Socio-ecological determinants of under-five mortality in Nigeria: exploring the roles of neighbourhood poverty and use of solid cooking fuel

Harmful Emissions ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Cooking Fuels ◽

Strategic Support ◽

Childbearing Women

Abstract Globally, despite the decline in under-five mortality rate from 213 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 132 per 1000 live births in 2018, the pace of decline has been slow, and this can be attributed to poor progress in child survival interventions, including those aimed at reducing children’s exposure to household pollution. This study examined the influence of neighbourhood poverty and the use of solid cooking fuels on under-five mortality in Nigeria. Data for the study comprised a weighted sample of 124,442 birth histories of childbearing women who reported using cooking fuels in the kitchens located within their house drawn from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive and analytical analyses were carried out, including frequency tables, Pearson’s chi-squared test and multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional regression model. The results showed that the risk of under-five mortality was significantly associated with mothers residing in areas of high neighbourhood poverty (HR: 1.44, CI: 1.34–1.54) and the use of solid cooking fuels within the house (HR: 2.26, CI: 2.06–2.49). Government and non-governmental organizations in Nigeria should initiate strategic support and campaigns aimed at empowering and enlightening mothers on the need to reduce their use of solid cooking fuels within the house to reduce harmful emissions and their child health consequences.

Under-Five Mortality and Associated Factors: Evidence from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2001–2016)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16071241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Pramesh Ghimire ◽

Kingsley Agho ◽

Osita Ezeh ◽

Andre Renzaho ◽

Michael Dibley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Health Survey ◽

Child Survival ◽

Common Factors ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Sustainable Development Goal ◽

Development Goal ◽

Live Births ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated

Child mortality in Nepal has reduced, but the rate is still above the Sustainable Development Goal target of 20 deaths per 1000 live births. This study aimed to identify common factors associated with under-five mortality in Nepal. Survival information of 16,802 most recent singleton live births from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey for the period (2001–2016) were utilized. Survey-based Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine factors associated with under-five mortality. Multivariable analyses revealed the most common factors associated with mortality across all age subgroups included: mothers who reported previous death of a child [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 17.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.44, 26.26 for neonatal; aHR 13.05, 95% CI 7.19, 23.67 for post-neonatal; aHR 15.90, 95% CI 11.38, 22.22 for infant; aHR 16.98, 95% CI 6.19, 46.58 for child; and aHR 15.97, 95% CI 11.64, 21.92 for under-five mortality]; nonuse of tetanus toxoids (TT) vaccinations during pregnancy (aHR 2.28, 95% CI 1.68, 3.09 for neonatal; aHR 1.86, 95% CI 1.24, 2.79 for post-neonatal; aHR 2.44, 95% CI 1.89, 3.15 for infant; aHR 2.93, 95% CI 1.51, 5.69 for child; and aHR 2.39, 95% CI 1.89, 3.01 for under-five mortality); and nonuse of contraceptives among mothers (aHR 1.69, 95% CI 1.21, 2.37 for neonatal; aHR 2.69, 95% CI 1.67, 4.32 for post-neonatal; aHR 2.01, 95% CI 1.53, 2.64 for infant; aHR 2.47, 95% CI 1.30, 4.71 for child; and aHR 2.03, 95% CI 1.57, 2.62 for under-five mortality). Family planning intervention as well as promotion of universal coverage of at least two doses of TT vaccine are essential to help achieve child survival Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of <20 under-five deaths and <12 neonatal deaths per 1000 births by the year 2030.

