Influence of iodine on nutritional, metabolic and immunological response of goats fed Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal diet

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. PATTANAIK ◽  
S. A. KHAN ◽  
T. K. GOSWAMI
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Potassium Iodide Solution ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Group I

SUMMARYFifteen indigenous nondescript kids (8·2 kg; 8 months initial age), randomly allotted into three equal groups, were used to study the effects of supplementation of extra iodine on their performance when fed a leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal containing diet. Group I (CON) was fed a control concentrate supplement consisting of a conventional protein source whereas the other two groups (LL and LLI) were fed a concentrate containing leucaena leaf meal so as to supply 0·5 of the net crude protein (CP) requirements. Additionally, animals in group LLI were given supplemental iodine (as potassium iodide solution) at 0·25 mg/head/day. Wheat straw was provided ad libitum as the sole source of roughage during the 120 days of the experimental period. A metabolism trial, conducted at the end of the feeding trial, revealed no variation in the dry matter intake (DMI) among the groups. A significant (P<0·01) decline was evident in digestibility of CP in both the leucaena-fed groups (0·463 and 0·482 versus 0·586) whilst that of the other organic components remained unaffected. Animals on the LL diet exhibited lower (P<0·01) nitrogen retention and average daily gain (ADG) in live weight (LW). Blood collected periodically was analysed for the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as well as other biochemical parameters. At the end of the experimental feeding, the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response of the goats was assessed by intra-dermal inoculation of phytohaemagglutinin-P and measuring the change in skin thickness at various post-inoculation hours. The results revealed that the serum concentration of glucose was significantly (P<0·05) higher in the LLI group of animals fed leucaena with iodine. The concentration of cholesterol in serum of LL animals increased significantly (P<0·05) compared to the CON and LLI groups. No variation due to dietary interventions was evident in other indices of metabolic profile. While the concentration of circulating T3 remained unaffected due to dietary intervention, that of T4 reduced significantly (P<0·05) in the LL group. Moreover, the T4 concentration in the LLI group remained similar to that of control indicative of positive impact of iodine supplementation. The immune response revealed that the skin thickness of animals in the LL group was lower (P<0·05) as compared to the control, indicating a compromise of CMI response due to feeding of leucaena leaf meal. Supplementation of iodine appeared to be partially effective in potentiating the response. In conclusion, iodine supplementation could be adopted as a strategic management strategy to ameliorate the negative impacts of feeding leucaena leaf meal in growing kids.

scholarly journals The effect of genotype on the chemical and fatty acid composition of the <i>Quadriceps</i> femoris muscle in extensively fattened lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
D. Zapletal ◽  
J. Kuchtík ◽  
I. Dobeš
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Total Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Abstract. The aim of the experiment was to define the effect of a Suffolk-sired genotype on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Quadriceps femoris muscle in fattened lambs reared under organic farming conditions. Three different genotypes of Suffolk-sired crossbreds were included in the experiment: F1 Suffolk-Charollais (SF 50 CH 50, n=10), F11 Suffolk-Charollais (SF 75 CH 25, n=10) and F1 Suffolk-Improved Walachian (SF 50 IW 50, n=10). The genotype did not have any effect on age at slaughter, average daily gain or carcass dressing percentages. However, the SF 75 CH 25 lambs displayed a lower live weight at slaughter (P<0.05), lower cold carcass weight (P<0.05) and lower protein content in muscle (P<0.05) than both of the other genotypes. They also had a lower content of kidney fat compared to the SF 50 CH 50 (P<0.01). The F11 Suffolk-Charollais lambs showed a higher proportion of C12:0 (P<0.01), C14:0 (P<0.01) and C16:0 (P<0.05) than the other two genotypes. A higher proportion of C18:0 was found in the SF 50 CH 50 lambs (P<0.05). The total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was higher in the SF 75 CH 25 crossbreds (P<0.05). The genotype also affected the content of C16:1 having its highest presence in the SF 75 CH 25 lambs while the lowest presence was found in the SF 50 CH 50 lambs (P<0.01). Between these two genotypes there were also found different proportions of C18:1 having its higher presence in SF 50 CH 50 lambs (P<0.05). Moreover, the IW type lambs had a lower SFA proportion and lower values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio in their meat than lambs of the CH genotypes (P<0.05). As for crossing between the Suffolk and Charollais breeds, a favourable fatty acids profile of meat was observed in the F1 crossbred as compared to the F11 crossbred.

