scholarly journals Brain structural correlates of schizotypal signs and subclinical schizophrenia nuclear symptoms in healthy individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tina Meller ◽  
Simon Schmitt ◽  
Ulrich Ettinger ◽  
Phillip Grant ◽  
Frederike Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cluster Level

Abstract Background Subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLE), resembling key symptoms of psychotic disorders, are common throughout the general population and possibly associated with psychosis risk. There is evidence that such symptoms are also associated with structural brain changes. Methods In 672 healthy individuals, we assessed PLE and associated distress with the symptom-checklist-90R (SCL-90R) scales ‘schizotypal signs’ (STS) and ‘schizophrenia nuclear symptoms’ (SNS) and analysed associations with voxel- and surfaced-based brain structural parameters derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T with CAT12. Results For SNS, we found a positive correlation with the volume in the left superior parietal lobule and the precuneus, and a negative correlation with the volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus [p < 0.05 cluster-level Family Wise Error (FWE-corrected]. For STS, we found a negative correlation with the volume of the left and right precentral gyrus (p < 0.05 cluster-level FWE-corrected). Surface-based analyses did not detect any significant clusters with the chosen statistical threshold of p < 0.05. However, in exploratory analyses (p < 0.001, uncorrected), we found a positive correlation of SNS with gyrification in the left insula and rostral middle frontal gyrus and of STS with the left precuneus and insula, as well as a negative correlation of STS with gyrification in the left temporal pole. Conclusions Our results show that brain structures in areas implicated in schizophrenia are also related to PLE and its associated distress in healthy individuals. This pattern supports a dimensional model of the neural correlates of symptoms of the psychotic spectrum.

scholarly journals Correlation of adverse childhood experiences with psychiatric disorders and aggressiveness in adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Samardzic ◽  
Gordana Nikolic ◽  
Grozdanko Grbesa ◽  
Maja Simonovic ◽  
Tatjana Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aim. Consequences of individual adverse childhood experiences for adult mental health have been precisely studied during past decades. The focus of past research was mainly on childhood maltreatment and neglect. The aim of this paper was to determine association between multiple adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric disorders, as well as their correlation to the degree and type of aggressiveness in adult psychiatric patients. Methods. One hundred and thirteen psychiatric outpatients were divided into three diagnostic groups: psychotics, non-psychotics and alcoholics and compared with fourty healthy individuals. Adverse childhood experiences data were gathered retrospectively, using the Adverse childhood experiences questionnaire and explanatory interview. Aggressiveness was assessed using Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The Student's t test, ANOVA and correlational analysis were used for evaluation of statistical significance of differences among the groups. A value p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Our results showed that the mean number of adverse childhood experiences in each group of psychiatric patients, as well as in the whole group of patients, was statistically significantly higher than in the group of healthy individuals (p < 0.001); there was a statistically significant difference in score of physical aggressiveness between the patients exposed to adverse childhood experiences and those who were not exposed to them (p < 0.05); scores of physical aggressiveness were in positive correlation with the number of adverse childhood experiences (p < 0.05). The highest mean score of adverse childhood experiences was evidenced in the group of patients with psychotic disorders. Conclusion. Multiple adverse childhood experiences are significantly associated with psychotic disorders, nonpsychotic disorders and alcohol dependence in adulthood and their presence is important morbidity risk factor for psychiatric disorders. They are in positive correlation with physical aggressiveness of the patients from these diagnostic groups.

Features of Emotional Intelligence and its Connection with Level of Social Functioning in Patients with Depressive-paranoid Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S213-S213
Author(s):  
O. Zubatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Performance Scale

IntroductionThe problem of social functioning of psychiatric patients is one of the most relevant these days.ObjectivesStudying characteristics of emotional intelligence parameters in patients with depressive-paranoid symptoms in psychotic disorders in the structure of F 20.0, F25.1 and F33.3.Participants Study involved 40 patients divided into three groups according to nosology:– Group 1: F 20.0;– Group 2: F 25.1;– Group 3: F 33.3.MethodsMSCEIT (Russian version of the adapted version of Sergienko O.O., Vetrova I.I.), the scale of PANSS and PSP.ResultsThe highest rates are in the group F25.1, except for the scale D. In group F 20.0 compared to other scales reduced scale index N. In group F 33.3 reduced compared to the scales A and E are indicators of scales D and H. 2. The observed negative correlation scale D performance of N5, G1, G5, G8, G14 (PANSS) in group F 20.0 and positive correlation in group F 33.3 of G6. E indicators scales show positive correlation with G3, group F20.0, and F33.3. Also was found a negative correlation with the performance scale O13 H group F20.0. 3. The positive correlation between the level of social functioning and performance scale H group F20.0 scales and indicators in the group D F33.3.ConclusionThe findings are the “resource area”, which have become “target” of rehabilitation programs for this group of patients.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Impaired interhemispheric synchrony in late blindness

