scholarly journals Absorption of α-tocopheryl acetate is limited in mink kits (Mustela vison) during weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Lashkari ◽  
Tove N. Clausen ◽  
Leslie Foldager ◽  
Søren K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ester Bond ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mink Kits ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractBioavailability of α-tocopherol varies with source, dose and duration of supplementation. The effect of source and dose of α-tocopherol on response of α-tocopherol stereoisomers in plasma and tissues of mink kits during the weaning period was studied. Twelve mink kits were euthanised in CO2 at the beginning of the experiment, and 156 mink kits (12 replicates per treatment group) were randomly assigned to thirteen treatment groups: no added α-tocopherol in the feed (0 dose) or four different doses (50, 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg of diet) of RRR-α-tocopherol (ALC), RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate (ACT) or all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (SYN). Six mink kits per treatment group were euthanised 3 weeks after initiation of the experiment, and the remaining six were euthanised 6 weeks after initiation of the experiment. The RRR-α-tocopherol content in plasma, liver, heart and lungs was affected by interaction between source and dose (P < 0.01 for all). The highest RRR-α-tocopherol content in plasma (13.6 µg/ml; LS-means for source across dose and week), liver (13.6 µg/mg), heart (7.6 µg/mg) and lungs (9.8 µg/mg) was observed in mink kits fed ALC. The RRR-α-tocopherol content in plasma and tissues depended on source and dose interaction and increased linearly with supplementation. In conclusion, the interaction between source and dose reveals a limitation in hydrolysis of ester bond in α-tocopheryl acetate in mink kits around weaning as the likely causative explanation for the higher response of ALC at the highest doses. Thus, considerable attention has to be paid to the source of α-tocopherol during weaning of mink kits fed a high dose of α-tocopherol.

scholarly journals Relaxation Acupressure Reduces Persistent Cancer-Related Fatigue

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna M. Zick ◽  
Sara Alrawi ◽  
Gary Merel ◽  
Brodie Burris ◽  
Ananda Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Brief Fatigue Inventory ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Different Doses

Persistent cancer-related fatigue (PCRF) is a symptom experienced by many cancer survivors. Acupressure offers a potential treatment for PCRF. We investigated if acupressure treatments with opposing actions would result in differential effects on fatigue and examined the effect of different “doses” of acupressure on fatigue. We performed a trial of acupressure in cancer survivors experiencing moderate to severe PCRF. Participants were randomized to one of three treatment groups: relaxation acupressure (RA), high-dose stimulatory acupressure (HIS), and low-dose stimulatory acupressure (LIS). Participants performed acupressure for 12-weeks. Change in fatigue as measured by the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) was our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were assessment of blinding and compliance to treatment. Fatigue was significantly reduced across all treatment groups (mean ± SD reduction in BFI: RA4.0±1.5, HIS2.2±1.6, LIS2.7±2.2), with significantly greater reductions in the RA group. In an adjusted analysis, RA resulted in significantly less fatigue after controlling for age, cancer type, cancer stage, and cancer treatments. Self-administered RA caused greater reductions in fatigue compared to either HIS or LIS. The magnitude of the reduction in fatigue was clinically relevant and could represent a viable alternative for cancer survivors with PCRF.

scholarly journals Induction of Cross-reactive Hemagglutination Inhibiting Antibody and Polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell Responses by a Recombinant Matrix-M-Adjuvanted Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Shinde ◽  
Rongman Cai ◽  
Joyce Plested ◽  
Iksung Cho ◽  
Jamie Fiske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Recombinant Hemagglutinin ◽  
Different Doses

Background. Recurrent reports of suboptimal influenza vaccine effectiveness have renewed calls to develop improved, broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel, saponin (Matrix-M)-adjuvanted, recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) quadrivalent nanoparticle influenza vaccine (qNIV). Methods. We conducted a randomized, observer-blind, comparator-controlled (trivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV3-HD], or quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV4]), safety and immunogenicity trial of qNIV (in 5 different doses/formulations) in healthy adults aged ≥65 years. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured by hemagglutination-inhibition assays using reagents expressing wild-type HA sequences (wt-HAI) and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. Results. A total of 1375 participants were randomized, immunized, and followed for safety and immunogenicity. Matrix-M-adjuvanted qNIV induced superior wt-HAI antibody responses against 5 of 6 homologous or drifted strains evaluated compared to unadjuvanted qNIV. Adjuvanted qNIV induced post-vaccination wt-HAI antibody responses at Day 28 that were: statistically higher than IIV3-HD against a panel of homologous or drifted A/H3N2 strains; similar to IIV3-HD against homologous A/H1N1 and B (Victoria) strains; and similar to RIV4 against all homologous and drifted strains evaluated. The qNIV formulation with 75 μg Matrix-M adjuvant induced substantially higher post-vaccination geometric mean fold-increases of influenza HA-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells compared to IIV3-HD or RIV4. Overall, similar frequencies of solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were reported in all treatment groups. Conclusions. qNIV with 75 μg Matrix-M adjuvant was well tolerated and induced robust antibody and cellular responses, notably against both homologous and drifted A/H3N2 viruses. Further investigation in a pivotal phase 3 trial is underway.

