scholarly journals Dysregulation of lncRNAs in autoimmune neuropathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Gholipour ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Jafar Mehvari Habibabadi ◽  
Naghme Nazer ◽  
Arezou Sayad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Neuropathies ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Power ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Persons

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are inflammatory neuropathies with different clinical courses but similar underlying mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might affect pathogenesis of these conditions. In the current project, we have selected HULC, PVT1, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1, LINC-ROR and DSCAM-AS1 lncRNAs to appraise their transcript levels in the circulation of CIDP and GBS cases versus controls. Expression of HULC was higher in CIDP patients compared with healthy persons (Ratio of mean expression (RME) = 7.62, SE = 0.72, P < 0.001). While expression of this lncRNA was not different between female CIDP cases and female controls, its expression was higher in male CIDP cases compared with male controls (RME = 13.50, SE = 0.98, P < 0.001). Similarly, expression of HULC was higher in total GBS cases compared with healthy persons (RME = 4.57, SE = 0.65, P < 0.001) and in male cases compared with male controls (RME = 5.48, SE = 0.82, P < 0.001). Similar pattern of expression was detected between total cases and total controls. PVT1 was up-regulated in CIDP cases compared with controls (RME = 3.04, SE = 0.51, P < 0.001) and in both male and female CIDP cases compared with sex-matched controls. Similarly, PVT1 was up-regulated in GBS cases compared with controls (RME = 2.99, SE = 0.55, P vale < 0.001) and in total patients compared with total controls (RME = 3.02, SE = 0.43, P < 0.001). Expression levels of DSCAM-AS1 and SPRY4-IT1 were higher in CIDP and GBS cases compared with healthy subjects and in both sexes compared with gender-matched healthy persons. Although LINC-ROR was up-regulated in total CIDP and total GBS cases compared with controls, in sex-based comparisons, it was only up-regulated in male CIDP cases compared with male controls (RME = 3.06, P = 0.03). Finally, expression of MEG3 was up-regulated in all subgroups of patients versus controls except for male GBS controls. SPRY4-IT could differentiate CIDP cases from controls with AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 0.63 and specificity = 0.97. AUC values of DSCAM-AS1, MEG3, HULC, PVT1 and LINC-ROR were 0.80, 0.75, 0.74, 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. In differentiation between GBS cases and controls, SPRY4-IT and DSCAM-AS1 has the AUC value of 0.8. None of lncRNAs could appropriately differentiate between CIDP and GBS cases. Combination of all lncRNAs could not significantly enhance the diagnostic power. Taken together, these lncRNAs might be involved in the development of CIDP or GBS.

scholarly journals Expression of NF-κB associated lncRNAs in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Safa ◽  
Elham Badrlou ◽  
Shahram Arsang-Jang ◽  
Arezou Sayad ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Power ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Peripheral Markers

Abstract NF-κB signaling pathway has important roles in the regulation of growth and development of nervous system. This pathway has also been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, activity of NF-κB signaling pathway is regulated by several factors including non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In the current study, we evaluated expression of nine NF-κB-related lncRNAs namely DILC, ANRIL, PACER, CHAST, ADINR, DICER1-AS1, HNF1A-AS1, H19 and NKILA as well as two mRNA coding genes namely ATG5 and CEBPA in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia compared with matched healthy subjects. Expressions of these genes were assessed by real time PCR technique. Expression of PACER was lower in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls (Posterior beta = − 0.684, P value = 0.049). On the other hand, expressions of CHAST, CEBPA, H19, HNF1A-AS1 and DICER1-AS1 were higher in patients compared with controls (Posterior beta = 0.39, P value = 0.005; Posterior beta = 0.844, P value < 0.0001; Posterior beta = 0.467, P value < 0.0001; Posterior beta = 1.107, P value = 0.005; Posterior beta = 0.176, P value = 0.044, respectively). We also appraised the diagnostic power of transcript quantities of CHAST, CEBPA, DICER1-AS1, H19 and HNF1A-AS1 in distinguishing between patients with schizophrenia and controls through depicting ROC curves. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values, CEBPA had the best diagnostic power (AUC = 0.948, P < 0.0001), followed by H19 (AUC = 0.815, P < 0.0001). Taken together, our study demonstrated dysregulation of NF-κB-related lncRNAs and genes in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia and their potential as peripheral markers for this psychiatric condition.

