scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with inosine-5′-monophosphate improves the functional, energetic, and antioxidant status of liver and muscle growth in pigs

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas P. Bonagurio ◽  
Alice E. Murakami ◽  
Camila A. Moreira ◽  
Jurandir F. Comar ◽  
Paulo C. Pozza
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nucleotide Biosynthesis ◽  
Impaired Metabolism ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Liver Lipid Peroxidation

AbstractInosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-IMP) is an essential nucleotide for de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and metabolism of energy, proteins, and antioxidants. Nucleotides are conditionally essential, as they cannot be produced sufficiently rapidly to meet the needs of the body in situations of oxidative stress or rapid muscle growth. A deficient intake of nucleotides can result in decreased ATP and GTP synthesis and impaired metabolism. We demonstrated that supplementation of finishing pig diets with 5′-IMP reduces the relative weight of the liver, and increases oxygen consumption during mitochondrial respiration without changing the ADP/O ratio, indicating an increase in the respiratory efficiency of liver mitochondria. We also observed a reduction in liver lipid peroxidation and an increase in muscle creatine. Moreover, 5′IMP supplementation increases slaughter weight, lean meat yield, sarcomere length, and backfat thickness in finishing barrows, demonstrating influence on protein metabolism. We suggest that 5′-IMP supplementation increase the mitochondrial respiratory capacity when the liver metabolic activity is stimulated, enhances antioxidant defense, and promotes muscle growth in finishing barrows.

The protective effect of Nigella Sativa oil extract against neurotoxicity induced by Valproic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 5474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Mahmoud Morsy ◽  
Ghada Mohamed Safwat ◽  
Doaa Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Reem Mohamed Samy
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Liver Lipid Peroxidation

Nigella sativa (NS), commonly known as black cumin, has been used for medicinal purposes. Traditionally the seeds and its oil are used in several diseases. The greatest part of the remedial properties of this plant is due to the presence of thymoquinone (TQ) which is a major active chemical component of the essential oil. The current study performed to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa Oil (NSO) extract on the neurotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials from Valproic acid (VPA) administration. Also we summarize recent findings emphasizing the role of main neurotoxic and hepatotoxic markers and oxidative stress in study’s case. Neurotoxicity was induced by VPA at dose of (500 mg/kg b.wt) by gastric intubation daily for 30 day. These rats received NSO extract was given orally at dose of (0.5 ml/kg b.wt) daily for 30 days after VPA administration. The current results revealed that NSO extract treatment ameliorated significantly the elevated levels of the neurotoxic and hepatotoxic biomarkers which elevated as a result to VPA administration. Moreover, NSO extract treatment ameliorated the non-enzymatic antioxidant, brain and liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) concentration and the enzymatic antioxidant, brain and liver catalase(CAT) activity.

Asymmetric Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Brain-First versus Body-First Parkinson’s Disease Subtypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karoline Knudsen ◽  
Tatyana D. Fedorova ◽  
Jacob Horsager ◽  
Katrine B. Andersen ◽  
Casper Skjærbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Binding Ratio ◽  
Dat Spect ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Nigrostriatal Degeneration

Background: We have hypothesized that Parkinson’s disease (PD) comprises two subtypes. Brain-first, where pathogenic α-synuclein initially forms unilaterally in one hemisphere leading to asymmetric nigrostriatal degeneration, and body-first with initial enteric pathology, which spreads through overlapping vagal innervation leading to more symmetric brainstem involvement and hence more symmetric nigrostriatal degeneration. Isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder has been identified as a strong marker of the body-first type. Objective: To analyse striatal asymmetry in [18F]FDOPA PET and [123I]FP-CIT DaT SPECT data from iRBD patients, de novo PD patients with RBD (PD +RBD) and de novo PD patients without RBD (PD - RBD). These groups were defined as prodromal body-first, de novo body-first, and de novo brain-first, respectively. Methods: We included [18F]FDOPA PET scans from 21 iRBD patients, 11 de novo PD +RBD, 22 de novo PD - RBD, and 18 controls subjects. Also, [123I]FP-CIT DaT SPECT data from iRBD and de novo PD patients with unknown RBD status from the PPPMI dataset was analysed. Lowest putamen specific binding ratio and putamen asymmetry index (AI) was defined. Results: Nigrostriatal degeneration was significantly more symmetric in patients with RBD versus patients without RBD or with unknown RBD status in both FDOPA (p = 0.001) and DaT SPECT (p = 0.001) datasets. Conclusion: iRBD subjects and de novo PD +RBD patients present with significantly more symmetric nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration compared to de novo PD - RBD patients. The results support the hypothesis that body-first PD is characterized by more symmetric distribution most likely due to more symmetric propagation of pathogenic α-synuclein compared to brain-first PD.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Metzger ◽  
Dirk Dannenberger ◽  
Armin Tuchscherer ◽  
Siriluck Ponsuksili ◽  
Claudia Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets.

