Experiments on the use of home grown foods for milk production: II. The effect of feeding concentrated and bulky foods prior to calving on subsequent milk production

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

1. A field experiment in which six farms cooperated, supplying fifty-one experimental cows and heifers, has been conducted. The object was to find whether feeding before calving 156 lb. of concentrates or its equivalent in feeding value as bulky food increased milk production.2. The results showed that animals fed concentrates gained more weight before calving, were in better condition at calving, and produced a maximum of 7 lb. more milk per cow per day than the controls. Although those fed bulky food increased in live weight more than the controls, they did not calve in such good condition and produced only 3 lb. of milk per cow per day more than the controls.3. Nearly half the animals fed bulky food refused appreciable amounts of this supplement, and it is probable that this refusal of food is one of the factors responsible for the differences in milk production between the two groups receiving additional food.4. The correlation (r) between the weight of the cow and the weight of the calf was +0·507, and there was no statistically significant difference between the weight of the calves produced by cows receiving different treatments.5. Although the fat percentage of the milk of the cows receiving supplementary food was higher than that of the cows receiving no supplement, the difference was not statistically significant.6. Correlation analysis showed that the farmers' judgement of the condition of their cows at calving time was very closely related to the cows' subsequent performance.

scholarly journals Reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows depending on breeding value of their progenitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
L. V. Ferenz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The influence of bullock`s different breeding value for reproductive ability and milk production of their  daughters were investigated. Established that the age of first productive insemination of heifers Ukrainian black spotted milk breed, was 17.5–18.6 months and age of first calving – 26.6–27.8 months. Heifers` live weight at the first insemination was 361.4–407.1 kg. During first lactation the highest productivity had daughters from parents with breeding value by milk yield more than 801 kg. In the first lactation wasn’t found significant difference in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with different breeding value. In the second lactation best indexes in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg and more than 801 kg. In the third, the highest lactation, these indexes were best for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg. The difference in milk yield during first lactation between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value 401–600 kg was 292 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value  with breeding value 601–800 kg  was 660.3 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value more than 801 kg was  920.8 kg In the second lactation this difference was 589.8 (Р < 0.001), 841.5 (Р < 0.001) і 894.4 (Р < 0.001) kg of milk, in the third, the highest lactation – 754.5 (Р < 0.001), 951.8 (Р < 0.001) і 1335.7 кг (Р < 0.001).

scholarly journals Milk productivity of first-calf cows depending on the intensity of their breeding

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
L. L. Petrukhina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Analytical Variation

The paper presents the results of studies of milk productivity of black-and-white cows depending on the age of the first insemination and live weight at the first calving in the conditions of the Irkutsk region. The dynamics of heifer rearing by year, milk productivity of cows in the 1st and 3rd lactations depending on the intensity of their development has been studied. The experiment was conducted on farm materials from the Irkutsk Region using generally accepted zootechnical, analytical, variation and statistical research methods from 2016 to 2020. Live weight of heifers at all ages met the requirements of the elite and elite-record classes. Analysis of the data showed that the growth rate of the animals increased during 5 years (6.0%, 6.8, 2.3 and 4.8% respectively with a significant difference p ≥ 0.90). With the increased intensity of heifer rearing, an increase in milk yield over 305 days of the first lactation was observed. The highest milk production was noted in the 1st (5309-5476 kg) and 3rd (5418-5817 kg) lactations in cows with the first fruitful insemination at 13-14 months. The lowest 1st and 3rd lactation yields are obtained from cows inseminated at 20 months of age or older. Higher milk production in the first and third lactations was obtained from cows with a live weight at first calving of 541-550 kg, 551 kg and higher (5197-5164, 5436-5545 kg respectively). Less milk production was obtained from cows with a live weight at first calving of up to 500 kg (4567-5122, 4943-5009 kg). The results obtained make it possible to reveal the influence of the intensity of rearing heifers on the productive qualities of cows.

