PRACTICE OF CONSANGUINITY AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS RISK IN THE PASHTUN POPULATION OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqiya Pervaiz ◽  
Faisal Faisal ◽  
Nedime Serakinci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Level Of Understanding

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the frequency of consanguineous marriages and level of understanding of consanguinity-associated genetic risks in the Pashtun population, Pakistan. Information was gathered using a detailed questionnaire completed by 1500 individuals of both sexes over the 11-month period between April 2015 and February 2016. The mean inbreeding coefficient of the respondents was calculated and a five-point response scale was used to assess their understanding of consanguinity risks. The frequency of consanguineous marriages in the Pashtun population was found to be 58.3%, with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.0259. Marriage between second cousins was found to be the dominant marriage type. Level of education was found to be negatively related to the incidence of consanguineous marriage (p<0.001), and higher consanguinity was reported among the rural than the urban population (p<0.001). Participants in the ≥25-year age group, those with a higher level of education and those residing in urban areas exhibited a significantly higher understanding of consanguinity risks. The overall prevalence of consanguinity in the Pashtun population is high, demonstrating the need for awareness of its risks in the target population. The timely dissemination of information on potential health-related risks and the introduction of genetic counselling in the region would benefit both the individuals concerned and the community in general.

scholarly journals Considering the Potential Health Impacts of Electric Scooters: An Analysis of User Reported Behaviors in Provo, Utah

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6344
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Glenn ◽  
Madeline Bluth ◽  
Mannon Christianson ◽  
Jaymie Pressley ◽  
Austin Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Public Health Data ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Impacts

Electric scooters (e-scooters) are an increasingly popular form of transportation in urban areas. While research on this topic has focused primarily on injuries, there are multiple mechanisms by which e-scooter share programs may impact health. The aim of this study is to explore the health-related behaviors of e-scooter users and to discuss their implications for public health. Data were collected using an online survey emailed to registered e-scooter users. A total of 1070 users completed the survey. Descriptive variable statistics and chi-squared analysis were performed to determine variable dependent relationships and equality of proportions. The most common destinations reported were “just riding around for fun”, home, and dining/shopping. The two most common modes of transportation that would have been used if e-scooters were not available were walking (43.5%) and using a personal vehicle (28.5%). Riding behavior was equally mixed between on the street, on the sidewalk, and equal amounts of both. e-Scooters in Provo are likely having both positive (e.g., air pollution) and negative impacts on health (e.g., injuries, physical inactivity). Future research should further explore patterns of e-scooter use and explicitly examine the linkages between e-scooters and areas of health beyond just injuries.

scholarly journals Understanding disadvantaged adolescents’ perception of health literacy through a systematic development of peer vignettes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Goss ◽  
Clare McDermott ◽  
Laura Hickey ◽  
Johann Issartel ◽  
Sarah Meegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Unhealthy Behaviour ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Literacy Profiles ◽  
Improve Health

Abstract Background Adolescence represents a crucial phase of life where health behaviours, attitudes and social determinants can have lasting impacts on health quality across the life course. Unhealthy behaviour in young people is generally more common in low socioeconomic groups. Nevertheless, all adolescents should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential. Health literacy is positioned as a potential mediating factor to improve health, but research regarding health literacy in adolescents and socially disadvantaged populations is limited. As part of Phase one of the Ophelia (OPtimising HEalth LIterAcy) framework, The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of socially disadvantaged Irish adolescents in relation to health literacy and related behaviours, and utilise this data to develop relevant vignettes. Methods A convergent mixed method design was used to co-create the vignettes. Questionnaires were completed by 962 adolescents (males n = 553, females n = 409, Mean age = 13.97 ± 0.96 years) from five participating disadvantaged schools in Leinster, Ireland. Focus groups were also conducted in each school (n = 31). Results were synthesised using cluster and thematic analysis, to develop nine vignettes that represented typical male and female subgroups across the schools with varying health literacy profiles. These vignettes were then validated through triangular consensus with students, teachers, and researchers. Discussion The co-creation process was a participatory methodology which promoted the engagement and autonomy of the young people involved in the project. The vignettes themselves provide an authentic and tangible description of the health issues and health literacy profiles of adolescents in this context. Application of these vignettes in workshops involving students and teachers, will enable meaningful engagement in the discussion of health literacy and health-related behaviours in Irish young people, and the potential co-designing of strategies to address health literacy in youth. Conclusion As guided by the Ophelia framework, the use of authentic, interactive and participatory research methods, such as the co-creation of vignettes, is particularly important in groups that are underserved by traditional research methods. The approach used in this study could be adapted to other contexts to represent and understand stakeholders’ perceptions of health, with a view to explore, and ultimately improve, health literacy.