scholarly journals MORTALITAS DAN RESORPSI FETUS MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TANAMAN SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida (L.,) Kunth.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Hendri Busman ◽  
Nuning Nurcahyani ◽  
Yosi Dwi Saputra ◽  
Salman Farisi ◽  
Qotrunnada Salsabila
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Different Doses

Tanaman Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.,) Kunth.) merupakan tanaman obat yang memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid. Berbagai senyawa kimia tersebut yang berpotensi sebagai obat tetapi perlu diperhatikan kemungkinan adanya efek samping terhadap organisme khususnya pada masa kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek teratogenik ekstrak tanaman suruhan terhadap fetus mencit (Mus musculus L.), meliputi mortalitas dan resorpsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan  20 ekor mencit betina dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok yaitu: K(+) (Aquabides), P1 diberi ekstrak tanaman suruhan dengan dosis (1,68 mg/g bb), P2 (3,36 mg/g bb), dan P3 (6,72 mg/g bb). Hasil penelitian terhadap persentase fetus yang mengalami mortalitas dan resorpsi fetus antara kontrol K(+) dan perlakuan dengan ekstrak etanol suruhan (P1, P2, dan P3) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik berdasarkan uji ANOVA satu faktor (p value 0,418). Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol tanaman suruhan tidak menyebabkan mortalitas pada fetus mencit, namun menyebabkan resorpsi pada fetus mencit pada pemberian dosis sebesar 1,62 mg/g BB, 3,36 mg/g BB, dan 6,72 mg/g BB.   Pepper elder (Peperomia pellucida (L.,) Kunth.) is a medicinal plant that has secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The side effects for organisms of those chemical compounds, which are potentially beneficial for their medicinal use, still need to be considered especially in pregnancy. This study aims to determine the teratogenic effects of pepper elder extract on mortality and resorption of mice (Mus musculus L.) fetus. This study uses total random sampling design with 4 treatments consisting of 20 female mice divided into 4 groups: the control group (K(+)) which is given Aqua distillation and the treatment groups which are all given the pepper elder extract with different doses, where the first treatment group (P1) is given 1.68 mg/g body weight of the extract, the second treatment group (P2) is given 3.36 mg/g body weight of the extract, and the third treatment group (P3) is given 6.72 mg/g body weight of the extract. The results obtained of mortality and resorption percentage of mice fetus between the control group (K(+)) and the treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) showed that there is no statistically meaningful difference based on one-way ANOVA test (p value 0,418). This study showed that ethanol extract of pepper elder causes no mortality in mice fetus, yet it causes resorption on mice fetus at given doses of 1,62 mg/g body weight, 3,36 mg/g body weight, dan 6,72 mg/g body weight.

The toxicological effects of bisphenol A and octylphenol on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müfide Aydoğan Ahbab ◽  
Nurhayat Barlas ◽  
Gözde Karabulut
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the individual adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and octylphenol (OP) on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats. Rats were exposed to BPA and OP at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg/day, by gavage, for 90 days. At the end of the study, the testes, epididymis, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle were removed and examined histopathologically. Also, 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expressions were analyzed and serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured. Sperm head count of caput epididymis was performed using a hemocytometer. Seminiferous and epididymal round tubules were evaluated for tubule diameter, lumen diameter, and height of tubule epithelium. There were significant increases in relative testes weights in BPA125, OP125, and OP250 groups compared with the control. Atrophic tubules, pyknotic tubules, combined tubules, congestion, vacuolization of Sertoli cell, cell debris in the lumen, tubules without sperm, and degeneration of tubules were noted in the tissue specimens obtained from the treatment groups compared with the control group. Sperm head counts were decreased in all treatment groups except for the low-dose BPA group. Testosterone (T) levels decreased in the BPA and high-dose OP treatment groups. LH levels increased in BPA treatment groups and the low-dose OP treatment group and decreased in the high-dose OP group. Epithelial height of high-dose BPA and OP treatment groups increased compared with the control group. Furthermore tubular height of low-dose BPA and high-dose OP groups increased with respect to control levels. In the OP250 treatment group, thyroxine hormone level was increased compared to other groups. Also, in the OP125 treatment group, triiodothyronine hormone level was increased compared with other groups. The results of this study showed that BPA and OP affect the steroidogenic enzyme expression and T production in Leydig cells. In conclusion, BPA and OP have adverse effects on the male reproductive system of prepubertal rats.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

