Emoticons in informal text communication: a new window on bilingual alignment

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURIE BETH FELDMAN ◽  
CECILIA R. ARAGON ◽  
NAN-CHEN CHEN ◽  
JUDITH F. KROLL
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Bilingual Alignment ◽  
Nonverbal Aspect ◽  
Over Time

The study of emoticon use in text communication is in its early stages (Aragon, Feldman, Chen & Kroll, 2014), with even less known about how emoticons function in multilingual environments. We describe a preliminary longitudinal analysis of text communication in an online bilingual scientific work environment and demonstrate how patterns of emoticon use constitute a novel yet systematic nonverbal aspect of communication. Specifically, coordination over bilingual speakers entails reductions in emoticon diversity over time that are greater for those who communicate in their L2 than in their L1. An analogous but weaker pattern is evident for lexical diversity in L2 but not L1. We hypothesize that reductions in emoticon diversity in the L2 are likely to reflect social contributions to alignment rather than purely proficiency.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on Employees’ Experiences of a Support model for Systematic Work Environment Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Hellman ◽  
Fredrik Molin ◽  
Magnus Svartengren
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Work Groups ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Support Model

Background: The aim is to explore how an organisational work environment support model, the Stamina model, influences employees’ work situations and the development of sustainable work systems. Methods: It was a qualitative study with semi-structured, focus-group interviews, including 45 employees from six work groups. Eighteen focus group interviews were conducted over a period of two years. Data were analysed with constant comparative method. Results: The core category, shifting focus from an individual to an organisational perspective of work, illustrated how communication and increased understanding of one’s work tasks changed over time and contributed to deeper focus on the actual operation. These insights were implemented at different time points among the work groups during the two-year process. Conclusions: Our results indicate that working with the model engages employees in the work environment management, puts emphasis on reflections and discussions about the meaning and purpose of the operations and enables a shared platform for communication. These are important features that need to continue over time in order to create a sustainable work system. The Stamina model, thus seems to have the potential to promote productive and healthy work places.

scholarly journals THE N.A. GOLOVKINSKY’S FUNDAMENTAL FACIAL LAW — PROBLEMATICS AND NEW HORIZONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
V. P. ALEKSEEV ◽  
E. O. AMON
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
World View ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Seismic Stratigraphy ◽  
The West ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Law ◽  
Over Time

Famous Russian geologist N.A. Golovkinsky published 150 years ago an important scientific work, where the phenomenon of lateral  displacement (movement) of homogeneous lithological layers  («slide» over time) was asserted. This created the most significant  prerequisites for the fundamental facial law: the layers, lying nearby,  were formed in the same sequence vertically. The law was  formulated a little later by A.A. Inostrantsev, and later  «rediscovered» by J. Wal- ter. The ideas, developed by N.A.  Golovkinsky, subsequently found the application in the study of  geological cyclicity, and currently in the booming seismic  stratigraphy. The creative improvement and continuation of  theoretical positions  contained in the Golovkinsky’s work allowed to  advance a method of facially-cyclic analysis, which has been  success- fully used in the study of many coal-bearing strata, and is  currently used for coal-free deposits of the West Siberian oil and gas  basin. Methodically, they develop an understanding of causality and  correspond to the principles of synergetic world-view. The main  content of these ideas remains relevant in the light of new realities  of cognitive process (nonlin-ear science, endovision).

Risk Factors Responsible for Ultrafiltration Failure in Early Stages of Peritoneal Dialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Selgas ◽  
M.-Auxiliadora Bajo ◽  
M.-José Castro ◽  
Gloria Del Peso ◽  
Abelardo Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Function ◽  
Over Time

Objective To define risk factors for ultrafiltration failure (UFF) during early stages of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Design Retrospective analysis of a group of patients whose peritoneal function was prospectively followed. Setting A tertiary-care public university hospital. Patients Nineteen of 90 long-term PD patients required a peritoneal resting period to recover UF capacity: 8 had this requirement before the third year on PD (early, EUFF group) and 11 had a late requirement (LUFF group). The remaining 71 patients, those with stable peritoneal function over time, constituted the control group. Main Outcome Measures Peritoneal UF capacity under standard conditions (monthly) and small solute peritoneal transport (yearly). Results None of the conditions appearing at the start of PD or during the observation period could be definitely identified as the cause of UFF. There were no differences in characteristics between the EUFF group and the other two groups, except for the higher prevalence of diabetes in the EUFF group. Residual renal function (RRF) declined in all three groups during the first 2 years, with rapid loss during the third year in the EUFF group. This rapid loss in RRF was coincident with UFF. Peritoneal solute and water transport at baseline was similar in the three groups. After 2 years on PD, individuals in the EUFF group showed a significantly lower UF and higher creatinine mass transfer coefficient values than those in the LUFF group. Diabetic patients in the control group showed remarkable stability in UF capacity over time. During the second year on PD, requirement for increases in dialysate glucose concentration was 3.4 ± 0.5% in the LUFF group, but as high as 25.5 ± 24.2% in the EUFF group. The accumulated days of active peritonitis (APID, days with cloudy effluent) were similar for the three groups after 1, 2, and 3 years on PD. Interestingly, diabetic patients in the control group showed an APID index significantly lower than the overall EUFF group. Diabetics in the control group also had significantly lower APID versus nondiabetics in the control group ( p = 0.016). Conclusions Our findings suggest that certain patients develop early UFF type I. Diabetic state and a higher glucose requirement to obtain adequate UF suggest that glucose on both sides of the peritoneal membrane could be responsible. The mechanisms for this higher requirement remain to be elucidated. The identification of a larger cohort of these early UFF patients should lead to a better exploration of the primary pathogenic mechanisms.

