scholarly journals Shelf life of composite flour mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00074
Author(s):  
Ivan Kechkin ◽  
Vladimir Ermolaev ◽  
Elena Gurkovskaya ◽  
Irina Glebova ◽  
Marina Yakovchenko ◽  
...  

Enrichment of food products with proteins, minerals and dietary fiber is possible by introducing grinding products of some cereal crops into wheat flour, i.e. obtaining composite flour mixtures. To date, there is a need to enrich food products with essential fatty acids, especially Linolenic acid (w-3), the deficiency of which leads to serious disruptions in functioning of the human body. Analysis of the lipid composition of various oilseed crops shows that the composition of flaxseed oil as a source of w-3 demonstrates an absolute advantage. The solution to the problem of flour enrichment with essential fatty acids is currently being solved by using crushed flaxseed cake. However, the use of flaxseed cake has several disadvantages. First of all, as studies have shown, the amount of such flaxseed flour in the composition of the composite mixture should be 15-20% to ensure the required amount in essential fatty acids, which significantly impairs the consumer properties of bread. The use of flax seeds directly will significantly reduce their proportion in the composition of the composite mixture.

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Иван Александрович Кечкин ◽  
Георгий Несторович Панкратов ◽  
Ирина Сергеевна Витол

Введение в ежедневный рацион продуктов, обогащенных эссенциальными нутриентами, является актуальной задачей стратегии здорового питания. В этой связи особое место занимают продукты переработки зерна, как основы пирамиды здорового питания. Среди наиболее востребованных незаменимых нутриентов следует выделить полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, и особенно жирные кислоты семейства ɷ-3. Главным источником линоленовой кислоты из растительного сырья является льняное масло, которое может быть введено в виде тонкоизмельченных семян льна в состав хлебопекарной муки. Химический состав продуктов питания на зерновой основе, полученных с использованием традиционной технологии, характеризуется недостаточной сбалансированностью, невысокой пищевой и биологической ценностью. В связи с этим с целью расширения ассортимента зерновых продуктов функциональной направленности общего, диетического и профилактического назначения на основе полизерновых смесей разработаны методология управления мукомольными свойствами зернового сырья при его переработке для получения продуктов питания на зерновой основе заданного состава и свойств; показана возможность совместного размола пшенично-льняной смеси с получением муки, обогащенной незаменимыми жирными кислотами (НЖК) - омега-3 (линоленовая кислота) и омега-6 (линолевая кислота); сформированы новые виды муки, обогащенные незаменимыми жирными кислотами; определены некоторые физико-химические характеристики пшеничной муки, обогащенной НЖК; выявлены особенности хлебопекарных свойств пшенично-льняной муки. На основании динамики изменения показателя кислотного числа жира (КЧЖ) спрогнозирован срок безопасного хранения пшенично-льняной муки, который составил 9,4 месяца. The introduction of foods fortified with essential nutrients into the daily diet is an urgent task of a healthy eating strategy. In this regard, grain processing products occupy a special place, as the basis of the pyramid of healthy nutrition. Among the most demanded essential nutrients are polyunsaturated fatty acids and especially fatty acids of the ɷ-3 family. The main source of linolenic acid from plant raw materials is linseed oil, which can be added in the form of finely ground flax seeds to baking flour. The chemical composition of grain-based food products obtained using traditional technology is characterized by insufficient balance, low nutritional and biological value. In this regard, in order to expand the range of functional grain products for general, dietary and prophylactic purposes on the basis of polygrain mixtures, the following have been developed: a methodology for controlling the milling properties of grain raw materials during its processing to obtain food products based on a grain basis of a given composition and properties; the possibility of joint grinding of a wheat-flax mixture to obtain flour enriched with essential fatty acids (EFA) - omega-3 (linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) is shown; formed new types of flour, enriched with essential fatty acids; some physicochemical characteristics of wheat flour enriched with EFA have been determined; the features of the baking properties of wheat-flax flour are revealed. Based on the dynamics of changes in the acid number of fat (FAT), the period of safe storage of wheat-flaxseed flour was predicted, which was 9.4 months.


Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalijs Radenkovs ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova ◽  
Anda Valdovska ◽  
Tõnu Püssa ◽  
...  

The amplified production of fruit as well as burgeoning demand for plant-made food products have resulted in a sharp increase of waste. Currently, millions of tons of by-products are either being discarded or utilized rather ineffectively. However, these by-products may be processed and further incorporated as functional ingredients in making high-value food products with many physiological and biochemical effects. The chemical analysis of pomace oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and reversed-phase-liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC/FLD) systems led to the identification and quantification of 56 individual lipophilic compounds including unsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as well as phytosterols and four homologs of tocopherol. The oils recovered from by-products of Malus spp. (particularly cv. “Ola”) are rich in fatty acids such as linolenic (57.8%), α-linolenic (54.3%), and oleic (25.5%). The concentration of total tocopherols varied among the Malus species and dessert apples investigated, representing the range of 16.8–30.9 mg mL−1. The highest content of total tocopherols was found in M. Bernu prieks, followed by M. cv. “Ola”, and M. × Soulardii pomace oils. A significantly higher amount of δ-tocopherol was established in the oil of M. Bernu prieks, indicating that this species could be utilized as a natural and cheap source of bioactive molecules. β-Sitosterol was the prevalent compound determined in all tested pomace oils with a percentage distribution of 10.3–94.5%. The main triterpene identified in the oils was lupeol, which varied in the range of 0.1–66.3%. A targeted utilization of apple pomace would facilitate management of tons of by-products and benefit the environment and industry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amod Madurapperumage ◽  
Leung Tang ◽  
Pushparajah Thavarajah ◽  
William Bridges ◽  
Emerson Shipe ◽  
...  

Chickpea is a highly nutritious pulse crop with low digestible carbohydrates (40–60%), protein (15–22%), essential fats (4–8%), and a range of minerals and vitamins. The fatty acid composition of the seed adds value because fats govern the texture, shelf-life, flavor, aroma, and nutritional composition of chickpea-based food products. Therefore, the biofortification of essential fatty acids has become a nutritional breeding target for chickpea crop improvement programs worldwide. This paper examines global chickpea production, focusing on plant lipids, their functions, and their benefits to human health. In addition, this paper also reviews the chemical analysis of essential fatty acids and possible breeding targets to enrich essential fatty acids in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) biofortification. Biofortification of chickpea for essential fatty acids within safe levels will improve human health and support food processing to retain the quality and flavor of chickpea-based food products. Essential fatty acid biofortification is possible by phenotyping diverse chickpea germplasm over suitable locations and years and identifying the candidate genes responsible for quantitative trait loci mapping using genome-wide association mapping.


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (March) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
FarhatSultana B ◽  
◽  
Vijayalakshmi R ◽  
Geetha PS ◽  
Mini ML ◽  
...  

Tamarind kernels are typically under-emphasized by products of the tamarind pulp industry. The kernel is a fair source of protein, fat (essential fatty acids), carbohydrates and minerals, which can replace conventional flour to develop new food products. The study aims to exploit the under-utilized tamarind kernel for value addition to improve tamarind kernel-based food products’ acceptability and consumption. The tamarind kernel incorporated cookies at 50 percent level of incorporation had moisture of 1.62 %, carbohydrate content of 72.52%, protein of 9.26 %, fat of 22.98%, fiber of 3.25% and ash of 1.12%, respectively. The developed cookies had higher protein and fiber content than control cookies, which depicts its potential to be the better alternative for the conventional flour.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Hanz A.S. Gunawan ◽  
Jovine M. Kurniawan ◽  
Edwina V. Sudarsono ◽  
Jonathan Effendi ◽  
Heriyanto Heriyanto

