scholarly journals Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Zambrana ◽  
Starin McKeen ◽  
Hend Ibrahim ◽  
Iman Zarei ◽  
Erica C. Borresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens and diarrhea, and warrants attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children. EED is a subclinical condition associated with stunting due to impaired nutrient absorption. This study investigated the effects of rice bran supplementation on weight for age and length for age z-scores (WAZ, LAZ), EED stool biomarkers, as well as microbiota and metabolome signatures in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old that reside in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control (no intervention) or a rice bran group that received daily supplementation with increasing doses at each month (1–5 g/day). Stool microbiota were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible to support changes in LAZ from 6–8 and 8–12 months of age in Nicaragua and Mali infants when compared to control. WAZ was significantly improved only for Mali infants at 8 and 12 months. Mali and Nicaraguan infants showed major differences in the overall gut microbiota and metabolome composition and structure at baseline, and thus each country cohort demonstrated distinct microbial and metabolite profile responses to rice bran supplementation when compared to control. Rice bran is a practical dietary intervention strategy that merits development in rice-growing regions that have a high prevalence of growth stunting due to malnutrition and diarrheal diseases. Rice is grown as a staple food, and the bran is used as animal feed or wasted in many low- and middle-income countries where EED and stunting is prevalent.

scholarly journals Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Zambrana ◽  
Starin McKeen ◽  
Hend Ibrahim ◽  
Iman Zarei ◽  
Erica C. Borresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction

AbstractRice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens in mice and diarrhea in neonatal pigs, and warranted attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children at risk. EED is a condition that drives childhood stunting via intestinal dysbiosis and impaired nutrient metabolism. This study investigated effects of rice bran supplementation on growth, EED biomarkers, gut microbiome and metabolome in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control group or rice bran group that received daily supplementation at increasing doses each month. Stool microbiomes were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible for infant growth, decreasing alpha-1 antitrypsin levels, and modulating gut microbiome and metabolome when compared to control. Rice bran merits investigation as a practical intervention strategy that could decrease EED prevalence and risk for children from low- and middle-income countries where rice is grown as a staple food, and bran is used as animal feed or wasted.One Sentence SummaryDietary rice bran supplementation during infant weaning from 6-12 months of age improved growth outcomes, modulated environmental enteric dysfunction biomarkers, and supported metabolism by the gut microbiome.The authors declare no competing financial or non financial interests to disclose as defined by Nature Research. There are also no other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Dr. Elizabeth Ryan ([email protected]).

scholarly journals Vitamin and mineral analysis of fish liver oil, some locally available spices and vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
S. A. Bolu ◽  
O. O. Balogun ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
B Complex Vitamins

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the vitamin and mineral contents of some locally sourced ingredients such as fish liver oil, Adansonia digitata, Telfaria occidentalis, Celosia spp, Amaranthus cruentas leaves, Xylopia aetiopica, capsicum frutenscen, Saccharomyces cerevicae, rice bran, palm oil and colostrums. The results indicated that fish liver oil was the most potent source of vitamins A, D, E and B12 represented by 9x10 6 iu/100g, 48000icu/100g, 30mg/100g, and 40.5mg/100g, respectively. The B-Complex vitamins were present among the spices and vegetables analyzed. Saccharomyces cerevicae was observed to a potent source of thiamin (9.4mg /100g) and niacin (41.8 mg / 100g). Capsicum spp and Telfaria occidentalis had ample amounts of riboflavin, thiamin and niacin. Rice bran had the highest amount of pyridoxine, 28.6mg/100g, while panthothenate was present more in the milk (8.2mg/100g) than other materials analysed. The mineral composition of the materials analysed showed that they have fairly uniform potency. Amaranthus cruentas was found to contain more mineral with 3.0, 1.4, 5.13, 1.10, 5.04 and 1.09% for copper (cu), Zinc (Zn), potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (ca), and magnesium (mg), respectively. The results of the analysis indicated that vitamin and mineral potencies of these ingredients can be harnessed for the production of vitamin and mineral premix for animal feed formulation

