scholarly journals Influence of fertilizers on harvest yield, uptake of nutrients, and "raw" protein content in winter rye grains of Vologda region

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Olga Chukhina ◽  
Elena Karbasnikova ◽  
Oksana Obriaeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Rye Straw ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Based on results of the research done during 2017–2019 on the sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of the Vologda region, when applying the estimated doses of fertilizers N90P40K100-120 we can achieve 67–79% increased yields of winter rye grains compared to the control. When applying fertilizers with the dose N12P16K16, yield of winter rye straw increases by 25%. With full estimated doses of fertilizer N90P40K100-120, straw yields increase by 74–87% compared to control. Uptake of nutrients of 1 ton of winter rye with respective amount of straw when applying estimated doses of fertilizers compared to control, increases by 4 kg for nitrogen, 3–4 kg for potassium and does not change for phosphorus. With N12P16K16, the "raw" protein is increased by 0.4% in absolute units or 3% in relative units compared to control, and with N90P40K100-120 –by 1.8–2.0% in absolute units or by 16-17% in relative units.

CHANGES IN THE GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE BREEDING STOCK OF THE YAROSLAVL BREED IN THE VOLOGDA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
N.I. ABRAMOVA ◽  
G.S. VLASOVA ◽  
O.L. KHROMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Ideal Line ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Modern Population ◽  
Positive Effect

Проведен сопоставительный анализ генеалогической структуры племенного поголовья ярославской породы Вологодской области по данным 2005 и 2018 годов. Установлено, что в 2005 году в структуру породы входили 8 отечественных генеалогических линий. В результате скрещивания с голштинской породой произошли значительные изменения. Доля животных, принадлежащих к линиям ярославской породы, уменьшилась со 100% в 2005 году до 35,3% в 2018 году. В генеалогическую структуру современной популяции добавились 3 линии голштинской селекции, к которым на 1.01.2019 года относится большая часть маточного поголовья: к линии Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998 — 42,9%, Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415 — 13%, Монтвик Чифтейна 95679 — 8,8%. Скрещивание с голштинской породой оказало положительное влияние на повышение молочной продуктивности животных ярославской породы. Средний надой на 1 корову увеличился на 1670 кг молока, доля коров с продуктивностью более 6000 кг молока выросла на 35%. В результате расчета корреляционной зависимости между кровностью по голштинской породе и массовой долей жира и белка в молоке установлено, что скрещивание не ухудшило качественные показатели молока коров ярославской породы (степень кровности с МДЖ — r=-0,01; с МДБ — r=0,09; P<0,01), но в то же время отразилось отрицательно на продолжительности хозяйственного использования животных в стаде (r=-0,27; P<0,001). Для дальнейшего совершенствования породы следует определить оптимальную степень прилития крови голштинской породы. А с целью сохранения генофонда необходимо получение нового поколения чистопородных быков ярославской породы с более высоким потенциалом продуктивности. The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the genealogical structure of the breeding stock of the Yaroslavl breed in the Vologda region on the basis of the data for 2005 and 2018. It is established that in 2005 the structure of the breed included 8 domestic genealogical lines. As a result of the crossing with the Holstein breed, significant changes occurred. The share of animals of the Yaroslavl breed lines decreased from 100% in 2005 to 35.3% in 2018. The genealogical structure of the modern population got 3 added lines of the Holstein selection which as of 1.01.2019 include most of the breeding stock: Reflection Sovering line 198998 - 42.9%, Vis Back Ideal line 1013415 - 13%, and Montwick Chieftain line 95679 - 8.8%. The crossing with the Holstein breed had a positive effect on the increase in the milk productivity of the Yaroslavl breed animals. The average milk yield per 1 cow increased by 1670 kg of milk and the share of cows with the productivity of more than 6000 kg of milk increased by 35%. The results of the calculations of the correlation between the Holstein thoroughbredness and the fat and protein content in the milk showed that the crossing did not impair the quality indicators of the milk the Yaroslavl breed cows (thoroughbredness degree with the fat content r=-0.01; with the protein content r=0.09 P<0.01), but at the same time had a negative impact on the duration of the economic use of the animals in the herd (r=-0.27; P<0.001). For further improvement of the breed, there is a need to determine the optimal degree of crossing with the Holstein breed. Also, in order to preserve the gene pool, there is a need to obtain a new generation of purebred bulls of the Yaroslavl breed with a higher productivity potential.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of winter rye cultivars developed at VIR in the context of their grain protein content in the environments of Leningrad province