Value for milk production of artificially dried forages as cobs and pellets

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Milne ◽  
E. F. Thomson ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Basal Ration

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to compare the milk-producing value of dried forages in the form of cobs and pellets as replacements for a standard dairy concentrate. Four levels (0·33, 0·44, 0·55 and 0·66 kg/kg milk) of dried forage or standard dairy concentrate were offered in addition to a basal ration of 6 kg hay and 2 kg standard dairy concentrate. In both experiments the rate of eating by the cows of cobs was significantly slower (P<0·05) than that of pellets. No significant difference was found between the cobs and pellets in either experiment in their value for milk production. In Experiment 2 the standard dairy concentrate had a non-significantly higher (P>0·05) milk-producing value than the dried lucerne. Level of feeding had a significant positive effect on the milk yield (P< 0·001) of cows offered the dried grass and lucerne and on the milk solids- not-fat content (P<0·05) and live weight (P<0·01) of cows offered the dried grass, lucerne and standard dairy concentrate.

scholarly journals Randomised Control Trial Comparing Cypermethrin-Based Preparations in the Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Jennifer Allan ◽  
Steven Van Winden
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Moraxella Bovis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Case Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) caused by Moraxella bovis is commonly seen in the summer months spread by face flies. This trial investigated the difference in incidence of IBK cases from natural exposure between two groups of animals, one treated with Cypermethrin pour-on preparation (PON, n = 98) and one with Cypermethrin impregnated ear tags (TAG, n = 99). Daily Live Weight Gain (DLWG) difference was investigated between animals with cases and those without and between treatment groups. A randomised positive control study, enrolled 197 animals split into two treatment groups. Cases of IBK and DLWG were recorded over the grazing season (April–November 2018). Fifty-four cases of IBK were recorded. There was no association between the two treatment groups (p = 0.362) and case status. Breed and under 12 months old were significant factors for having a case; (OR 2.3, p = 0.014 and OR 3.5, p < 0.001 respectively). There was no difference in DLWG between animals that had a case and animals that had not (p = 0.739) or between the two treatment groups (p = 0.215). Based on our results, there is no significant difference between PON or TAG preparations in the prevention of IBK. Younger animals and white-faced breeds are significantly more likely to suffer with IBK.

Milk quality in Merino and Corriedale ewes

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Moore
Keyword(s):  
Milk Quality ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated

Comparisons have been made of the milk quality of ewes of two strains of Merino, strong-wool (S) and medium-wool Peppin (B), and of two breeds, strong-wool Merino and Corriedale (C). The strains were compared in two ways – for ewes suckling single lambs and for ewes suckling a pair of twins containing one lamb of each strain, and the breeds were compared for ewes suckling single lambs. The strain comparisons were made in 1960–61 and the breed comparison in 1961–62. Ewes of the S and B strains during the first 10 weeks of lactation had milk with mean fat percentages of 6.0 and 6.5 respectively when suckling singles, and 6.4 and 7.2 when suckling twins. The corresponding percentages for solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) for the period 45–72 days after parturition were 9.5 and 9.3 for singles, 9.9 and 10.2 for twins. The C breed and the S strain yielded milk with respective mean fat percentages of 8.6 and 9.4, and mean S.N.F. of 10.1 and 10.6, during the first 20 days of lactation. The only statistically significant difference among these breed and strain comparisons was the breed difference in S.N.F. In Merino ewes suckling twins the fat percentage was higher than in those suckling singles over 10 weeks of lactation (6.8 v. 6.2), while the percentage of S.N.F. for the period 45–72 days after parturition was also higher (10.1 v. 9.4). The difference in fat was not significant, but the difference in S.N.F. was. When adjusted for the higher amount of whole milk produced by ewes suckling twins, the relative amounts of fat and S.N.F. secreted become 116 : 100 and 112 : 100. There is thus a suggestion that the extra sucking stimulus which leads to a greater production of whole milk also increases the secretion of fat and S.N.F. When the 10-week lactation period was divided into three subperiods, the fat percentages showed a significant increase with time since parturition for Merino ewes suckling singles (5.7 : 5.8 : 7.2) or twins (5.7 : 6.8 : 7.9). Even when these figures were adjusted for amount of whole milk, the relative total amounts of fat secreted were 100 : 105 : 102 and 100 : 111 : 104. Lamb growth rate was no more highly correlated with the constituents of milk quality than with the total amount of whole milk. No important differences in milk quality were found between the genetic groups examined, but these were all related, the Corriedale breed being half Merino. The possibility remains that breeds differing more widely in their genetic background might also differ in milk quality.