scholarly journals Fate and mass loading of antibiotics in hospital and domestic wastewater treatment plants in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donwichai Sinthuchai ◽  
Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon ◽  
Pitchaya Piyaviriyakul ◽  
Narin Boontanon ◽  
Ranjna Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment, especially in low- to middle-income countries. This study investigated the occurrence, relative abundance, and fate of eight antibiotics at each treatment stage in four domestic and four hospital wastewater treatment plants (dWWTPs and hWWTPs, respectively), as well as mass loadings into the receiving water environments in Bangkok, Thailand. Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Antibiotic concentrations were higher in hWWTPs than dWWTPs; approximately 60 times for influents and 10 times for effluents. Ciprofloxacin concentration increased in most dWWTPs, especially in the aeration unit and return sludge, suggesting that it predominantly occurred in the solid phase. Sulfamethoxazole predominantly occurred in the dissolved form, which is more difficult to degrade, and exhibited high concentrations in effluent. Moreover, antibiotic pollutant loadings were approximately 30–3,530 times higher from dWWTPs than from hWWTPs due to higher daily discharges from the domestic sector. These plants are a major point source of antibiotic residue release to aquatic environments; thus, their efficiency should be improved by incorporating advanced treatment processes to ensure effective removal of antibiotics.

Isolation and characterisation of enzymatic zearalenone hydrolysis reaction products

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vekiru ◽  
S. Fruhauf ◽  
C. Hametner ◽  
G. Schatzmayr ◽  
R. Krska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
His Tag ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Unstable Intermediate ◽  
Primary Reaction Product

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, and it frequently contaminates cereals used for food or animal feed. A ZEA-lactonase of Gliocladium roseum was previously described to hydrolyse ZEA to an unstable intermediate, which spontaneously decarboxylates to non-oestrogenic, decarboxylated hydrolysed ZEA (DHZEN). We expressed a codon-optimised version of the ZEA-lactonase (ZHD101) gene of G. roseum MA 918 with a secretion leader in Pichia pastoris and purified the recombinant enzyme from culture supernatant by His-tag mediated affinity chromatography. After incubation of the enzyme with ZEA, we detected the previously elusive primary reaction product hydrolysed ZEA (HZEN) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, purified it by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and confirmed its postulated structure ((E)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-undecen-1-yl)benzoic acid) by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Spontaneous decarboxylation to DHZEN ((E)-1-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-10-hydroxy-1-undecen-6-one), but not to a previously reported isomer, was observed. Biomass resuspensions of G. roseum strains MA 918 and the strains used for previous work, NBRC 7063 and ATCC 8684, all converted ZEA to HZEN, DHZEN, and further unknown metabolites. We studied partitioning of HZEN and DHZEN between aqueous phases and organic solvents, and found that HZEN did not partition into chloroform as extraction solvent, under the conditions used by previous authors. In contrast, extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 2.0 was suitable for simultaneous extraction of HZEN and DHZEN. The detection of HZEN and its availability as an analytical standard may assist further work towards possible application of ZEA-lactonase (e.g. determining kinetic parameters) for detoxification of ZEA.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Deoxynivalenol by Nocardioides sp. ZHH-013: 3-keto-Deoxynivalenol and 3-epi-Deoxynivalenol as Intermediate Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghai Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Xing Qin ◽  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Level 3

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most devastating and notorious contaminants in food and animal feed worldwide. A novel DON-degrading strain, Nocardioides sp. ZHH-013, which exhibited complete mineralization of DON, was isolated from soil samples. The intermediate products of DON generated by this strain were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. It was shown that, on an experimental level, 3-keto-DON was a necessary intermediate product during the conversion from DON to 3-epi-DON. Furthermore, the ZHH-013 strain could also utilize 3-epi-DON. This DON degradation pathway is a safety concern for food and feed. The mechanism of DON and 3-epi-DON elimination will be further studied, so that new enzymes for DON degradation can be identified.

scholarly journals Circulating Structurally Related (-)-Epicatechin Metabolite Species and Levels after Sustained Intake of a Cocoa Powder High in Polyphenols Are Comparable to Those Achieved after a Single Dose

