scholarly journals The optimisation of the cylinder-spiral soil-cultivating roller

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sharonov ◽  
Vladimir Кurdyumov ◽  
Yuri Isaev ◽  
Viktor Kurushin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Smooth Pipe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cylindrical Spiral ◽  
Smooth Roller

Designed cylinder-tillage spiral skating rink with spiral work items, which form a fine lumpy structure of the sowing layer of soil with grain size corresponding to agrotechnical requirements, while helping the soil surface, mulching the top layer of soil over the seeds, seal the depth of their placement, providing the required contact of seeds with soil is necessary to ensure the uniformity of germination. At the theoretical level, it is determined that an increase in the pinching angle leads to an increase in the size of the hollow smooth pipe of the roller. This occurs while increasing the depth of deformation of the layer of crushed soil and the radius of the clump of soil. However, a change in the radius of a hollow smooth roller of more than 0.3 m does not lead to a slight increase in the pinching angle. Therefore, increasing the radius of the hollow smooth roller over 0.3 m is not rational, as it will increase the metal content of the structure. After analyzing the obtained mathematical models of the soil treatment process with a roller, we optimized the parameters of a cylindrical-spiral roller: speed of 11 km/h, mass of ballasting loads of 100 kg, step of the spiral turn of 40 mm, and the departure of the spiral screw of 35 mm. These modes ensure the formation of a qualitatively compacted soil layer in the zone of planting seeds of agricultural crops, which is confirmed by the maximum value of the processing quality criterion for matching the density of the soil after rolling with a cylindrical-spiral roller CCS = 0.98 (while the density of the sown layer addition 1185...1215 kg/m3), which fully satisfies the agrotechnical optimum. The yield of barley of the Nutans-553 variety became higher after the use of an innovative cylindrical-spiral roller by 6.4 % and 9.3 %, respectively, of the yield after the impact of serial ККSh rollers and ring rollers of the seeding machine. In the course of evaluating the metal consumption of structures of the innovative cylindrical-spiral roller and the ring-spur roller, a difference of 70% per unit width of the grip was revealed.

scholarly journals Water Hummer Technology for Soil Destruction on Dredgers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3570-3576
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

The present investigation aims to propose a solution of the problem which is connected with slurry processing during the dredger’s operation under difficult conditions. On dredgers, depending on the degree of air dryness or low ambient temperatures very often arises technical problem that creates difficulties for the crew. It is connected with the fact that soil surface layer is very dense. It is very difficult to dredge the soil during extraction under water surface or unloading from the hold of a vessel at low ambient temperatures. The top layer of the very soil is characterized by a high degree of compaction and can be destroyed in two ways only. The first way is to use very powerful mechanical equipment (percussion mechanisms, vibration equipment, etc.). This method is associated with high energy spending and its use on a vessel is technically difficult. The second way is to use the soil cutting process with the use of mechanical cutters. Dredger’s operation with the use of milling equipment is always characterized by the fact that during soil mechanical treatment there is always occurs breakage of the cutter teeth or rapid wear of the cutting surfaces. A similar problem occurs when sandy or clay soil is extracted under water, which is compacted by its properties. In investigation a non-trivial solution was used to solve the problem of destruction of the compacted soil layer during the operation of the dredger. It was proposed to use the hydrodynamic method based on water hammer as the main mechanism for the destruction of compacted soil. As a result of the interaction of the compacted soil layer and high pressurized directed water jets, good performance of the dredger can be achieved. The two-dimensional mechanism of destruction of the compacted soil layer can be described by the condition of dynamic equilibrium of the three main flows - the jet, which flows from the conical nozzle and two flows along the soil surface. For these streams, a reactive force evaluation has been performed. Destructive jets can be generated by standard marine pumps in combination with the use of water hammer. Based on the results of the experiments, it was found that the qualitative destruction of the surface layer of compacted soil occurs using two or three phases of hydraulic water hummer.

scholarly journals The impact of roosting birds on the abundance of two groups of soil mesofauna

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krassimira ILIEVA-MAKULEC ◽  
Dawid KOZACKI ◽  
Grzegorz MAKULEC
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Control Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of corvid urban roosts on the abundance of two groups of soil mesofauna: mites and springtails. Two areas located in the city of Warsaw were taken into consideration, one subjected to winter roosting activity of corvids and the other not influenced by birds. The samples were taken three times, in May, July, and September of 2013. The results show a positive effect of corvid roosts on the density of soil mesofauna, especially in the top 0–5 cm soil layer. On each sampling date, we found more numerous communities of mites and springtails in the soil within the roosting area than in control. The average densities ofmites ranged from 30×103 ind. m–2 to 200×103 ind. m–2 in the soil within the roost and from 6 ×103 ind. m–2 to 40×103 ind. m–2 in the control. In the case of springtails the average densities ranged from 9×103 ind. m–2 to 36×103 ind. m–2 in the roost and from 4×103 ind. m–2 to 8×103 ind. m–2 in the control. Among the two groups, mites prevailed over the springtails both in the soil of roost and control area. We inferred that the corvid roosting activity, involving mainly an excrement deposition on the soil surface, influences soil mesofauna indirectly

scholarly journals Optimization of the dimensional parameters of the working body for compaction temporary sprinkler dams