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Aniskov ◽  
I. V. Safonova ◽  
V. I. Horeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Leningrad Province

Background. In Leningrad Province, winter rye is an irreplaceable cereal crop for food and feed. At present, a reduction of the acreage under rye is observed. This situation may be changed by developing rye cultivars capable of maintaining high and stable protein content across variable natural environments.The objective of the research encompassed 9 winter rye cultivars developed by V. D. Kobylyansky and O. V. Solodukhina at VIR, all recommended for cultivation in this area.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2012–2017 in the fields of Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR. Nine low-pentosan winter rye cultivars bred at VIR were analyzed. Sowing time was within the period from August 28 to September 11. Agricultural practice used in the experiments was conventional for the Northwestern Region. The area of the plot was 10 m2; there were three replications. Seeding rate was 350 seeds/m2 or 3.5 million viable seeds per hectare. Analysis of variance was used for mathematical processing. Parameters of adaptability, stability, plasticity and stress resistance were calculated for the “grain protein content” indicator.Results. Protein content in grain for the studied winter rye cultivars in the environments of the Northwest region averaged 10.3% and varied from 8.7% to 12.2% depending on environmental conditions and hereditary features of the cultivars. It was confirmed by the results of the analysis of variance: the share of the ‘year of trial’ factor’s effect on protein content was 71.9%. The best conditions for increased protein content were observed in 2012, 2013 and 2016 (10.7%, 11.9% and 12.2%, respectively). The analysis of average protein content in grain showed that the cultivars ‘Ilmen’, ‘Vavilovskaya’, ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’, Novaya Era, ‘Yantarnaya’ exceeded the reference cultivar ‘Era’ by (1.0 – 10.0%). The most adaptable in the context of grain protein content under the conditions of the Northwestern Region were the winter rye cultivars ‘Ilmen’, ‘Era’, ‘Yantarnaya’, Novaya Era, and Rushnik 2. The sum of their ranks according to the coefficients of variation (V), environmental plasticity (O), relative trait stability (St²) and homeostasis (Hom), as well as each cultivar’s adaptability coefficient (AC), stress resistance level (Y min – Y max) and compensatory ability (Y min + Y max/2), was 13–31 units.Conclusion. Rye cultivars ‘Ilmen’, ‘Era’, ‘Yantarnaya’, Novaya Era, and Rushnik 2 possess high adaptability and can maintain high protein content levels in grain under widely varied environmental conditions in the Northwestern Region of Russia.

scholarly journals Optimization of grain quality parameters for winter rye breeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Ponomareva ◽  
S. N. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Technological Parameters