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3829
Author(s):  
Paloma K. Barrera-Reyes ◽  
Josué Cortés-Fernández de Lara ◽  
Laure Poquet ◽  
Karine Redeuil ◽  
Martin Kussmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Individual

Background: While the bioavailability of cocoa polyphenols, particularly of the monomer (-)-epicatechin, has been investigated after a single-dose intake, the effect of sustained cocoa consumption on the metabolic profile of the structurally related (-)-epicatechin metabolites (SREMs) has not been investigated. Methods: A randomized, controlled crossover clinical trial in healthy young adults (18–40 year) was conducted to evaluate SREMs after consumption of a single-dose and after daily consumption of 1.3 g of polyphenol-rich cocoa powder for 28 days. The circulating SREMs were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results: Twenty subjects (eleven males and nine females) were enrolled. The SREMs concentrations increased to 1741 ± 337 nM after a single-dose and to 1445 ± 270 nM after sustained supplementation. Sulfate conjugates showed higher levels in females (p < 0.05). The epicatechin-3′-glucuronide (E3′G) and epicatechin-3′-sulfate (E3′S) were the most abundant metabolites in all subjects. A high intra-individual correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) between SREMs concentrations after single-dose and sustained supplementation was observed. The antioxidant capacity of plasma did not change in response to the intervention and was not correlated with any of the SREMs. Conclusion: The individual SREMs profile and concentrations after a 28-day supplementation are comparable to those after a single dose.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with AFB1 and AFB2 on performance and aflatoxin residues in broilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yang ◽  
F. Bai ◽  
K. Zhang ◽  
X. Lv ◽  
S. Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Low Levels

&nbsp;AFB<sub>1</sub> is the most abundant aflatoxin in food and animal feed, generally occurring along with low levels of other aflatoxins. In this experiment, broilers were administered corn that was naturally contaminated with AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFB<sub>2</sub>. We found that the broilers were more sensitive during the starter period and had a poor performance during the grower period. In addition, the broilers showed a significant reduction in feed intake when consuming material contaminated with 134.0 and 23.6 &micro;g/kg of AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFB<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Our results also demonstrate that villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth significantly decreased when the broilers were fed daily with diets contaminated with AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFB<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, AFB<sub>1</sub> residues in livers and breast muscles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) at levels of 0.137 and 0.016 &micro;g/kg, respectively. The AFM<sub>1</sub> residue was also detected in livers at a level of 0.051 &micro;g/kg but it was not detectable in breast muscles.

scholarly journals Heat-stabilised rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors modulates stool metabolite profiles and metabolic networks: a randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1244-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin G. Brown ◽  
Erica C. Borresen ◽  
Regina J. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth P. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractRice bran (RB) consumption has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in mice and modify the human stool microbiome. Changes in host and microbial metabolism induced by RB consumption was hypothesised to modulate the stool metabolite profile in favour of promoting gut health and inhibiting CRC growth. The objective was to integrate gut microbial metabolite profiles and identify metabolic pathway networks for CRC chemoprevention using non-targeted metabolomics. In all, nineteen CRC survivors participated in a parallel randomised controlled dietary intervention trial that included daily consumption of study-provided foods with heat-stabilised RB (30 g/d) or no additional ingredient (control). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks and analysed using GC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS. Stool metabolomics revealed 93 significantly different metabolites in individuals consuming RB. A 264-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine and 18-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovalerate exemplified changes in leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism in the RB group. A total of thirty-nine stool metabolites were significantly different between RB and control groups, including increased hesperidin (28-fold) and narirutin (14-fold). Metabolic pathways impacted in the RB group over time included advanced glycation end products, steroids and bile acids. Fatty acid, leucine/valine and vitamin B6metabolic pathways were increased in RB compared with control. There were 453 metabolites identified in the RB food metabolome, thirty-nine of which were identified in stool from RB consumers. RB consumption favourably modulated the stool metabolome of CRC survivors and these findings suggest the need for continued dietary CRC chemoprevention efforts.

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