scholarly journals Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zatońska ◽  
Piotr Psikus ◽  
Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽  
Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽  
Maria Wołyniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

scholarly journals Caries Prevalence Associated with Oral Health-Related Behaviors among Romanian Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6515
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
Anamaria Matichescu ◽  
Octavia Balean ◽  
Mihaela Adina Dumitrache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Binary Model ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
Oral Health Related Behaviors

Oral health-related behaviors and living conditions play an important role in general and oral health. This study aimed to evaluate caries prevalence and severity in schoolchildren residing in rural and urban areas of Romania, and to correlate these with oral health-related behaviors. An estimation of the required sample size was conducted (sampling error of ±3% at a 95% confidence level), followed by the stratification of administrative units and then the selection of 49 schools. The Hurdle approach was used to analyze the dataset, requiring two sets of analyses for each outcome variable: a multilevel binary model to predict prevalence, and a multilevel Poisson analysis using only non-zero values. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the dentinal caries index was 4.96 (5.33). Girls were more likely to have non-zero restoration codes (β = 0.14, SE = 0.08, p < 0.05). Low education levels of each parent were associated with an increased likelihood of having non-zero carious tooth surfaces (β = 0.23, SE = 0.06, p = 0.01; β = 0.22, SE = 0.06, p < 0.01). The presence of cavities was predicted by the consumption of carbonated soft drinks (β = 0.19, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01), candies (β = 0.13, SE = 0.06, p < 0.01), sweetened milk (β = 0.12, SE = 0.06, p < 0.05), tea (β = 0.16, SE =0.08, p < 0.05), or cocoa (β = 0.13, SE = 0.06, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the non-zero values of the dentinal caries index were more likely in rural schools (β =−0.37, SE = 0.11, p < 0.01), and a negative association between the county development index and the fillings/restorations index (β = −0.01, SE = 0.01, p < 0.05) was also established. The outcome of this research highlights that the presence of caries (dentinal caries index) in Romanian schoolchildren is influenced by their socioeconomic background, as well as their specific consumption behaviors.

scholarly journals HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS OF SENIORS IN RURAL VERSUS URBAN AREAS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aneta Omelan ◽  
Iwona Zielińska ◽  
Bogdan Wziątek ◽  
Ernest Bielinis ◽  
Robert Podstawski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Uptake of household disinfection kits as an additional measure in response to a cholera outbreak in urban areas of Haiti

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gartley ◽  
P. Valeh ◽  
R. de Lange ◽  
S. DiCarlo ◽  
A. Viscusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Medecins Sans Frontieres ◽  
Cleaning Products ◽  
First Time

Médecins Sans Frontières-Operational Centre Amsterdam piloted the distribution of household disinfection kits (HDKs) and health promotion sessions for cholera prevention in households of patients admitted to their cholera treatment centres in Carrefour, Port au Prince, Haiti, between December 2010 and February 2011. We conducted a follow-up survey with 208 recipient households to determine the uptake and use of the kits and understanding of the health promotion messages. In 61% of surveyed households, a caregiver had been the recipient of the HDK and 57.7% of households had received the HDKs after the discharge of the patient. Among surveyed households, 97.6% stated they had used the contents of the HDK after receiving it, with 75% of these reporting using five or more items, with the two most popular items being chlorine and soap. A significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in self-reported use items in the HDK was observed in households that received kits after 24 January 2011 when the education messages were strengthened. To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been demonstrated that during a large-scale cholera outbreak, the distribution of simple kits, with readily available cleaning products and materials, combined with health promotion is easy, feasible, and valued by the target population.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FAMILY SUPPORT SERVICES ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY: CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Chepkoech ◽  
Hannah Bula
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Spillover Theory ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Family Support Services

Social demands in our world today and pressures from employees have posed a challenging dilemma among employers. The employers have had to adopt strategies that will meet the needs of the employers in order to make sure that they retain the best talents while at the same time provide a work life balance thus ensuring a win-win situation for all parties. Lack of providing work life balances have led to metal ill health related disease, absenteeism to deal with family issues and finally loss of best talent to the competitors especially when they have favorable work life balance practices. The study therefore sought to establish the influence of family support practices on employee productivity Safaricom limited in Kenya. The study adopted spillover theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey with target population of 4972 employees of Safaricom limited Kenya. A sample size of 370 employees of the target population was considered using stratified sampling method. Quantitative data that resulted from this process was analyzed with help of SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean, percentages and standard deviation. From the findings, family support services significantly influence employee productivity at r=.598 p<0.005. Additionally, the findings concur with the theoretical foundation of the study that adoption of family support services spills over to the attitude and the motivation of the employees which results to increased productivity. JEL: J10; J24