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic variability of grain quality indicators and to identify the set of the most informative indicators for the selection of different use varieties of winter rye. The research was carried out in Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the “Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences” in 2001–2015 on 15 varieties of winter rye. Twenty parameters defining quality of grain and raw value were estimated: technological indicators (thousand grain mass, full-scale weight and grain uniformity), parameters preharvest sprouting (falling number, rate of amylogram, temperature of peak of starch gelatinization), kinematic water extract viscosity (WEV) of grain meal, baking properties (organoleptic assessment of trial baking bread). The greatest influence of genotype was found on WEV (34.8 %) and protein content (27.8 %). These features should be primarily the subject of phenotypic evaluation in the breeding process. Phenotypic variability of criteria of carbohydrate-amylase complex, α-amylases activity and technological parameters was determined predominantly (68.6…82.5 %) by environmental factors. There was no significant relationship between falling number and protein content. The falling number correlated with the rate of amylogram and the temperature of gelatinization. Positive conjugation of the average power of WEV with the rate of amylogram and falling number was found. On the basis of a prolonged phenotypic evaluation using principal component analysis we have optimized the analyzed indicators of quality properties of winter rye grain. For breeding evaluation of winter rye it is proposed to use four integral indi cators having the greatest weight load: protein content, falling number, water extract viscosity and thousand grain mass. This complex of features will provide objectivity and completeness of the evaluation of the breeding material. It was shown that the kinematic viscosity of the water extract should become an important selection index, both for determining the baking qualities of rye, and for revealing the fodder grain advantages.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Fedor A. Popov ◽  
Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

scholarly journals Productivity of crop rotation using fertilizers and herbicides in the Vologda Oblast

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00183
Author(s):  
Olga Chukhina ◽  
Nadezhda Tokareva ◽  
Anna Demidova ◽  
Tatyana Vasilieva ◽  
Elena Karbasnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The work shows that in the Vologda region on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, the use of various doses of fertilizers significantly increased the productivity of rotation crops both with and without herbicides. Fertilizer doses calculated by the balance method for the planned yield using the balance coefficients of nutrient utilization from fertilizers and soil increased the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, both by crops and weeds, compared to the control.

THE EFFECTS OF 2-CHLORO-6 (TRICHLOROMETHYL)-PYRIDINE (’N-SERVE’) AND N FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF CANADIAN OILSEED RAPE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Meal Protein

’N-Serve’ has been shown to reduce losses of applied N-fertilizer and thereby increase fertilizer N-utilization by plants. This study was undertaken to test the effects of ’N-Serve’ on fertilizer N efficiency in oilseed rape production and quality. Field experiments were conducted on two chernozemic soils over 4 yr in Manitoba. The oilseed rape cultivars Tower (Brassica napus L.) and Torch (B. campestris) were used in the study. Spring and fall applied ammonium nitrate, urea and fluid-N, with and without ’N-Serve’ delayed flowering and increased the herbage yield of both oilseed rape cultivars. The number of days from full pod to maturity was increased with application of N fertilizers, but the number of days from flowering to full pod was constant. Increased herbage yield and total plant N at flowering was reflected in increased seed yield and meal protein content, but decreased oil content. ’N-Serve’ applied with and without N fertilizer reduced oil content and oil yield. However, when ’N-Serve’ was applied in the fall with urea and fluid-N it improved their efficiency, resulting in higher seed yields and meal protein content equivalent to that of spring applications. ’N-Serve’ used with fall applied ammonium nitrate or with all three sources of spring applied N had no similar effect. It is concluded that ’N-Serve’ should not be applied to oilseed rape, mainly because of its negative effect on seed oil content.Key words: Oilseed rape, ammonium nitrate, urea, fluid-N, chernozemic soil, protein, oil

Hazlet winter rye

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
Y. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Rye Straw ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Hazlet is a cultivar of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), developed at the Semiarid Prairie, Agricultural Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK. Straw of Hazlet is about 10% shorter than tall cultivars such as Prima. Lodging resistance is poorer than AC Rifle and similar to Prima and Dakota. Hazlet has good winter survival and is well adapted to the Canadian Prairies. Kernels are about 16% larger and the test weight is significantly greater than the check cultivars. Grain yield is about 16% grater than that of Prima. Key words: Cultivar description, winter rye, straw strength, reduced plant height, test weight, kernel weight, Secale cereale L.