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Fu-Qing Zhou ◽  
Han-Dong Dan ◽  
Yin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Gaussian Random Field ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Recognition Function ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cluster Level

Background Several neuroimaging studies demonstrated that visual deprivation led to significant cross-modal plasticity in the brain’s functional and anatomical architecture. Purpose To investigate the pattern of the interhemispheric functional connectivity in individuals with late blindness using the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) methods. Material and Methods Forty-four individuals with late blindness (22 men, 22 women; mean age = 39.88 ± 12.84 years) and 55 sighted control individuals (35 men, 20 women; mean age = 43.13 ± 13.98 years)—closely matched for age, sex, and education—underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans. The VMHC and seed-based FC methods were applied to assess interhemispheric coordination in a voxel-wise manner. Results Compared with the sighted control groups, the late blindness groups showed decreased VMHC values in the bilateral cuneus/calcarine/lingual gyrus (CUN/CAL/LING) (BA 17/18/19) (voxel level: P < 0.001, Gaussian random field [GRF] correction, cluster level: P < 0.005). Meanwhile, for seed-based FC analysis, compared with the sighted control group, the late blindness group showed a decreased FC between the right lower VMHC regions and the bilateral CUN/LING/CAL/precuneus (PreCUN)/left middle occipital gyrus (MOG) (BA 18/19/30/31) and left precentral gyrus (PreCG) and postcentral gyrus (PostCG) (BA 2/3/4/6). The late blindness group showed a decreased FC between the left lower VMHC regions and the bilateral CUN/LING/CAL/PreCUN (BA 18/19/31) and left PreCG and PostCG (BA 2/3/4/6) relative to the sighted control group (voxel level: P < 0.001, GRF correction, cluster level: P < 0.005). Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the duration of blindness and VMHC values in the bilateral CUN/CAL/LING (r = −0.393, P = 0.008) in individuals with late blindness. Conclusion Our results indicated that late blindness induced substantial impairment of interhemispheric coordination in the visual cortex. This might reflect impaired visual fusion, visual recognition function, and top-down modulations in individuals with late blindness.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness distinguishes between major depression and schizophrenia in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheyi Zhou ◽  
Kangcheng Wang ◽  
Jinxiang Tang ◽  
Dongtao Wei ◽  
Li Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Classification Feature ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
Leave One Out

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of adolescent psychiatric disorder is crucial for early intervention. However, there is extensive comorbidity between affective and psychotic disorders, which increases the difficulty of precise diagnoses among adolescents. Methods We obtained structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 150 adolescents, including 67 and 47 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as 34 healthy controls (HC) to explore whether psychiatric disorders could be identified using a machine learning technique. Specifically, we used the support vector machine and the leave-one-out cross-validation method to distinguish among adolescents with MDD and SCZ and healthy controls. Results We found that cortical thickness was a classification feature of a) MDD and HC with 79.21% accuracy where the temporal pole had the highest weight; b) SCZ and HC with 69.88% accuracy where the left superior temporal sulcus had the highest weight. Notably, adolescents with MDD and SCZ could be classified with 62.93% accuracy where the right pars triangularis had the highest weight. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cortical thickness may be a critical biological feature in the diagnosis of adolescent psychiatric disorders. These findings might be helpful to establish an early prediction model for adolescents to better diagnose psychiatric disorders.