Concentrations of non-glucose polyols in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from apparently healthy adults and children.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yoshioka ◽  
S Saitoh ◽  
S Seki ◽  
K Seki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Six non-glucose polyols--mannose, fructose, 1-deoxyglucose, mannitol, glucitol, and inositol--were identified and evaluated in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid by gas-liquid chromatography and by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of fructose, mannose, and inositol in the serum of healthy persons or children without metabolic diseases varied with age, as already reported for 1-deoxyglucose. Fructose, inositol, and glucitol concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid significantly exceeded those in serum. The method described here for determining polyols and for evaluating polyol patterns in serum, as well as the resulting data on children and healthy subjects, should be useful in investigations of the clinical and physiological significance of polyols.

scholarly journals Diagnostic capability of different morphological parameters for primary open‐angle glaucoma in the Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoshi Li ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yahui Wei ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Diagnostic Capability ◽  
Diagnostic Power

Abstract Background To assess the diagnostic capability of novel Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO)-based disc parameters, the BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and the BMO-minimum rim area (BMO-MRA) in the Chinese population and compare them to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the rim area (RA) from the Heidelberg retinal tomograph-III (HRT-III). Methods In total, 200 eyes of 77 healthy and 123 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent the visual field test and structural measurements by OCT and HRT-III. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of different structural parameters were calculated to assess their diagnostic power and compared using the DeLong test. Results In populations with different characteristics, the BMO-MRW and BMO-MRA had better diagnostic power than the RA. In discriminating between all POAG subjects and healthy controls and between early-stage patients and controls, the global BMO-MRW had comparable AUCs with the RNFL, but the BMO-MRA had lower AUCs than the RNFL. In healthy subjects with macrodiscs, both the global and sectoral BMO-MRW were thinner than those in healthy subjects with normal disc size. The AUCs of BMO-MRA, BMO-MRW and RNFL in subjects with macrodiscs were comparable. Additionally, in the myopic population, the BMO-MRA and BMO-MRW had comparable AUCs with the RNFL. Conclusions The BMO-MRW had comparable diagnostic power with the RNFL, and compared with BMO-MRW, the BMO-MRA might have advantages in certain populations, such as macrodiscs. All OCT-derived parameters exceeded the RA in diagnostic capability.

scholarly journals The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silu Chen ◽  
Shuai Ben ◽  
Junyi Xin ◽  
Shuwei Li ◽  
Rui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Small Ncrnas ◽  
Bioinformatics Databases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Proliferative Signaling

AbstractSmall non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24–31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2′-O-methyl modification at the 3′-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and accelerating multiprotein interactions. piRNAs are emerging players in the malignant transformation of normal cells and participate in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Most of the specific cancer hallmarks regulated by piRNAs are involved in sustaining proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death or apoptosis, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Additionally, piRNAs have been used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and have great potential for clinical utility. However, research on the underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer is limited. Here, we systematically reviewed recent advances in the biogenesis and biological functions of piRNAs and relevant bioinformatics databases with the aim of providing insights into cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. We also focused on some cancer hallmarks rarely reported to be related to piRNAs, which can promote in-depth research of piRNAs in molecular biology and facilitate their clinical translation into cancer treatment.

Identification of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor/CD163 as a natural soluble protein in plasma

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Jon Møller ◽  
Niels Anker Peterslund ◽  
Jonas Heilskov Graversen ◽  
Søren Kragh Moestrup
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Persons

The hemoglobin scavenger receptor (HbSR/CD163) is an interleukin-6– and glucocorticoid-regulated macrophage/monocyte receptor for uptake of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes. Moreover, there are strong indications that HbSR serves an anti-inflammatory function. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting enabled identification of a soluble plasma form of HbSR (sHbSR) having an electrophoretic mobility equal to that of recombinant HbSR consisting of the extracellular domain (scavenger receptor cysteine-rich 1-9). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established and used to measure the sHbSR level in 130 healthy subjects (median, 1.87 mg/L; range, 0.73-4.69 mg/L). To evaluate the sHbSR levels in conditions with increased leukocyte stimulation and proliferation, 140 patients admitted to a hematological department were screened. Several patients, with a broad spectrum of diagnoses, had a level of sHbSR above the range of healthy persons. Patients with myelomonocytic leukemias and pneumonia/sepsis exhibited the highest levels (up to 67.3 mg/L). In conclusion, sHbSR is an abundant plasma protein potentially valuable in monitoring patients with infections and myelomonocytic leukemia.

scholarly journals A collection of three integration-free iPSCs derived from old male and female healthy subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 101663
Author(s):  
Eva Rodríguez-Traver ◽  
Eva Díaz-Guerra ◽  
César Rodríguez ◽  
Fabián Arenas ◽  
María Orera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs and Related Molecular Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Villa ◽  
Lavitrano ◽  
Combi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Processes ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Coding Capacity