Indonesia is an archipelagic country. One can be found as the indigenous specimen alongside the coastal part of the country is the Sumatran Krill (SK), commonly known as ‘Udang Saih’ which can be found in Padang, West Sumatra. While the local people use it to make traditional condiment (like shrimp paste), the krill itself could be extracted to create more valuable products since it contains various important unsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3, omega-6, omega-7, and omega-9 and the powerful antioxidant carotenoid named astaxanthin. Astaxanthin as the main carotenoid in SK extract offers several health benefits such as anti-inflammatory properties, support immune system modulation, as well as maintaining brain, cardiovascular, and eye health. In this study, we aim to incorporate the SK extract into an instant noodle product. In addition, we used the composite flours consisted of high-protein wheat flour (WF) and yellow sweet potato flour (YSPF) which are rich in β-Carotene as a vitamin A precursor, to further enhance its eye health property. The instant noodle prototype (M2) was made from a mixture of YSPF (40 g), WF (40 g), super-concentrated astaxanthin in sunflower oil (8 mL), and super-concentrated astaxanthin (2.4 mL) had the highest score of sensory attributes. This instant noodle prototype was claimed to contain astaxanthin, essential fatty acids, and provitamin A carotenoid as well as low in gluten content. Therefore, this instant noodle prototype is believed to increase the health benefits and can be well accepted in society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Elena E. Kuprina ◽  
Evgeniya S. Grishina ◽  
Anastasia N. Yakkola ◽  
Andrey N. Manuilov ◽  
Pavel I. Demidov ◽  
...  

The technology for obtaining biologically active substances of a lipoid nature, enriched with omega-3 acids, from waste from the processing of hydrobionts by means of electrochemical hydrolysis and cryoconcentration has been developed. A comparative analysis of the composition of wastes from cutting herring and trout is carried out, and the expediency of their use for obtaining biologically active substances of a lipoid nature is shown. A technological scheme has been developed and fat yields have been determined when it is obtained from fish waste by an electrochemical method. The fatty acid composition of the fat obtained by the electrochemical method has been determined. It was found that cryoconcentrated fat obtained from wastes from trout and herring cutting by the electrochemical method has a significantly increased content of omega-3 acids and, accordingly, biological value compared to edible and medical fish oil from the liver of the cod family. It was found that during cryoconcentration, the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases, reaching values close to 90%, which allows the resulting product to be classified as biologically active additives. It was shown by calculation that to create functional fish-based food products from fish of the salmon family, it is sufficient to introduce 4 g of the obtained biologically active additive per 100 g of the product. There is also an improvement in the organoleptic properties of foods from lean fish species. It has been shown that in order to meet 30% of the recommended daily intake of omega-3 acids in the development of functional food products based on rainbow trout and Atlantic herring, it is necessary to introduce 1.98 g and 1.8 g of cryoconcentrated fish oil. After encapsulation in nanocapsules, the drug will be suitable for enrichment with omega-3 acids in any food products, which is the subject of further research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Rangel ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
Y Niella ◽  
LA Martinelli ◽  
AD Gomes ◽  
...  

Throughout evolutionary history, elasmobranchs have developed diverse reproductive strategies. Little focused work, however, has addressed how neonatal nutritional state is affected by differing degrees of maternal investment associated with these markedly different reproductive strategies. To investigate the effect of maternal investment on the nutritional quality of pups during the early life history of an extremely viviparous elasmobranch, quantitative biomarker analysis including lipids, fatty acids and stable isotopes was conducted. Using the cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (histotrophic viviparous) as a model, we found that pups were initially born in a positive nutritional state, enriched in physiologically important essential fatty acids and nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C), a result of maternal intrauterine transfer. A systematic decrease in some fatty acids and δ15N values, as well as a decrease in cholesterol with growth, confirmed that these substrates were derived from maternal resources and used in initial metabolic processes following birth. An observed increase in condition factor, plasma essential fatty acids and triglyceride:cholesterol ratio with increasing body size identified a progression towards successful independent foraging with pups not displaying marked nutritional deficiency or fasting phases. Our multi-tracer approach allowed the identification of 2 size classes of young rays (<50 and <70 cm disc width) that displayed distinct physiological states. Since prenatal maternal investment is critical for offspring condition and to promote successful foraging post birth, understanding the trophic ecology and physiological state of pups during their first year is critical to guide management and conservation within nursery grounds.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.


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