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS USING STATISTICAL APPROACHES

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2020.8351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 472-479

Author(s):

Alexander Vasyaev ◽

Yulia Ryzhova ◽

Nadiya Stovolos ◽

Lyudmila Belova

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Human Resource Management ◽

Human Resource ◽

Management Policy ◽

Personnel Policy ◽

Important Relationship ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Impact

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to detect and track the possible correlation between the activities of non-governmental organizations and human resource management. This study also goal to investigate the role of the manager in fulfilling the prerequisites to reach the prosperity and flourishment within a group that works on a certain end. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, a survey of the management and employees of six non-governmental organizations operating in various fields (educational, sports, charitable, scientific) was conducted. A total of 150 people were interviewed. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to calculate preliminary approaches that are recently using and final findings. Main Findings: The pilot analysis using the Pearson chi-squared method revealed that the personnel policy can have a positive effect on the organization, as it allows hiring qualified employees and promotes employee motivation. According to Pearson's chi-square criterion, it was found out that there is no statistically important relationship between human resource management and the operation of non-governmental organizations. Applications of this study: This may be explained by the fact that there are other significant factors affecting the operation of the company and being involved in the human resource management policy. However, a competent personnel policy is one of the components of the successful development of the company. Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of this study is that this revealed that organizations should have clear requirements for their employees in order to hire them in accordance with the company criteria. In addition, it is necessary to create a favorable working environment, as well as to consider human resource management when setting the development priorities of the organization.

Proximate, intermediate, and distal predictors of under-five mortality in Chad: analysis of the 2014–15 Chad demographic and health survey data

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09869-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah ◽

Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Child Survival ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Live Births ◽

Under Five ◽

Health Survey Data

Abstract Background Under-five mortality in Chad reached a minimum value of 119 deaths per 1000 live births in 2018, compared with a maximum of 250 in 1972. Despite this decline in the mortality trend, for every six children in Chad, one dies before the age of five. This study, therefore, investigated the proximate, intermediate, and distal determinants of under-five mortality in Chad. Methods We used data from the 2014–15 Chad's Demographic and Health Survey. Data of 7782 children below 5 years were used for the study. Both descriptive and multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results Under-five mortality was found to be 130 deaths per 1000 live births in Chad, with variations across the various population sub-groups. For distal predictors, the likelihood of death was higher in children born in the FChari Baguirmi region (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.81–8.14). Children whose mothers belonged to the Baguirmi/Barma ethnic group (AOR = 8.04, 95% CI: 1.75–36.99) were more likely to die before the age of five. On the contrary, the likelihood of under-five mortality was low among children born in rural areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97). With the intermediate predictors, the likelihood of under-five deaths was higher among children whose mothers had no formal education (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06–2.77). Regarding the proximate predictors, the odds of under-five deaths was higher among male children (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63) and first rank children (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13–2.21). Conclusion The study found that the determinants of under-five mortality in Chad are region of residence, place of residence, ethnicity, education, sex of child, and birth rank. These findings show that both socio-economic and proximate factors explain the disparities in under-five mortality in Chad. The identification of these factors can be pivotal towards the design of evidence-based interventions intended to improve child survival. Therefore, improving maternal education while refocusing and re-packaging existing strategies to target selected sub-regional populations with high under-five mortality is urgently required.

Non-governmental organizations as key partners in mental health in Europe

Die Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1670733 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. E. Baumann

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Policy ◽

Policy Development ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Action Plan ◽

Mental Health Policy ◽

Health Action ◽

Health Action Plan

SummaryThe shift towards a rights-based approach to health which has taken place over the past decade has strengthened the role of civil society and their organizations in raising and claiming the entitlements of different social groups. It has become obvious that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are central to any successful multi-stakeholder partnership, and they have become more recognized as key actors in health policy and programme development and implementation. There is a broad spectrum of NGOs active in the area of mental health in Europe which aim to empower people with mental health problems and their families, give them a voice in health policy development and implementation and in service design and delivery, to raise awareness and fight stigma and discrimination, and foster implementation of obligations set by internationally agreed mental health policy documents. With the endorsement of the Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 (20) and the European Mental Health Action Plan (19) stakeholders agree to strengthen capacity of service user and family advocacy groups and to secure their participation as partners in activities for mental health promotion, disorder prevention and improving mental health services.