Epilepsy represents one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the central nervous system (CNS). Recurrent seizures are the cardinal clinical manifestation. Although it has been reported that the underlying pathological processes include inflammation, changes in synaptic strength, apoptosis, and ion channels dysfunction, currently the pathogenesis of epilepsy is not yet completely understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of long transcripts without protein-coding capacity, have emerged as regulatory molecules that are involved in a wide variety of biological processes. A growing number of studies reported that lncRNAs participate in the regulation of pathological processes of epilepsy and they are dysregulated during epileptogenesis. Moreover, an aberrant expression of lncRNAs linked to epilepsy has been observed both in patients and in animal models. In this review, we summarize latest advances concerning the mechanisms of action and the involvement of the most dysregulated lncRNAs in epilepsy. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs in the disease pathogenesis are still to be explored and we are only at the beginning. Additional studies are needed for the complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and they would result in the use of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Acute effect of different concentrations of cayenne pepper cataplasm on sensory-motor functions and serum levels of inflammation-related biomarkers in healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Šarabon ◽  
Stefan Löfler ◽  
Jan Cvecka ◽  
Wolfgang Hübl ◽  
Sandra Zampieri
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Force Matching ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Trunk Extension

Physical medicine therapies are often used in treating widespread musculoskeletal disorders, such as neck and low back pain. Herbal cataplasms containing rubefacient substances, such as Cayenne pepper, or galenic preparations like Munari cataplasm are commonly used as natural medications to treat painful areas. In this paper we show the effects of a 20-min application of Cayenne pepper and kaolin powder cataplasm (CPC) on healthy subjects. Treatment effects were evaluated by cold/hot feeling on visual analogue scale, blood pressure, body temperature, skin light touch sensations, two-point discrimination, and pain threshold to a mechanical stimulus, before and immediately after, 15 min after and 30 min after different concentration of Cayenne pepper in CPC preparation on healthy subjects. Maximal voluntary trunk extension force and trunk extension submaximal force matching error were also measured. In addition, the resulting optimal CPC mixture was tested for its safety by measuring changes in circulating levels of inflammatory-related biomarkers after 20-min application. The results indicate that the 5% concentration of Cayenne pepper in the preparation of CPC is the best choice, since no additional effects can be obtained with the 10% concentration, and the effects are higher than those observed at the 2.5% concentration. Importantly, 5% CPC application did not induce a significant increase of inflammatory-related biomarkers, suggesting that 20-min application has no negative side effects at systemic levels. Further studies are needed to investigate the immediate and long-term effects of repeated CPC applications as well as to understand the intersecting underlying mechanisms activated by Capsaicin and other identified factors, in order to be more extensively used in the field of physical medicine therapies.

scholarly journals Absence of age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics of a single 500-milligram oral dose of levofloxacin in healthy subjects.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1562-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Chien ◽  
A T Chow ◽  
J Natarajan ◽  
R R Williams ◽  
F A Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
And Gender

The influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in healthy subjects receiving a single oral 500-mg dose of levofloxacin was investigated in this parallel design study. Six young males (aged 18 to 40 years), six elderly males (aged > or = 65 years), six young females (aged 18 to 40 years), and six elderly females (aged > or = 65 years) were enrolled and completed the study. The study reveals that the bioavailability (rate and extent) of levofloxacin was not affected by either age or gender. In both age (young and elderly) and gender (male and female) groups of subjects, peak concentrations in plasma were reached at approximately 1.5 h after dosing; renal clearance of levofloxacin accounted for approximately 77% of total body clearance, and approximately 76% of the administered dose was recovered unchanged in urine over the 36 h of collection. The apparent differences in the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters for levofloxacin between the age groups (young versus elderly) and between the gender groups (males versus females) could be explained by differences in renal function among the subjects. A single dose of 500 mg of levofloxacin administered orally to both young and old, male and female healthy subjects was found to be safe and well tolerated. As the differences in levofloxacin kinetics between the young and the elderly or the males and the females are limited and are mainly related to the renal function of the subjects, dose adjustment based on age or gender alone is not necessary.

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Filella ◽  
Laura Foj
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
New Biomarkers

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally and are part of the giant non codifying genoma. Cumulating data suggest that miRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) detection is currently based in the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination. However, these methods are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse consequences associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. New biomarkers that could be used for PCa detection and prognosis are still needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expressions of microRNAs are associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. This review attempts to extensively summarize the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns, as well as their targets and involvement in PCa pathogenesis. We focused our review in the value of circulating and urine miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients, highlighting the existing discrepancies between different studies, probably associated with the important methodological issues related to their quantitation and normalization. The majority of studies have been performed in serum or plasma, but urine obtained after prostate massage appears as a new way to explore the usefulness of miRNAs. Large screening studies to select a miRNA profile have been completed, but bioinformatics tools appear as a new approach to select miRNAs that are relevant in PCa development. Promising preliminary results were published concerning miR-141, miR-375 and miR-21, but larger and prospective studies using standardized methodology are necessary to define the value of miRNAs in the detection and prognosis of PCa.

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