THUGGEE AND SOCIAL BANDITRY RECONSIDERED

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM A. WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Robin Hood ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Made In

Eric Hobsbawm's concept of ‘social banditry’, as presented in Bandits of 1969, is probably the single most influential idea in the modern study of bandits and outlaws. Key to Hobsbawm's argument is the assumption of a more or less direct relation between ‘a bandit's real behaviour and his subsequent myth’ – in other words, that the popular perception of bandits reflected the social reality of banditry, and that accordingly the Robin Hood myth had some basis in historical events. This article seeks to qualify some of the basic premises of Eric Hobsbawm's concept of social banditry by examining the context and process by which popular and official knowledge of banditry emerged. This analysis is based on a case-study of the thugs of early nineteenth-century colonial India. Though seldom described as such, thuggee is one of the best-documented instances of banditry historically speaking. This makes the findings and theoretical considerations made in connection with thuggee pertinent to banditry worldwide and during various periods. By focusing on issues of methodology it is hoped that a critical discussion of Hobsbawm's model, rather than just being a polemic deconstruction, may suggest a new approach to the study of banditry more generally.

The Languages of Petitioning in Early Colonial India

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western India ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Levels

With relatively few exceptions, personal petitions from individuals have received much less attention from historians than those from groups in the public political sphere. In one sense, personal petitions adopted many of the same rhetorical strategies as those delivered by a group. However, they also offer unique insights into the quotidian relationship between the people and their rulers. This article examines surviving personal petitions to various administrators at different levels of government in western India during the decades surrounding the East India Company’s conquests. The analysis of these petitions helps to refine our understanding of the place of the new judicial system in the social world of early-nineteenth-century India, especially by illuminating the discourse of justice that petitioners brought to the presentation of their cases to their new governors. The conclusion of this article seeks to place the rhetoric of personal petitioning within the larger context of mass political petitioning in India during the early nineteenth century.

Colonizing the Sacred: Allahabad and the Company State, 1797–1857

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridah Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
East India Company ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Form ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Social

This article rethinks the complicated encounter between the East India Company and the built heritage of India in the early nineteenth century. Through an extended case study of the imperial mosque in Allahabad, which was periodically subject to British intervention over some sixty years, it traces vicissitudes in attitudes towards history, religion, and the social existence of Muslims in India generally and Allahabad in particular. The article argues for the need to look beyond the narrative of Britain's relationship with architecture as artefact or heritage—a relationship that took on institutional form in the 1860s—to the comparatively less familiar story of the Company State's prolonged and serious interest in the built environment, and specifically religious buildings, as part of the political economy of its rule. It demonstrates that such an interest was simultaneously a logical outcome of and a tension within the legitimating discourses that the Company State fashioned during the last half-century of its rule in India.

A First Approach to the Cost of a Basic Social Benefit

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Peña-Miguel ◽  
J Iñaki De La Peña Esteban ◽  
Ana Fernandez-Sainz
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Assistance Service ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe Social Security System in Spain is significantly broader and more complex than in other EU countries. One of its problems is that it was not created as a single whole. Instead of this, there are different kinds of social assistance service depending on the region, so there is a real need to reduce the complexity of these schemes and homogenise the benefits paid out in a general basic social benefit. In this paper we propose a new approach to universal basic protection benefit (called Basic Social Benefit) as a way of unifying and rationalising the different grants and economic aids currently available in Spain in order to cover the basic needs of all citizens. This is the first study made in Spain in calculating the lump sum of a basic social benefit for the whole population. For this, we use Quantile Regression (QR) to calculate the principal variables that explain the minimum vital expenditures of Spanish citizens. We also show the total financial cost of this measure for Spain in 2010 and a projection of the cost for the next 12 years.

A case study of unquiet translators

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Monzó-Nebot
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

Abstract Remarkable efforts have been made in Translation and Interpreting Studies to test the subservient habitus hypothesis formulated by Simeoni (1998) in his seminal work. In the face of increasing evidence that translators tend to reproduce a given society’s or community’s prevalent norms and contribute to the stability of such norms (Toury 1978), subversive translation practices have been reported (Delabastita 2011; Woods 2012) and indeed promoted as a way of fostering social and cultural change (Levine 1991; Venuti 1992). However, insights into how translators’ subservient or subversive habitus develop and depart from each other are still lacking. In order to shed light on this gray area, this article scrutinizes the contrasts between the habitus of professional legal translators who acquiesce to and who reject the norms governing their positions in the field. Special attention is given to those who decide to abandon the translation field. Their behavior is examined by relating habitus to forms of socialization and studying the implications of their strategies. Based on a case study drawn from interview data, this article focuses on the social practices of resistance and rebellion vis-à-vis subservience, and the impact of both on translation workplaces, work processes, and translators’ futures.

scholarly journals Twitter como instrumento para fomentar la participación del profesorado en los cursos formativos

2018 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Elena Berrón Ruiz ◽  
María Victoria Régil López
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The increasing incorporation of new technologies in the education system demands a deep revision in the management processes of the training centers, improving their presence in social networks. The qualitative research presented in this article presents a case study carried out at the Training Center of Teachers and Educational Innovation of Avila (Spain) and pursues two objectives: the first consists in value the usefulness of different strategies to boost and disseminate the training courses through Twitter, while the second seeks to analyze the impact that such dissemination has been on the participation of teachers. The results show that the innovations introduced in the dynamization have aroused the interest of the teachers, increasing the interactions made in the social network and producing a remarkable rise of their participation in the courses.