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04075
Author(s):  
Maksud Кarimov ◽  
Zayniddin Sharipov ◽  
Taxir Usmanov
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research work to optimize the working dimensions of the sealing working bodies of the dammer. A ski-shaped sealing sheet and a cone roller are used as working elements to seal the outer and inner parts of the temporary sprinkler dam. The sealing sheet of the sliding working body compresses, thanks to the presence of the inclined cheek SH and eliminates the restoration of compacted soil with the EC section. When the sealing sheet moves along the surface of the dam slope, it is immersed under the action of its own weight or the pressure force of the additional loader (spring) by the value h1, the soil layer with the thickness h1 is pressed into the body of the dam. In this case, the nature of the impact of the compacting cheek of the face on the lump of soil depends on the value of the angle αl of its inclination to the horizon and the speed of movement. To seal the outer part of the dam, take a cone roller as a working body. To substantiate the parameters of the conical working body, conical working elements were manufactured with a change in the large diameter of the truncated cone and different sizes of sealing sheets. During operation, the roller rotates on its axis with sliding and has no torque on the shaft. To find out the effect of sliding on the value of the longitudinal movement of the compacted soil particles on the surface of the dam, the nature of the effect of the base of the conical part of the roller on them is graphically considered.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

scholarly journals Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Artur Guzy ◽  
Wojciech T. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Model ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage-related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the “Bogdanka” coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area’s boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.

scholarly journals Coal Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide Influence Transport and Redistribution of Soil Nitrogen in a Sandy Sloping Land

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Zejun Tang ◽  
Jianzhang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Rates

Sandy soils are prone to nutrient losses, and consequently do not have as much as agricultural productivity as other soils. In this study, coal fly ash (CFA) and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) granules were used as a sandy soil amendment. The two additives were incorporated to the sandy soil layer (depth of 0.2 m, slope gradient of 10°) at three CFA dosages and two PAM dosages. Urea was applied uniformly onto the low-nitrogen (N) soil surface prior to the simulated rainfall experiment (rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm/min). The results showed that compared with no addition of CFA and PAM, the addition of CFA and/or PAM caused some increases in the cumulative NO3−-N and NH4+-N losses with surface runoff; when the rainfall event ended, 15% CFA alone treatment and 0.01–0.02% PAM alone treatment resulted in small but significant increases in the cumulative runoff-associated NO3−-N concentration (p < 0.05), meanwhile 10% CFA + 0.01% PAM treatment and 15% CFA alone treatment resulted in nonsignificant small increases in the cumulative runoff-associated NH4+-N concentration (p > 0.05). After the rainfall event, both CFA and PAM alone treatments increased the concentrations of NO3−-N and NH4+-N retained in the sandy soil layer compared with the unamended soil. As the CFA and PAM co-application rates increased, the additive effect of CFA and PAM on improving the nutrient retention of sandy soil increased.

scholarly journals Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Qingxu Ma ◽  
Jiahui Liao ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Fractions

Abstract Background Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil quality and fertility in forest ecosystems. Labile SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon pool. Organic mulching (OM) alters the soil environment and promotes plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in plants. Methods A one-year field experiment with four treatments (OM at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm thicknesses) was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum plantation. Changes in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil; the carbon content in the plant fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch; and several soil physicochemical properties were measured. The relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were analysed. Results The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions, except for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of subsoil. There were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic carbon. The OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. The thinnest (5 cm) mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over time. The time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions, followed by soil layer. Conclusions The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present study. OM is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.

scholarly journals Treatment of wood with atmospheric plasma discharge: study of the treatment process, dynamic wettability and interactions with a waterborne coating

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Žigon ◽  
Matjaž Pavlič ◽  
Pierre Kibleur ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Marko Petrič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Waterborne Coating ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlasma treatment is becoming a mature technique for modification of surfaces of various materials, including wood. A better insight in the treatment process and the impact of the plasma on properties of wood bulk are still needed. The study was performed on Norway spruce and common beech wood, as well as their thermally modified variations. The formations of the airborne discharge, as well as mass changes of the treated wood, were monitored. The impact of such treatment on wood-coating interaction was investigated by evaluating the dynamic wettability and penetration into wood. At the wood surface, plasma streamers were observed more intense on denser latewood regions. Wood mass loss was higher with increasing number of passes through the plasma discharge and was lower for thermally modified wood than for unmodified wood. Plasma treatment increased the surface free energy of all wood species and lowered the contact angles of a waterborne coating, these together indicating enhanced wettability after treatment. Finally, the distribution and penetration depth of the coating were studied with X-ray microtomography. It was found that the coating penetrated deeper into beech than into spruce wood. However, the treatment with plasma increased the penetration of the coating only into spruce wood.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document