score.Methods:Consecutive patients <65 years with RA attending our outpatient clinic were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. For each patient we collected: 1) RAID that consists of 7 single-item domains (pain, functional disability, fatigue, sleep, physical well-being, emotional well-being and coping), each rated by patients on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 (best) to 10 (worst) [1], and 2) MD score, a self-reported questionnaire that evaluates the adherence to MD through the consumption of 11 food groups, ranging from 0 (no adherence) to 55 (high adherence) [2]. Univariate analysis was performed using MD score as independent variable. Moreover, to evaluate the adjusted relationship between the single item of RAID and MD score, a multiple regression model was used.Results:205 RA patients were enrolled: median age at visit 53 (q1-q3: 44-59) years, female 80.5 %. The median MD and RAID score were 35 (q1-q3: 32-39) and 2.42 (q1-q3: 0.63-4.51) respectively.RAID total score had a statistically significant negative relationship with MD score (regression coefficient -0.08; p-value=0.016). Concerning the single RAID items, a statistically significant negative association was found for pain (regression coefficient -0.08; p-value=0.025), functional disability (regression coefficient -0.13; p-value<0.001), sleep (regression coefficient -0.08; p-value=0.041), physical well-being (regression coefficient -0.08; p-value=0.027) and coping (regression coefficient -0.11; p-value=0.008).Multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between significant RAID items and MD score did not show any statistical significance as all items are strongly related to each other.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the relationship between the adherence to MD and the perception of RA impact. A better MD adherence was associated with lower self-reported composite total RAID score as well as lower pain, functional disability, sleep, physical well-being and coping. The effect of MD adherence on overall RAID is relevant but, at the same time, a prominent effect of one single item on the others could not be documented. This study confirmed the importance of non-pharmacological interventions, such as diet, in RA management.References:[1] Gossec L, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70(6):935-42.[2] Panagiotakos DB, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006;16(8):559-68.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Isabella Scotti: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Tania Ubiali: None declared, Giuseppe Marano: None declared, Patrizia Boracchi: None declared, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Antonella Murgo: None declared, Roberto Caporali Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Lilly; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Celgene; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Celgene; Lilly; Gilead Sciences, Inc; MSD; Pfizer; Roche; UCB

Hyponatremia With Intravenous Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Stephens ◽  
Jamie L. Miller ◽  
Teresa V. Lewis ◽  
Stephen Neely ◽  
Peter N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Number

Background: Intravenous (IV) sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) has been associated with hyponatremia in adults. Objective: The primary objective was to identify the number of patients with a serum sodium <135 mEq/L. Secondary objectives between the hyponatremic versus nonhyponatremic groups included demographic comparisons, median serum sodium concentrations, SMX/TMP cumulative dose, number of diuretics, and other medications causing hyponatremia. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children <18 years receiving IV SMP/TMX. Comparisons were conducted via Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests with an a priori P value <0.05. Results: Sixty-one patients received 66 total courses; 20 courses (30.3%) were associated with hyponatremia with a decrease in the median nadir serum sodium concentration of 133 and 138 mEq/L in the hyponatremic and nonhyponatremic groups, respectively ( P<0.001). The median age (interquartile range) was lower in the hyponatremic versus nonhyponatremic group, but this was not statistically significant: 0.6 (0.1-5.5) versus 3.9 (0.3-11.0) years; P=0.077. There was no significant difference in the median cumulative dose (mg/kg) between groups; P=0.104. In addition, there was a significant difference in the number of children in the hyponatremic versus nonhyponatremic groups receiving diuretics (16 [80.0%] vs 23 [50.0%], P=0.023) and other medications that cause hyponatremia (7 [35.0%] vs 5 [10.9%], P=0.034), respectively. Furosemide was noted to be the medication most associated with hyponatremia. Conclusion and Relevance: Approximately one-third administered IV SMX/TMP developed hyponatremia. Concomitant furosemide administration was one of the most common risk factors. Clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse event when initiating IV SMX/TMP in children.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutritional Interventions in the Control of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues Mendonça ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
Maria Clara Rezende Castro ◽  
Erika Aparecida Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects

Food consumption has significant positive effects on an individual’s health status, including the reduction of symptoms associated with musculoskeletal pain. However, specific food groups indicated for the treatment of pain are not yet determined. Hence, this review aimed to analyze the effects of nutritional interventions with specific diets, oils and/or fatty acids, and foodstuffs in natura in the reduction of musculoskeletal pain. An integrative review was conducted in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar. Clinical trials written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and published between 2000 and March 2020 were included in this review. Seventeen studies were included. Among these, a reduction of musculoskeletal pain with different types of nutritional interventions, such as vegan and Mediterranean diets and the consumption of blueberry, strawberry, passion fruit peel extract, argan oil, fish oil (omega-3), olive oil, and undenatured type II collagen and vitamin D gel capsules, was observed in 14 studies. Eight studies evaluated the profiles of several inflammatory markers, and of these, decreased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were observed in two studies. This review suggests that different nutritional interventions with specific diets, oils and/or fatty acids, and foodstuffs in natura reduce musculoskeletal pain, specifically in adults with osteoarthritis. Besides pain improvement, nutritional interventions, including the consumption of strawberry and vitamin D gel capsules, decrease the levels of several inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Risk of diabetes associated with fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway is independent of insulin sensitivity and response: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Qureshi ◽  
Ingrid D Santaren ◽  
Anthony J Hanley ◽  
Steven M Watkins ◽  
Carlos Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, specifically myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0),cis-palmitoleic acid (c16:1 n-7),cis-myristoleic acid (c14:1n5), stearic acid (18:0) andcis-oleic acid (c18:1 n-9), with 5-year risk of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that DNL fatty acids are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes independent of insulin sensitivity.Research design and methodsWe evaluated 719 (mean age 55.1±8.5 years, 44.2% men, 42.3% Caucasians) participants from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Multivariable logistic regression models with and without adjustment of insulin sensitivity were used to assess prospective associations of DNL fatty acids with incident type 2 diabetes.ResultsType 2 diabetes incidence was 20.3% over 5 years. In multivariable regression models, palmitic, palmitoleic, myristic, myristoleic and oleic acids were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (p<0.05). Palmitic acid had the strongest association (OR per standard unit of palmitic acid 1.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76; p<0.001), which remained similar with addition of insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response (AIR) to the model (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.70, p=0.01). Oleic and palmitoleic acids were also independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes. In multivariable models, ratios of fatty acids corresponding to stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 and Elovl6 enzymatic activity were significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes independent of insulin sensitivity and AIR.ConclusionsWe observed associations of DNL fatty acids with type 2 diabetes incidence independent of insulin sensitivity.

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