From begums and bibis to abandoned females and idle women

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Wald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Military

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw a proliferation of laws in colonial India which targeted women deemed to be prostitutes. As the number of laws grew, so too did the category of ‘prostitute’. Yet, before the nineteenth century, it would have been difficult to identify many of these women or their activities as criminal, or even immoral. This article examines how such legal boundaries and conceptualisations came to be formulated. It suggests that the ‘prostitute’ category in India was shaped by the repeated failure of the East India Company's surgeons and officers to control venereal disease among the European soldiery. Such attempts at disease control were experimented with from the late eighteenth century and, as this article argues, were keys in the later formulation of the Contagious Diseases Acts. This article traces the decline of long-term, monogamous relationships between European men and Indian women, and the corresponding rise in shorter-term sexual transactions in and around military cantonments. By grounding later legal shifts within the military medical context, we can clearly see the forces behind the social and moral changes surrounding this group of women in the early nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Burundi: A Critical Security Perspective

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Stamnes ◽  
Richard Wyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
The Cold War

In the last few years Critical Security Studies (CSS) has emerged as a new approach to the academic study of security. This article argues that its genesis is best understood as a reaction to two developments, namely ‘real world’ changes after the end of the Cold War and the far-reaching philosophical debates that have recently been taking place within the social sciences. The authors argue for a conceptualisation of CSS based on an explicit commitment to human emancipation. They then illustrate their preferred understanding of security through a discussion of Burundi. This case study not only illustrates the theoretical claims of CSS but also serves as a contribution to a more comprehensive understanding of the security issues with which this country and its inhabitants are faced.

scholarly journals Web and Social Media Presence in the Hospitality Industry: A Greek Island Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Karetsos ◽  
Maria Ntaliani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Automated Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Social Media Presence ◽  
Greek Island ◽  
The Web ◽  
Made In

The new opportunities offered by emerging technologies for better tourist services have affected the hospitality sector. Specifically, the use of the Web, in general, and the social media influence travelers’ choices. Therefore, it is important for modern hotel businesses to be actively involved and present on the Web and social media. Moreover, COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the importance for better choices that guarantee safety that must be made in advance. This study tries to investigate the use of the Web and social media by the hospitality sector in Greece using automated evaluation tools. The case study of the Rhodes island is selected as one of the most popular destinations in Greece for both internal and external tourists. Agritourism was also taken into account. Results show that the websites and Facebook are the most preferred tools for online presence, whereas there is low use of Instagram, LinkedIn and Twitter.

Continentalism and the invention of traditions in translation studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Delabastita
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Made In

This theoretical case study starts from a brief critical discussion of Eurocentrism in translation studies, underscoring the importance of the efforts toward a more inclusive, truly global and culturally balanced approach to translation which are increasingly being made in our field, often under the banner of “the international turn.” However, the rejection of Eurocentrism leaves open a wide range of alternative models and approaches, and this paper aims to show that the search for alternatives is not without its own difficulties. For example, it might be tempting for non-European scholars to derive an alternative way of thinking about translation from translational practices and discourses in their own continent that appear to be at odds with what is perceived as the “European” model of translation. A post-colonial sensibility would seem to make this an extremely attractive proposition. This is the line of thinking which inspired Edwin Gentzler’s Translation and Identity in the Americas. New Directions in Translation Theory (2008). The paper enters into a critical dialogue with Gentzler’s book in order to argue the general thesis that the replacement of one (perceived) continent-based paradigm by another (perceived) continent-based paradigm is not the best way forward, suffering as it does from a range of methodological problems. The best way to overcome Eurocentrism is not to construct and promote an American continentalism (“translation in the American sense”) as an alternative to it, or any other nationally or continentally defined concept of translation, for that matter.

Avoiding Blackness

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Roth-Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Black People ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Class Youth ◽  
Social Imperative ◽  
Made In

Chapter 5 explores the “flip side” of boa aparência (or whitening), as middle-class youth and parents seek to secure the investment that they have made in their family’s whiteness by avoiding contact with black people and black spaces. Stronger than the fear of physically “black” bodies, however, is the fear of embodied practices associated with blackness, practices which circulate independent of dark-skinned people while threatening to steal the whiteness of middle-class youth. These fears, and the social imperative to avoid contact with blackness, are presented through the case study of Bola, a moreno (brown-skinned) middle-class youth who boldly disregards established social and racial borders. This chapter also expands on the struggle over prime urban spaces in Rio de Janeiro, showing how the presence of black youth in private, air-conditioned, and exclusive shopping malls inspires increased racial anxiety.

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