Effects of fertilizer N and number of years in tillage on the protein and non-protein content of feeding barley grain (cv. Nessa) and on N uptake and recovery

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Gately ◽  
D. M. McAleese
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYThe effects of six amounts (0, 17, 34, 51, 68, 85 kg N/ha) of fertilizer N, applied at sowing time, on the crude protein (N × 6·25) content of barley grain sown as the first, second and fourth or later tillage crop after grazed pasture were studied over three seasons at a total of 126 sites. In addition, non-protein N in the grain was measured at 24 sites.The overall crude protein content was 11·3% without N, increasing to 13·4% with 85 kg N/ha. The first increment of 17 kg N/ha gave the least increase in grain protein content. The year which gave the largest yields gave the lowest grain protein contents and vice versa. The mean grain protein contents without N for 1971–3 inclusive were 10·8, 11·5 and 11·8% respectively.The mean grain protein contents without N when barley was sown as the first, second and fourth or later tillage crop after pasture were 12·6, 11·5 and 10·0% respectively; the corresponding values with 85 kg N/ha were 14·4, 13·9 and 11·8%. There was a positive relationship between grain protein content and lodging, especially in barley sown as the first tillage crop after pasture, where lodging was most severe.Non-protein N was low and only accounted for 5–8% of the total grain N content. The mean grain. N uptake with no fertilizer N applied was 82, 70 and 49 kg/ha in barley sown as the first, second and fourth or later tillage crop respectively. The apparent recovery of fertilizer N was largest in fourth or later barley.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SOFT WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat

Field experiments were conducted over four growing seasons in southern Alberta to develop improved irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Irrigation to provide available water in the root zone to maturity maintained acceptably low protein content of soft wheat fertilizer-N plus soil test NO3-N levels from 140 to 208 kg ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer increased protein content in all 4 yr of the study and increased yields each year except 1981 when the soil contained a high level of NO3-N. The protein content was not raised above the level considered acceptable for the domestic Canadian market (10.5%, moist basis) unless fertilizer rates in excess of the economic optimum level were applied. Fertilizer-N response curves were developed for each cultivar, irrigation treatment, and year combination. These were used to show the relationship between yield and the level of fertilizer N plus soil NO3-N which would result in economic optimum yields of soft white spring wheat of acceptable protein content. The results suggest N rates can be increased about 30 kg ha−1 for each t ha−1 increase in the target yield of the producer.Key words: Wheat (soft white spring), Triticum aestivum L., irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, protein, target yield

Cover crop management effects on soybean and corn growth and nitrogen dynamics in an on-farm study

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Karlen ◽  
J. W. Doran
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Early Season ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Ridge Tillage

AbstractCombining cover crops and conservation tillage may result in more sustainable agricultural production practices. Objectives of this on-farm study were to quantify effects of cover crops on growth and nitrogen accumulation by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr,] and corn (Zea mays L.) on a Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) near Boone, Iowa, Our farmer-cooperator planted soybean in 1988 using ridge tillage into an undisturbed strip with a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth) cover crop and into a strip where previous crop residue and a negligible amount of cover crop had been incorporated by autumn and spring disking. In each strip, we established four plots for soil and plant measurements. Our cooperator planted corn on the same strips in 1989 into a cover crop that consisted of both hairy vetch and winter rye (Secale cereale L.). We determined the source of N accumulated by the corn by applying 67 kg N/ha of 15N depleted NH4NO3 fertilizer. In the absence of cover crops, early season soil NO3-N levels in the top 30 cm were higher, and corn growth and N accumulation were more rapid. At harvest, the corn grain, stover, and cob together accounted for 36 and 39 percent of the 15N fertilizer for the ridge tillage and disked treatments, respectively. We suggest that lower net mineralization of organic matter or greater denitrification losses before planting reduced the availability of soil N, This created an early season Nstress in corn grown with cover crops that was not overcome by broadcast fertilizer N applied three weeks after planting. Our on-farm research study has helped focus continuing efforts to determine if non-recovered fertilizer N is being immobilized in microbial biomass, lost by denitrification, or leached below the plant root zone.

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