Correlation of Phraseological Semantic Fields in Russian Study of Aphorisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Anshelika Korolkova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Zero Correlation ◽  
Russian Study

The article deals with the interconnection and interdependence of phraseological semantic fields of Russian study of aphorisms in synchronic and in diachronic approaches. The correlation of phraseological semantic fields of Russian study of aphorisms is considered as their interdependence due to various factors (linguistic and extra-linguistic ones). The correlation of the phraseological semantic fields of Russian study of aphorisms is manifested in the existence of many antinomies. The natural linguistic antinomies of life / death / immortality or war / peace, or good / evil, or friend / enemy, or villainy / nobility are reflected in Russian aphorisms and have entered the corresponding phraseological semantic fields. The corpus of Russian study of aphorisms containsnot only antinomic aphorisms, but also antinomic relations that extend to the level of language and speech. Therefore, in Russian study of aphorisms there are phraseological semantic fields that implement these antinomies. In addition to the antinomic phraseological semantic fields in the corpus of classical Russian study of aphorisms there are other types of correlations. The keywords (concepts) of many phraseological semantic fields are closely thematically connected. When the number of units from one field is changed, the number of units in another phraseological semantic field also changes. Most phraseological semantic fields of Russian study of aphorisms do not show a zero correlation in either synchronic or diachronic approaches. This is due to, first of all, the universality of the aphoristic theme, with all the ideological and thematic uniqueness of the sayings used by Russian writers. However, a few phraseological and semantic fields of aphorisms by Russian writers may show a negative correlation, which is due to the diversity of the thematic groups that comprise them. A positive correlation of phraseological semantic fields, the most significant in the number of their constituent components, shows deep internal linguistic systemic connections in Russian classical study of aphorisms.

Comparison of the Aditus ad Antrum Diameter on CT between Patients with Chronic Otitis Media and Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Gündoğdu ◽  
Uğur Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Background: The middle ear cavity is ventilated through the aditus ad antrum. Aditus blockage contributes to the pathology of otitis media. Objective: To determine the normal values of the aditus ad antrum diameter on computed tomography and to investigate its relationship with chronic otitis media and related pathologies (tympanosclerosis and myringosclerosis). Methods: The temporal CT images of 162 individuals were evaluated retrospectively. In the axial sections, the inner diameter of the aditus was measured at the narrowest point at the cortex. The differences in diameter were compared between diseased and healthy ears. Results: In healthy individuals, the diameter was narrower in women. There was no difference between the right and left ears in healthy subjects. No correlation was found between age and diameter. In male patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter was slightly narrower on both sides but more marked on the left. In female patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter in both ears was slightly narrower. In cases of otitis media and tympanosclerosis, the diameter was less than that of healthy individuals, despite the lack of statistically significant result in all cases. Conclusion: The aditus ad antrum was narrower in diseased ears, indicating that a blocked aditus may contribute to the development of otitis media, as well as mucosal diseases.

Força dos Músculos Rotadores do Ombro em Indivíduos Saudáveis/ Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Paulo José Oliveira Cortez ◽  
José Elias Tomazini ◽  
Mauro Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Right

Introdução: A diminuição da capacidade de exercer esforços por parte dos músculos rotadores pode criar uma variedade de problemas. O conhecimento preciso do nível de força muscular de um indivíduo é importante, tanto para a avaliação da capacidade funcional ocupacional, como para uma apropriada prescrição de exercícios atléticos e de reabilitação. Percebe-se escassez de informação sobre as articulações do ombro, bem como os fatores envolvidos na força muscular dessa região. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a força gerada pelos músculos do manguito rotador entre o membro superior direito e o membro superior esquerdo em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 22 sujeitos do sexo masculino, com idade de 18 e 19 anos, militares, saudáveis e sem história clínica de patologia ortopédica ou qualquer tipo de lesão no sistema musculoesquelético. Foram aplicados dois testes de força: Rotação Interna e Rotação Externa. Resultado : A força média de rotação interna no membro superior direito (MSD) foi maior que a força média de rotação interna no membro superior esquerdo (MSE) (p=0,723) e a força de rotação externa no MSD foi menor que a força média de rotação externa no MSE (p=0,788). Não houve diferença estatística na comparação dos valores de força de todos os testes de força isométrica. Conclusão: Para amostra estudada e metodologia utilizada na avaliação da força muscular, não houve diferença estatística na comparação da força gerada pelos músculos do manguito rotador do membro superior direito e do membro superior esquerdo.Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals Introduction: Decreased ability to exert efforts by the rotator muscles can create a variety of problems. The precise knowledge of the level of muscular strength of an individual is important for both the functional capacity evaluation for occupational as an appropriate exercise prescription and rehabilitation of athletic. It is perceived scarcity of information on the shoulder joints as well as factors involved in muscle strength in this region. Objective: Develop a device for measuring the strength generated by the muscles of the upper limbs and the verification of efficiency and adaptability of this device through a comparative study of muscle strength in healthy subjects. Methods: The study included 22 male subjects, aged 18 and 19 years, military personnel, body mass between 57.7 and 93 kg (71.8 ± 9.45 kg) and height between 1.67 and 1.90 m (1.75 ± 0.06 m), healthy and without a history of orthopaedic disease or any kind of damage to the musculoskeletal system. Three strength tests were applied: Internal Rotation and External Rotation. For each type of effort three maximum voluntary contractions were required for 10 seconds, with an interval of 30 seconds between each contraction.  Results: Internal rotation in the right upper limb (RUL) was higher than the average strength of internal rotation in the left upper limb (LUL) (p = 0, 723) and the external rotation strength in RUL was lower than the average strength of external rotation in the LUL (p=0,788).  No statistical difference in comparing the strength values of all isometric strength tests. Conclusion: For sample and methodology used to assess muscle strength, there was no statistical difference in comparing the force generated by the muscles of the rotator cuff of the right and left upper limb.