scholarly journals MANFAAT DAUN LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala DALAM PAKAN AYAM PEDAGING DIUKUR DARI PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
J S Mandey ◽  
N. J. Kumajas ◽  
J. R Leke ◽  
M. N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Finisher Diets

PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED THE LAMTORO (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA) LEAF MEAL IN THE DIETS. The utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal (LLM) in broiler diets was investigated employing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels substituted to the based diet (control). In this experiment, 100 birds were randomly allocated into five groups of treatments. Each treatment was repeated into four replications with five birds per each replication. The five dietary treatments were allotted to the birds in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed experimental finisher diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Effect of LLM inclusion up 20% on feed intake (g),  live weight gain (g) and feed conversion did not differ significantly  (P ˃ 0.05).  It may be inferred from these experiments that LLM  up to 20% can safely be substituted to broiler based diet.Keywords: Lamtoro leaf, broiler, performance

scholarly journals Blood chemistry and relative organ weights of rabbits fed neem leaf meal based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
I. P. Ogbuewu ◽  
C. T, Ezeokeke ◽  
I. C. Okoli ◽  
M. U. Iloeje
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Blood Characteristics ◽  
Pancreas Weight

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of neem leaf meal (NLM) based diets on blood and relative organ weight characteristics of rabbits. In the first experiment, 36 rabbit bucks aged 7 to 8 months were distributed into four dietary groups, T1, T2, T3 and T4 of 9 rabbits using completely randomized design. Each group was replicated 3 times with 3 rabbits per replicate. Rabbits in T1 group were fed diet that contained 0% NLM while those in T2 T3 and T4 groups were fed diets that contained NLM at 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively for 112 days. In the second experiment, 36 rabbit does were used and experimental procedures were laid out as described in experiment 1. Blood samples for analysis, live weight and organ weights were collected from each replicate and data obtained analysed statistically. Higher (p<0.05) kidney weight was obtained for rabbit does on diets T 2 T 3 and T4. Bucks on diet T2, recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher pancreas weight than those on diet T1 diet. No significant effect (p>0.05) on haematological parameters was observed among all treatments except for MCV and neutrophils which were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the groups fed diets T2 and T4 and diets T1 and T3 groups respectively than others. Rabbit bucks and does on diet I, recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher serum cholesterol values than those on the other diets. Serum glucose value of rabbits on diet T, was significantly (p<0.05) different from those on the other diets. Serum ALP value of rabbits on diet T4 differed significantly (p<0.05) from those on the other 3 diets with the exception of bucks on diet T4 that had similar value with those on diet T1. Addition of neem leaf meal in rabbit diets increased serum AST and ALT values but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). It was therefore concluded that up to 5% of neem leaf meal can be included in the diet of pubertal rabbits without any deleterious effects on their organs and blood characteristics.

scholarly journals Postweaning Performance of the Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina): A Neotropical Rodent with Potential for Domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hannah-Marie Samantha Singh ◽  
Kegan Romelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Neotropical Rodent ◽  
The University