The feed intake of grazing cattle. I. Feed intake of dairy cows on strip and free grazing

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes ◽  
H. El Sayed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strip Grazing

1. Eight Ayrshire milk cows were grazed for four 3-week periods from July to October 1957 in a balanced sequence on two strip-grazed and two free-grazed paddocks, each of two acres. Feed intake and digestibility were estimated by the chromic-oxide faecal-nitrogen method.2. There was no significant difference in average feed digestibility between the treatments. Free grazing cows ate 30·4 lb. dry matter per day and strip grazing cows 28·9 lb. The difference was just significant (p<0·05). There was no significant difference in milk yield, live-weight or live-weight gain per cow.3. Total feed output per acre was 11% greater on strip grazing when measured by utilised starch equivalent but only 1 % greater when measured by estimated feed consumption. The data suggest that strip-grazed cattle needed less energy for grazing.4. The results are discussed with reference to their accuracy, their implications on grazing management and their correspondence with estimates of food requirements based on indoor feeding standards.

Biuret and urea in concentrates for milking cows

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waite ◽  
M. E. Castle ◽  
J. N. Watson ◽  
A. D. Drysdale
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Do So

SummaryTwo experiments, one with 18 and one with 21 cows, were made to compare the feeding value for milk production of concentrates in which the nitrogen normally supplied by oil cake was completely replaced by either biuret or urea. In expt 1 the urea and biuret contributed 52% of the total nitrogen in the concentrate and in expt 2 they contributed 43%. Hay was fed as the sole roughage. The estimated energy intake in expt 1 was 102–104% of the Woodman standard and in expt 2 it was 108–109%.In both experiments milk production was about 10% less on the urea and biuret treatments than on the control treatment. There was no significant difference in milk yield between the biuret and the urea treatments. The percentages of fat and protein in the milk from the urea and biuret treatments were higher than from the control treatment, but the weights of these milk constituents were slightly lower than from the control treatment. Liveweight changes and water consumption were not affected by the experimental treatments. In expt 2 an intake of nitrogen about 20% lower than is often recommended in the United Kingdom did not appear to depress milk yields. Three cows that had received biuret concentrates in expt 2 continued to do so during a nitrogen balance trial lasting 3 weeks. Each cow was slightly in negative balance, the average value being −4gN per cow per day.

scholarly journals PIJAT KOMBINASI ENDORFIN OKSITOSIN MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nursari Abdul Syukur ◽  
Endah Wahyutri ◽  
Erma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

Background: Breast milk spending is a very complex interaction between mechanics, nerves, and hormons. The decrease and production of breast milk production in the first days after delivery can be caused by a lack of stimulation of prolactin and oxytocin hormons. Caesarea section does not allow the mother to breastfeed her infant more flexibly, with adaptation to the pain, so she should be able to support the health worker thoroughly about the lactation process. Purpose: to know the difference of endorphin, oxytocin and combination effect on breast milk production in Postoperative section of caesarea section. Research design: quasi experimental design type post test only non equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all postoperative mothers caesarea section, 10 samples for each treatment. Group 1 : endorphin massage, group 2 (control) : the oxytocin massage, and group 3 : the combine massage. Results: Combination massage is the best method to produce the highest amount of ASI because the largest Sig p value is (1,000) where the level is significant <0.05. So H0 this study was rejected means that there is a significant difference between the production of breast milk from the combination massage compared with the two massage done separately. Conclusion: It is expected during childbirth the midwife can develop and implement independent non-pharmacological midwife actions to help increase milk production

scholarly journals Effect of feeding of chelated zinc form on security, productivity and slaughter parameters of broilers