Lipidomics reveals perturbations in the liver lipid profile of iron overloaded mice

Metallomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxuan Ding ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Yu ◽  
Lingjun Chen ◽  
Zhonghang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Iron Storage

Abstract Iron overload is an important contributor to disease. The liver, the major site of iron storage in the body, is a key organ impacted by iron overload. While several studies have reported perturbations in liver lipids in iron overload, it is not clear, on a global scale, how individual liver lipid ions are altered. Here, we used lipidomics to study the changes in hepatic lipid ions in iron-overloaded mice. Iron overload was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100mg/kg body weight iron dextran for one week. Iron overload was verified by serum markers of iron status, liver iron quantitation, and Perls’ stain. Compared with the control group, the serum of iron-overload mice exhibited low levels of urea nitrogen and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and high concentrations of total bile acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggestive of liver injury. Moreover, iron overload disrupted liver morphology, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, caused lipid peroxidation, and led to DNA fragmentation. Iron overload altered the overall composition of lipid ions in the liver, with significant changes in over 100 unique lipid ions. Notably, iron overload selectively increased the overall abundance of glycerolipids and changed the composition of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. This study, one of the first to report iron-overload induced lipid alterations on a global lipidomics scale, provides early insight into lipid ions that may be involved in iron overload-induced pathology.

scholarly journals Morphological and morphometrical characteristics of cattle heart structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
L. P. Goralskyi ◽  
M. R. Ragulya ◽  
I. M. Sokulskyi ◽  
N. L. Kolesnik ◽  
I. Y. Goralska
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Heart Wall

The paper presents the results of macro- and microscopic structure of cattle heart on the organ-, tissue- and cell levels. The samples of the selected material (n = 5) were preserved in a 10–12 % water solution of neutral formaline with its further charging into wax. Histologic sections not more than 10 mkm were made from wax blocks by using a sliding microtome MC-2. Hematoxilin- and eosin staining of histological sections by Heydengine technique was used for studying cell morphology, carrying out morphometrical studies and for receiving review samples. Histoarchitecture of the structural parts of the heart (ventricle and auricle) and their morphometrical parameters were studied on the histological preparations using the light microscopy technique. The experimantal part of the scientific research was carried out in compliance with the requirements of “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimantal and other Scientific Purposes” (Strussburg, 1986). The cattle heart is located in a thorax between two lungs, in front of a diaphragm and shifted left. In the 3rd–4th rib region the heart adjacents to a thoracic wall. The heart apex is in the 5th rib region. The absolute weight of a cattle heart equals 2143.27 ± 38.76 g, the relative weight equals – 0.43 ± 0.006 %. The net weight of the heart without the epicardial fat equals 1926.12 ± 31.12 g. Herewith, the weight of the aortic ventricle equals 978.54 ± 19.52 g, the weight of the pulmonic ventricle equals 554.17 ± 14.21 g, the weight of both ventricles equals 1539.08 ± 49.74 g. The auricles weight was the least and equaled 397.18 ± 11.21 g. The ratio of the ventricle weight of the heart to its net weight equals 1:0.2, and the ratio of the weight of the auricle myocard to the weight of the ventricle myocard equals 1:0.26. The heart height equaled 23.08 ± 0.11 сm, width – 13.9 ± 0.18 cm and the circumference – 38.08 ± 0.9 cm. According to the analysis of such liniar measurements, the cattle heart in the animals of the experimental group is characterized as that of an enlarged- and short form. The heart wall consists of three sacs – endocardium, myocard and epicardium. The dominating weight of the heart wall is in a muscular layer (myocard), which consists of transversus stripe muscular fibers which are formed on the basis of mononuclear cells – cardiomyocytes which are interlinked into muscular fibers. According to the cytometric analysis of cardiomyocytes, their largest volume – (11225.73 ± 824.42 mkm3) is observed in the aortic ventricle, smaller – (7963.60 ± 627.09 mkm3) – in a pulmonic ventricle and the smallest – (5361.60 ± 583.91 mkm3) in the auricle cardiomyocytes. Herewith, the volumes of cardiomyocytes nuclei in an aortic ventricle (124.55 ± 7.99 mkm3 and in a pulmonuc ventricle (121.67 ± 7.02 mkm3) are nearly the same, and in the auricle cardiomyocytes the nuclei volume is significantly smaller and it equals 101.05 ± 6.04 mkm3 respectively. Such morphometrical parameters of cardiomyocytes and their nuclei are evidenced in their nuclei-cytoplasmatic ratio, which is the smallest in the cardiomyocytes of an aortic ventricle – 0.0113 ± 0.0068, somewhat larger in a pulmonic ventricle – 0.0156 ± 0.0054 and the largest – 0.0234± 0.0058 in the auricle cardiomyocytes, that is connected with the special properties of the muscular tissue of a myocard which is capable of spontaneous rythmic beatings depending on their morphofunctional load: the ventricles pump the blood from the heart to the body performing the gratest load (the aortic ventricle acts a s a pump, and the pulmonic ventricle acts as a container), the auricles receive the blood which returns to the heart from the animal body, performing somewhat smaller load.