scholarly journals Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Wajdy J. Al-Awaida ◽  
Baker Jawabrah Al Hourani ◽  
Samer Swedan ◽  
Refat Nimer ◽  
Foad Alzoughool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Study of Short Latency Somatosensory and Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Involving Middle Cerebral Artery Territory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Miryala ◽  
Mahendra Javali ◽  
Anish Mehta ◽  
Pradeep R. ◽  
Purushottam Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract Background The precise timings of evoked potentials in evaluating the functional outcome of stroke have remained indistinct. Few studies in the Indian context have studied the outcome of early prognosis of stroke utilizing evoked potentials. Objective The aim of this study was to determine somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), their timing and abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke involving the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory and to correlate SSEP and BAEP with the functional outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS) and Barthel’s index) at 3 months. Methods MCA territory involved acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 30) presenting consecutively to the hospital within 3 days of symptoms onset were included. Details about clinical symptoms, neurological examination, treatment, NIHSS score, mRS scores were collected at the time of admission. All patients underwent imaging of the brain and were subjected to SSEP and BAEP on two occasions, first at 1 to 3 days and second at 4 to 7 days from the onset of stroke. At 3 months of follow-up, NIHSS, mRS, and Barthel’s index were recorded. Results P37 and N20 amplitude had a strong negative correlation (at 1–3 and 4–7 days) with NIHSS at admission, NIHSS at 3 months, mRS at admission, and mRS at 3 months and a significant positive correlation with Barthel’s index (p < 0.0001). BAEP wave V had a negative correlation (at 1–3 and 4–7 days) with NIHSS at admission, NIHSS at 3 months, mRS at admission, and mRS at 3 months and a positive correlation with Barthel’s index (p < 0.0001). Conclusion SSEP abnormalities recorded on days 4 to 7 from onset of stroke are more significant than those recorded within 1 to 3 days of onset of stroke; hence, the timing of 4 to 7 days after stroke onset can be considered as better for predicting functional outcome.

scholarly journals Structural and functional brain asymmetries in the early phases of life: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Bisiacchi ◽  
Elisa Cainelli
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Cerebral Asymmetries ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

AbstractAsymmetry characterizes the brain in both structure and function. Anatomical asymmetries explain only a fraction of functional variability in lateralization, with structural and functional asymmetries developing at different periods of life and in different ways. In this work, we perform a scoping review of the cerebral asymmetries in the first brain development phases. We included all English-written studies providing direct evidence of hemispheric asymmetries in full-term neonates, foetuses, and premature infants, both at term post-conception and before. The final analysis included 57 studies. The reviewed literature shows large variability in the used techniques and methodological procedures. Most structural studies investigated the temporal lobe, showing a temporal planum more pronounced on the left than on the right (although not all data agree), a morphological asymmetry already present from the 29th week of gestation. Other brain structures have been poorly investigated, and the results are even more discordant. Unlike data on structural asymmetries, functional data agree with each other, identifying a leftward dominance for speech stimuli and an overall dominance of the right hemisphere in all other functional conditions. This generalized dominance of the right hemisphere for all conditions (except linguistic stimuli) is in line with theories stating that the right hemisphere develops earlier and that its development is less subject to external influences because it sustains functions necessary to survive.

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