This project aimed to observe the effect of different weaning times on the weight gain in agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). The goal was to acquire an appropriate weaning time for offsprings. The experiment was performed at the University of the West Indies Field Station Farm (UFS) where animals were divided into four treatment groups, with each treatment group consisted of four animals. Treatment 1 offsprings were weaned at four weeks, treatment 2 offsprings were weaned at three weeks, treatment 3 offsprings were weaned at two weeks, and treatment 4 offsprings were weaned at one week. The offsprings were raised experimentally for their first seven weeks. There was no significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) recorded in offsprings live weight and average daily gain (ADG) for treatments 1, 2, and 3. However, offsprings reared in treatment 4 had significantly ( p < 0.05 ) less live weight and weight gain in comparison to the other groups at seven weeks. Offsprings in treatment 4 also experienced 50% mortality (2/4 animals died), one animal removed from the experiment due to progressive weight loss, and one offspring remained in the experiment for its duration. The other treatment experienced no loss (0% mortality). Based on the results of the experiment, agouti offsprings should not be weaned at one week due to high mortality and low live weight at the end of seven weeks. Animals can be weaned between 2 and 4 weeks of age with no detrimental effects. Dependent on the level of production, animals can be weaned at 2 or 4 weeks depending on the operators desired litters per year.

Iodine supplementation to a diet containing Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal: consequences on nutrient metabolism, clinical chemistry and immunity of goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Pattanaik ◽  
Sardar Ayub Khan ◽  
Tapas K. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Iodine Supplementation

The present study was aimed at investigating the metabolic effects of iodine supplementation in goats when fed on a diet containing Leucaena leucocephala, intended to create mild iodine deficiency. Two groups of indigenous adult goats were fed on a leucaena leaf meal-based diet without (CON) or with 0.1 mg iodine per day per animal (EXP) for a period of 180 days. Dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility were higher (P < 0.05) in the EXP group. The retention of nitrogen and phosphorus was higher (P < 0.05) in the EXP group. Retention of calcium was also higher (P = 0.082) in the EXP group. The net loss of bodyweight in the CON group (−1.21 kg) was reversed in EXP goats, which showed a net gain (+1.79 kg). The serum metabolic profile reflected a positive influence of iodine supplementation, which also induced greater (P < 0.001) circulating thyroxine concentration. The cell-mediated immune response was higher (P < 0.05) in the EXP group, whereas humoral immunity remained unaltered. The results suggested that supplementation with extra iodine could be used as an effective strategy to counteract functional disorders of the thyroid and associated adverse effects induced in goats by feeding of leucaena leaf meal.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT IN BROILER FINISHER RATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
S.A.O. DADA ◽  
L. A. ATANDA ◽  
B. E. ALABI
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Ninety finisher broiler birds averaging 586.06g and 28-days old were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments in which multipurpose tree (MPT) - Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) replaced soybean meal (SBM) at levels of 0.00, 5.25 and 10.50% for a period of 42 days using performance characteristics and economy of production as assessment criteria Birds fed the 0% LLM (diet Aland 10.50% LLM (diet C) consumed more (P .05) feed than the birds fed 5.25% LLM (diet B). Average daily weight gain (ADG) of birds fed diet A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than ADG of birds fed diet C and birds fed diet B recorded the least (P<0.05) ADG. However, the efficiency of feed utilization were similar (P>0.05) among birds fed the three diets. The cost of feed intake per live weight gained of birds fed 5.25%. LLM inclusion was higher than the value obtained for birds fed the control diet by 1.65% but birds fed 10.5% LLM inclusion recorded a 4.56% reduction value over birds fed (control) diet A. 

scholarly journals Influence of SUB-PRO probiotic on meat productivity of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-390
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Nikitchenko ◽  
Vladimir E. Nikitchenko ◽  
Darya V. Andrianova ◽  
Ekaterina O. Ristsova ◽  
Ksenya M. Kondrashkina
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Group I ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group