scholarly journals Disruption of de novo purine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 leads to reduced biofilm formation and a reduction in cell size of surface-attached but not planktonic cells

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Yoshioka ◽  
Peter D Newell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Purine Biosynthesis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Purine Nucleotides ◽  
Surface Attachment ◽  
Nucleotide Biosynthesis ◽  
Mutant Cells

Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 is one of the model organisms for biofilm research. Our previous transposon mutagenesis study suggested a requirement for the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway for biofilm formation by this organism. This study was performed to verify that observation and investigate the basis for the defects in biofilm formation shown by purine biosynthesis mutants. Constructing deletion mutations in 8 genes in this pathway, we found that they all showed reductions in biofilm formation that could be partly or completely restored by nucleotide supplementation or genetic complementation. We demonstrated that, despite a reduction in biofilm formation, more viable mutant cells were recovered from the surface-attached population than from the planktonic phase under conditions of purine deprivation. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface-attached mutant cells were 25~30% shorter in length than WT, which partly explains the reduced biomass in the mutant biofilms. The laser diffraction particle analyses confirmed this finding, and further indicated that the WT biofilm cells were smaller than their planktonic counterparts. The defects in biofilm formation and reductions in cell size shown by the mutants were fully recovered upon adenine or hypoxanthine supplementation, indicating that the purine shortages caused reductions in cell size. Our results are consistent with surface attachment serving as a survival strategy during nutrient deprivation, and indicate that changes in the cell size may be a natural response of P. fluorescens to growth on a surface. Finally, cell sizes in WT biofilms became slightly smaller in the presence of exogenous adenine than in its absence. Our findings suggest that purine nucleotides or related metabolites may influence the regulation of cell size in this bacterium.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

Positioning and maintenance of embryonic body wall muscle attachments in C. elegans requires the mup-1 gene

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y. Goh ◽  
T. Bogaert
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecule ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Body Wall Muscles

As part of a general study of genes specifying a pattern of muscle attachments, we identified and genetically characterised mutants in the mup-1 gene. The body wall muscles of early stage mup-1 embryos have a wild-type myofilament pattern but may extend ectopic processes. Later in embryogenesis, some body wall muscles detach from the hypodermis. Genetic analysis suggests that mup-1 has both a maternal and a zygotic component and is not required for postembryonic muscle growth and attachment. mup-1 mutants are suppressed by mutations in several genes that encode extracellular matrix components. We propose that mup-1 may encode a cell surface/extracellular matrix molecule required both for the positioning of body wall muscle attachments in early embryogenesis and the subsequent maintenance of these attachments to the hypodermis until after cuticle synthesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document