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fotina ◽  
Hanna Fotina ◽  
Svitlana Nazarenko ◽  
Roman Tymoshenko ◽  
Oleksii Fotin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Veterinary Faculty ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The results of the effect of feeding the chelated form of Zinc on the safety, productivity and slaughter parameters of broiler chickens are presented. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, productivity and slaughter parameters of broilers on the background of feeding chelated form of Zinc. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2020 on broiler chickens cross Cobb-500 in the vivarium of the Veterinary Faculty of Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine), divided into two groups on the principle of analogues (control and experimental) of 50 broilers each. The source of zinc for chickens in the control group was their sulfates. Chelated forms of Zinc were used for broiler chickens of the experimental group. All groups of broiler chickens were administered the compound with compound feed in a dose that corresponded to the daily requirement of the bird in this trace element. The duration of the experiment is 42 days. The growth and development of broilers were evaluated on the basis of determining the relevant zootechnical indicators. Live weight of birds was determined by individual weighing on scales of the VNC type with an accuracy of ±1 g at the age of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. Both scientific and economic experiments also determined the preservation of livestock - daily by the number of culled and dead birds. Feed consumption was recorded daily, for each week of cultivation and for the entire period of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the cost of feed per 1 kg of live gained weight was calculated. Results. According to the results of the conducted researches, it was established that feeding of the chelated form of Zinc probably increased both the average daily gain and the total live weight of broiler chickens at different age periods of rearing. The live weight of chickens at the beginning of the experiment was almost the same, but at 7 days of age it tended to increase in chickens of the experimental group, although a significant difference between groups in this indicator was not found. It was found that the weight of uneviscerated, semi-eviscerated and eviscerated chicken in poultry of the experimental group was greater than similar indicators in the young animals of the control group by 9.3, 9.2, and 9.8 %, and this difference was significant (p<0.01). The yield of semi-eviscerated carcasses was higher in ones of the experimental group (84.19 %), and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusions. It was found that the live weight of chickens of the experimental group (consumption of feed with a chelated form of Zinc) prevailed at 7 days of age by 1.1 g; on the 14th day – on 22.1 g (p<0.01); at 21 days – 35.4 g (p<0.01); at 28 days – 94.5 g (p<0.05); at 35 days – 133.6 g (p<0.01); at 42 days – at 218.9 g (p<0.05). Preservation of young animals in the experimental group, which used chelated compounds of Zinc, was higher and amounted to 96 %, compared with the control – 92 %. By age, feed costs per unit weight gain were lower in the experiment, respectively: 0.05; 0.08; 0.12; 0.06; 0.07 and 0.05 kg, compared to the control group. Growing broiler chickens on compound feed with a chelated form of Zinc by 9.8 % (p<0.01) increases the weight of the eviscerated carcass.

Beef production from silage 2. The performance of beef cattle given silages of either perennial ryegrass or red clover

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
B. G. Gibbs ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT1. A primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut on 8 to 11 May (early) or on 12 June (late) for comparison with the primary growth of a tetraploid red clover, which was cut either on 1 or 2 June (early) or on 28 June (late). The crops were ensiled, after wilting for about 4h, with the addition of formic acid at 2·21/t fresh crop. The silages were given ad libitum alone or with rolled barley at 11·5 g dry matter per kg live weight to 40 British Friesian steers initially 3 months old and 108 kg live weight.2. On average there was no significant difference in digestibility between perennial ryegrass and red clover. However, the rate of decline in digestibility with time was greater with perennial ryegrass than with red clover.3. Calves given silage of red clover as the sole feed ate more dry matter and grew faster than calves given grass silage (P <0·001) but supplementation with barley reduced the intake of red clover silage to a greater extent than that of perennial ryegrass silage. Barley supplementation increased live-weight gain of calves given perennial ryegrass from 0·32 to 0·83 kg/day and that of calves given red clover from 0·63 to 0·99 kg/day (interaction P <0·05). The results did not indicate a higher net efficiency of utilization of the legume. Date of cut had no significant effect on dry-matter intake but earlier cutting resulted in an increase in live-weight gain from a mean of 0·61 to 0·77 kg/day (P <0·001).4. The results show that high rates of live-weight gain (0·74 kg/day) can be achieved by calves given silage of red clover and that earlier cutting of herbage for silage does not always result in higher intakes of dry matter. Supplementation of silages with barley can reduce markedly the difference in intake and live-weight gain apparent when the silages are given as sole feeds.

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