We studied dynamics of live weight and morphological composition of carcasses in Ross 308 chickens at 1-, 21-, 28-, 34-, 38- and 42-day ages when SUB-PRO probiotic was included in the diet instead of Maxus G feed antibiotic in amount of 100 g/ton of feed. By the age of 42, chickens in the control group (I) reached a live weight of 2234 28.4 g, chickens in the experimental group (II) - 2329 27.3 g, and chickens who took feed antibiotic (III) - 2320 33.4 g. Live weight of chickens of the II group by the age of 42 days exceeded the I group by 95 g or 4.25 % (P 0.05), the III group - by 86 g or 3.85 %. In terms of carcass weight, the experimental group exceeded the control group by 4.60 % (P 0.05), group III - by 4.53 %. The meat productivity of chickens taking antibiotic was not studied further, since that had no practical significance. Over the entire period of rearing, the average daily gain in live weight in control chickens was 52.20 g, in the experimental chickens - 54.46 g. The relative muscle weight in broiler carcasses of the experimental group increased from 55.34 to 66.37 %v from 1 to 42 days of age, while the relative bone weight decreased from 33.23 to 16.78 %. By the age of 42, absolute muscle and bone weight had 123.47- and 51.91-fold increase, respectively, in comparison with diurnal weight. The data of anatomical cutting of chicken carcasses showed that, in terms of muscle and bone content, the most valuable were: breast - 84.63 and 8.25 %, thigh - 75.66 and 12.54 %, respectively; less valuable: drumstick - 67.86 and 20.98 %, wing - 50.58 and 33.53 %, respectively. Diameter of muscle fibers of superficial pectoralis muscle in 42-day-old broilers was 55.20 m; water content - 75.10 %, fat - 1.60 %, protein - 22.31 %. In terms of microbiological parameters, carcass meat meets the requirements of GOST 31468-2012 interstate standard. The inclusion of SUB-PRO probiotic in chicken diet instead of antibiotic does not reduce productivity, but excludes the negative consequences of antibiotic use.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MEAT BULL-CALVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Батырхан Абилов ◽  
Batyrkhan Abilov ◽  
Лариса Пашкова ◽  
Larisa Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
High Level

The article presents the data obtained as a result of carrying by employees of the Research Institute of sheep and goat breeding, a branch of the FSBSI "North Caucasus FARC", the scientific and economic experience to study the efficiency of a new fodder additive "Organic" on the productive and physiological indices of bull-calves during the completion of growing in the conditions of the farm "Pata" agricultural enterprise in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. The statement of the experience and all researches were carried out according to generally accepted methods. In the course of the experiment, the following indices were studied: the chemical compound of forages, the dynamics of a live weight gain in the experimental stock, hematological parameters, control slaughter data, economic indices. Completed researches have shown positive result from the use of the fodder additive "Organic" in bull-calves diets: an increase in the average daily gain of live weight by 25%, a slaughter yield by 1% and a high level of profitability – 27%. Thus, the additional introduction of "Organic" in a diet of young horned cattle in the 2nd experimental group promoted more intensive metabolism, stabilization of a physiological state, increase in productivity and, as a consequence, profitability of beef production. Researches in this direction reveal the latent fodder reserves promoting increase in the productivity of agricultural animals.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF FAMILIES OF RED WHITE BELTED PIGS IN SE «RF ZORYANE» BREEDING FARM

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
L. V. Onishchenko ◽  
M. I. Danilchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Appraisal Index ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Compactness Index

The most perspective genotype in our region is Red White-belted breed, which has high performance both under pure breeding and under crossing with other breeds. The results of complex evaluation of Red White-belted swine of the herd bred in SE "RF Zoryane" breeding farm are presented. It was revealed that animals of the farm comply with elite class and the first class. The main breeding boars used at the farm belong to such genealogical lines: Deviz, Division, Dantist, Debut, and Dobryak. In the structure of the herd, the most numerous was Dobryak line, which part was 58.8%, Division, Debut, Devis lines – 11.8% per line, Dantist line – 5.8%. The herd sows belong to 7 families: Drabowka, Dekada, Dyktsiya, Doina, Dylema, Delta, Dogma. Average prolificacy of the sows was 10.0 piglets. Litter weight at 60 days’ age was 181.0 kg, and live weight of piglet – 19.0 kg. The performance of sows as prolificacy increased by 0.6 head on average. The complex appraisal index for the herd was 104.1 points. The average daily gain of the replacement pigs was 570 g. The highest daily gain was from five to six months – 611.2 g, and the figure of compactness index characterized a certain elongation of animals, increasing meat traits. Further work with Red White-belted breed aims at preserving and expanding the breeding base and genealogical structure, as well as increasing the reproductive, fattening and meat traits.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

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