Challenges to immigrant associations and NGOs in contemporary Greece

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v10i3.133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 342-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Apostolos G. Papadopoulos ◽

Christos Chalkias ◽

Loukia-Maria Fratsea

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Geographical Range ◽

Legal Form ◽

Social Actors ◽

Migrant Integration ◽

Concentration Patterns

The paper explores the challenges faced today, in a context of severe economic crisis, by immigrant associations (ΙΜΑs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Greece. The data analysed here was collected between October 2009 and February 2010 and incorporates references to all recorded migration-related social actors operating in Greece. The paper takes into account such indicators as legal form, objectives, financial capacity and geographical range of activity, concluding with a typology of civil society actors dealing with migration issues. This study aims at informing the migration policymaking and migrant integration processes. By a spatial hot-spot clustering of IMAs and NGOs, we also illustrate the concentration patterns of civil society actors in Greece.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v24i1pp187-196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V. S. CHAUHAN ◽

BHANUMATI SINGH ◽

SHREE GANESH ◽

JAMSHED ZAIDI

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Base Line ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Large Cities ◽

The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

Understanding the Outcomes of Climate Change Campaigns in the Australian Environmental Movement

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2018.001651 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Robyn Gulliver ◽

Kelly S. Fielding ◽

Winnifred Louis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Collective Action ◽

Environmental Advocacy ◽

Personal Support ◽

Collective Response ◽

Advocacy Network ◽

Australian Climate

Climate change is a global problem requiring a collective response. Grassroots advocacy has been an important element in propelling this collective response, often through the mechanism of campaigns. However, it is not clear whether the climate change campaigns organized by the environmental advocacy groups are successful in achieving their goals, nor the degree to which other benefits may accrue to groups who run them. To investigate this further, we report a case study of the Australian climate change advocacy sector. Three methods were used to gather data to inform this case study: content analysis of climate change organizations’ websites, analysis of website text relating to campaign outcomes, and interviews with climate change campaigners. Findings demonstrate that climate change advocacy is diverse and achieving substantial successes such as the development of climate change-related legislation and divestment commitments from a range of organizations. The data also highlights additional benefits of campaigning such as gaining access to political power and increasing groups’ financial and volunteer resources. The successful outcomes of campaigns were influenced by the ability of groups to sustain strong personal support networks, use skills and resources available across the wider environmental advocacy network, and form consensus around shared strategic values. Communicating the successes of climate change advocacy could help mobilize collective action to address climate change. As such, this case study of the Australian climate change movement is relevant for both academics focusing on social movements and collective action and advocacy-focused practitioners, philanthropists, and non-governmental organizations.

Community Based 3R Waste Management Strategy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Bantas Village, Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/09/593 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (09) ◽

pp. 21041-21049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I Putu Sudana Satria Artha ◽

Nyoman Utari Vipriyanti ◽

I Putu Sujana

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Human Life ◽

Economic Value ◽

Community Based ◽

Waste Products ◽

Inorganic Waste

Garbage can be interpreted as a consequence of the activities of human life. It is undeniable, garbage will always be there as long as life activities continue to run. Every year, it can be ascertained that the volume of waste will always increase along with the increasing pattern of public consumerism. The landfill which is increasingly polluting the environment requires a technique and management to manage waste into something useful and of economic value, Bantas Village, Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency currently has a Waste Management Site (TPS3R) managed by Non-Governmental Organizations (KSM ) The source of waste comes from Households, Stalls, Restaurant Entrepreneurs, Schools, Offices and Ceremonies which are organic and inorganic waste. The waste management system at Bantas Lestari TPS with 3R system is Reduce (reduction of waste products starts from the source), Reuse (reuse for waste that can be reused) and Recycle (recycling waste) to date it is still running but not optimal. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using SWOT analysis. This study produces a Waste Management Strategy which is the result of research from the management aspect, aspects of human resources and aspects of infrastructure facilities.