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP PEMAHAMAHAN SAK ETAP

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Khoirur Rohmawati ◽  
Indira Januarti
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Data Analysis Tool ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Understanding

The use of Financial Accounting Standards Entity without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) has been launched starting in 2011, although there is still relatively little research on the topic of understanding SAK ETAP. Research on the use of previous SAK ETAP is more inclined to case studies in a particular SME. Cooperatives must make a financial report annually as a form of accountability Board to member. The understanding of accounting employees about SAK ETAP is important because accounting employees are responsible for financial reporting. Therefore, this research needs to be done to know how far the understanding of the accounting section of SAK ETAP.This study aims to analyze the factors that effect on the understanding of the economic enterprise accountants of SAK ETAP. These factors include level of education, educational background, SAK ETAP training, and gender. This study used data obtained from the questionnaire where the respondents were a cooperative accounting officer located in the Pati District. Respondents amounted to 80 who became the sample of the study. The sampling method study was used convenience sampling. The data analysis tool used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that education level, educational background, and training of SAK ETAP influenced the understanding of SAK ETAP. The higher the level of education, the ability to understand the SAK ETAP is also high. Employees who have an accounting education background were easier to understand SAK ETAP than non accounting education. In addition, SAK ETAP training can also improve employees' ability to understand SAK ETAP. However, gender has no influence in determining the level of understanding of SAK ETAP.

scholarly journals Factors associated with hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246085
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Ghazala Shah ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Asma Shah ◽  
Kaustubh Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Related

Background High blood pressure is an important public health concern and the leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity. To assess the implications of this condition, we aimed to review the existing literature and study the factors that are significantly associated with hypertension in the Pakistani population. Methods We conducted several electronic searches in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, Elsevier, and manually searched the citations of published articles on hypertension from May 2019 to August 2019. We included all studies that examined factors associated with hypertension regardless of the study design. To assess the quality of the research, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We also conducted meta-analyses using the DerSimonian & Laird random-effects model to collate results from at least three studies. Results We included 30 cross-sectional and 7 case-control studies (99,391 participants country-wide) in this review and found 13 (35.1%) to be high-quality studies. We identified 5 socio-demographic, 3 lifestyle, 3 health-related, and 4 psychological variables that were significantly associated with hypertension. Adults aged between 30–60 years who were married, living in urban areas with high incomes, used tobacco, had a family history of hypertension, and had comorbidities (overweight, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, stress, and anger management issues) were positively associated with hypertension. On the other hand, individuals having high education levels, normal physical activity, and unrestricted salt in their diet were negatively associated with hypertension. Conclusion We found several socio-demographic, lifestyle, health-related, and psychological factors that were significantly (positively and negatively) associated with hypertension. Our findings may help physicians and public health workers to identify high-risk groups and recommend appropriate prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate these factors rigorously and collate global evidence on the same.

scholarly journals Health Impact Assessment and City Council Policy: Identifying Opportunities to Address Local Social Determinants of Health & Place-Health Relationships, 10 Years Later

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Petteway ◽  
Shannon Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
City Council ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Related

Background: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) can be used to assess any type of policy/program related to social determinants (SDH).  However, local public health departments (LHDs) have been slow to adopt formal use of HIA in efforts to address local SDH, even with growing evidence linking SDH and place-health relationships. Ten years ago we completed a review of Baltimore City Council policies to advance this conversation within the LHD. Our goal here is to revisit this review and, again, outline a process by which LHDs can: a) monitor local policies in regard to SDH and b) identify opportunities for potential HIA use. Methods:  We reviewed all policies introduced into Baltimore City Council in calendar years 2008 and 2009. We reviewed each policy to identify those with potential health impacts. We then categorized these policies as: a) “explicitly health-related” or b) “related to SDH.” We then tabulated the number and sub-types of these policies that were referred for LHD review. Results: We identified and reviewed 597 total policies. 89 policies (15%) were identified as “explicitly health-related,” 34 (38%) of which were referred for LHD review. 208 policies (35%) were identified as “related to SDH,” 13 (6%) of which were reviewed. Overall, 297 (50%) policies were identified as having potential health impacts, 47 (16%) of which were reviewed. Conclusion: This work represents a potentially replicable process to identify HIA opportunities, and potential launch point for health-in-all-policies efforts. In Baltimore, it facilitated dialogue with Baltimore City officials and led to the LHD’s first HIA grant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document