Time Series

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Jean-Frédéric Morin ◽  
Christian Olsson ◽  
Ece Özlem Atikcan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Patterns Of Recurrence ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on time series analysis, a statistical method of longitudinal analysis which is suitable if researchers are interested in the temporality of social phenomena and want to analyse social change and patterns of recurrence over time. In contrast to other statistical methods of longitudinal analysis, time series analysis can be applied even if researchers have only a few cases (maybe even only one) and only a few (maybe even only one) variables. Time series can be built for any level of analysis, as cases can be persons, but are usually organizations or countries. In order to build a time series, the variables need to have been measured several times over a given period, and for each measurement one needs to know the measurement date. There are different goals when doing time series analysis, which can be used in descriptive, explanatory, and interpretive approaches.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis reveals transition barriers between dominant ecological states in the gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (24) ◽  
pp. 13839-13845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roie Levy ◽  
Andrew T. Magis ◽  
John C. Earls ◽  
Ohad Manor ◽  
Tomasz Wilmanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Over Time

The Pioneer 100 Wellness Project involved quantitatively profiling 108 participants’ molecular physiology over time, including genomes, gut microbiomes, blood metabolomes, blood proteomes, clinical chemistries, and data from wearable devices. Here, we present a longitudinal analysis focused specifically around the Pioneer 100 gut microbiomes. We distinguished a subpopulation of individuals with reduced gut diversity, elevated relative abundance of the genusPrevotella, and reduced levels of the genusBacteroides. We found that the relative abundances ofBacteroidesandPrevotellawere significantly correlated with certain serum metabolites, including omega-6 fatty acids. Primary dimensions in distance-based redundancy analysis of clinical chemistries explained 18.5% of the variance in bacterial community composition, and revealed aBacteroides/Prevotelladichotomy aligned with inflammation and dietary markers. Finally, longitudinal analysis of gut microbiome dynamics within individuals showed that direct transitions betweenBacteroides-dominated andPrevotella-dominated communities were rare, suggesting the presence of a barrier between these states. One implication is that interventions seeking to transition betweenBacteroides- andPrevotella-dominated communities will need to identify permissible paths through ecological state-space that circumvent this apparent barrier.

scholarly journals A cross-linguistic and bilingual evaluation of the interdependence between lexical and grammatical domains

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA SIMON-CEREIJIDO ◽  
VERA F. GUTIÉRREZ-CLELLEN
Keyword(s):  
Latino Children ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Bilingual Learners ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine within- and across-language relationships between lexical and grammatical domains by focusing on measures of lexical diversity and grammatical complexity in Spanish and English. One hundred ninety-six preschool and school-aged Latino children with different levels of English and Spanish proficiencies and different language abilities produced narratives in Spanish, English, or both. Analyses revealed strong associations between lexical (number of different words and number of different verbs) and grammatical measures (mean length of utterances in words and use of ditransitive predicates), supporting the domain interdependence hypothesis within a language. Cross-linguistic comparisons indicate a greater diversity of verbs and ditransitive predicates in Spanish compared to English for this population. In the language samples of children who produced narratives in the two languages, there was no relationship between the two domains across languages. The lack of cross-language correlations may be related to other variables influencing lexical and semantic development in bilingual learners. Methodological issues to be considered in future studies with bilingual speakers are discussed.

Predicting Response Speed in Mail Surveys

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Huxley
Keyword(s):  
Response Speed ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Over Time

All mail surveys encounter resistance when they arrive at their destination because they must compete with all other elements in the respondent's environment for his or her time and cooperation. This resistance varies in degree from survey to survey but the pattern of responses it generates over time is remarkably consistent for all surveys: relatively rapid returns in the early stages followed by a gradual tapering off. This pattern can be described by a simple mathematical function, the modified exponential, which relates response rates to elapsed time. The purpose of this article is to indicate how the parameters of this function can be estimated, and how it can be used to predict response speed, forecast the time needed to achieve a desired number of responses, or estimate the number of questionnaires that ought to be mailed out initially.

scholarly journals Dimensionality of Early Writing in English and Spanish

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-292
Author(s):  
Naymé Salas ◽  
Markéta Caravolas
Keyword(s):  
Writing Development ◽  
Early Writing ◽  
Text Generation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
English Orthography ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Early Text ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Orthographic Consistency ◽  
Over Time

Writing development is understood to be a multidimensional task, heavily constrained by spelling in its early stages. However, most available evidence comes from studies with learners of the inconsistent English orthography, so our understanding of the nature of early writing could be highly biased. We explored writing dimensions in each language by assessing a series of text-based features in children’s texts between mid-Grade 1 to mid-Grade 2. Results revealed that two constructs, writing conventions and productivity, emerged in both languages, but the influence of orthographic consistency started to be evident in the later time points. Other constructs of text generation seemed to emerge later and were less stable over time. The article thus highlights the language-general underpinnings of early text-writing development and the impact of orthographic consistency; furthermore, it strengthens the view that some writing components develop before others. We discuss implications for the assessment of early written products.

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