TERATOGENIK EKSTRAK ETANOL UWI BANGGAI UNGU (Dioscorea alata L.) PADA MENCIT BETINA (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Ihwan Ihwan ◽  
◽  
Rahmatia Rahmatia ◽  
Khildah Khaerati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Birth Defect ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Teratogenic is an abnormal development on embryo and is the cause of congenital defect or birth defect. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of Dioscorea alata L. ethanol extracts to the embryo development on pregnant mice whose given orally to 24 mice which divided to 4 treatment groups, they are the normal group (NG) with NaCMC 0.5%; 28 mg/KgBB treatment group; 35 mg/KgBB; 42 mg/Kg BB. The addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts was done on the sixth day until the 15th day of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, Laparaktomi was done to the pregnant mice and the embryo was taken out of the uterus. The observation was done to the fetus numbers, weight weighing of the fetus's body, dan length measurement of the fetus's body. Another observation is the observation of the external organ defect of the embryo. The study results that the addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts with various doses have no significant effect (P>0.5) to the mice external fetus development. On the examination of the fetus, we can conclude that Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts don’t give any effect that may cause the defect of the fetus’ external organ.

HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ACETAMIPRID TOXICITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Fefar ◽  
Ankita N. Brahmbhatt ◽  
B.P. Joshi ◽  
D.J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Albino Mice

A study was conducted on 5 weeks old 64 (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the haemato-biochemical and immunological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided into eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20, 10, 5 mg/kg body weight in males(Group III, V, VII) and females (Group IV, VI,VIII),respectively for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose groups and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT was observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin and increase in BUN in high and mid dose treated groups, irrespective of sex of mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at dose level of 10 mg/kg/day. The mice of high dose group revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at dose level of 20 mg/kg/day.

scholarly journals Differences in the Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injection and Orally Administered Antipsychotics in Reducing Rehospitalization among Patients with Schizophrenia Receiving Home Care Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Fen Hsu ◽  
Chia-Chan Kao ◽  
Ti Lu ◽  
Jeremy C. Ying ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Rehospitalization Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Rehospitalization ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Long Acting

The current study explored the differences in the effectiveness of first and second generation long-acting injections and orally administered antipsychotics in reducing the rehospitalization rate among patients with schizophrenia receiving home care services in a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Longitudinal data between 1 January 2006, and 31 December 2015, were collected retrospectively. Patients were classified into three treatment groups: First generation antipsychotic (FGA) long-acting injection (LAI), second generation antipsychotic long-acting injection (SGA) (LAI), and oral antipsychotics. The primary outcomes were the rehospitalization rate and the follow-up time (duration of receiving home care services) until psychiatric rehospitalization. A total of 78 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The average observation time was about 40 months. The oral treatment group tended to be older with a higher number of female patients and a lower level of education. The FGA treatment group tended to have a higher frequency and duration of hospitalization before receiving home care services. We found no significant differences in the follow-up time or psychiatric rehospitalization rate after receiving home care services among the three treatment groups. We propose that oral and LAI antipsychotics were equally effective when patients received home care services. Our results can serve as a reference for the choice of treatment for patients with schizophrenia in a home care program.

Effects of Buserelin on day of service or 12 days post service on farrowing rate and litter size to first service in outdoor sows and gilts

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
A.R. Peters ◽  
L.A. Dwyer ◽  
A. Dawson ◽  
P.A. Canham ◽  
J.D. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prolonged Weaning ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Buserelin Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Infertility ◽  
Farrowing Rate

The problem of seasonal infertility in pigs has been recognised for many years. The infertility complex can may be manifested by increased returns to service, prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals and decreased litter size. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Buserelin treatment on fertility in sows and gilts during the seasonally infertile period.A total of 1231 mixed parity sows and gilts from five outdoor herds in East Anglia were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Any sows not presented for service at first post weaning oestrus were excluded. All sows and gilts judged to be in adequate health and condition to be kept in a commercial breeding herd were included. Group C sows and gilts were given no treatment. Group R1 sows and gilts were injected i.m. with 8μg Buserelin (2.0ml Receptal; Hoechst Roussel Vet UK Ltd) on the day of service.

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