The extraction of natural essential oils and terpenoids from plants by supercritical fluid

In order to provide guidance for the improvement of supercritical fluid extraction technology in the extraction of natural volatile oil and terpenoids from plants, SFE was compared with steam distillation, solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, pressure method and other traditional extraction processes, and the supercritical CO2 extraction conditions of SFE in the extraction of natural volatile oil and terpenoids were studied, including temperature, pressure, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time and so on. The influence of entrainer or co extractant on the extraction effect was discussed to provide optimization parameters for the extraction process of natural volatile oil and terpenoids. SFE technology has advantages in the extraction of natural plant volatile oil and has broad application prospects in industrial production.

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Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Bioactive Compounds by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction from Artichoke Wastes

Acta Chimica Slovenica ◽

10.17344/acsi.2021.6679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 658-666

Author(s):

Izzet Turker ◽

Hilal Isleroglu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

In this study, bioactive compounds were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and classical extraction processes using distilled water as solvent from artichoke leaves which are considered as agricultural wastes. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content values of the obtained bioactive extracts were determined, and extraction yields and times were evaluated to compare the extraction processes. Also, the optimum extraction conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (extraction time and ultrasonic power) which provide the highest extraction yield were determined using D-optimal design by ‘desirability’ function approach. According to the results, bioactive extracts having high antioxidant capacity were obtained at shorter times and higher extraction yields were achieved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction process than classical extraction. The highest extraction yield was estimated as 98.46% with an application of 20.05 minutes of extraction time and 65.02% of ultrasonic amplitude for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process.

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Microalgae to Energy

Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.23880/ppej-16000223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Olushola O

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Energy Content ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Green Pigment ◽

Potential Source ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Algae Oil

Microalgae, an organism which is considered as a potential source of biofuel from the last decade endowed with excellent capability of CO 2 capture and sequestration, water treatment, prolific growth rate and enormous energy content. The Soxhlet extraction of lipids from microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris, Nannochloropsis sp., and Thalassiosira weissflogii), was carried out with several solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and hexane), pure and mixtures, in order to optimize the extraction process. For the paper, the highest amount of lipid was obtained using a combination of methanol and acetone or methanol alone. The extract liquid fractions were treated with activated carbon to remove the green pigment. Attempts to in situ algae oil transesterification were accomplished using acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and base (NaOH and CaO) catalysts. The extend of extraction processes was assessed by infrared spectroscopy.

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Comparison of microwave and conventional extraction methods for natural dyes in wood waste of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)

Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu ◽

10.5937/jaes0-23695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 618-623

Author(s):

Selfina Gala ◽

Sumarno Sumarno ◽

Mahfud Mahfud

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Heating Time ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Conventional Extraction ◽

Time Required

Natural dyes from mahogany are usually obtained by conventional extraction. This extraction process requires a large solvent, a long duration of the process so that the energy requirements are also higher. Therefore, the use of "green techniques" to extract natural dyes with a minimum of energy and solvent should be considered. One extraction method that has been developed is the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. In this work, the effects of microwave power, material to solvent ratio, and the heating time on the extraction results and the pigment components of the extract were examined. A comparison of the time required for reflux extraction and Soxhlet was also made. In microwave extraction, the highest yield was obtained at optimum extraction conditions such as microwave power of 600 W, the ratio of material to solvent of 0.02 g/mL, extraction time of 30 min. While for reflux and Soxhlet extraction, the extraction time needed to obtain optimum yield was 120 min and 720 min, respectively. Identification of compound components by the phytochemical test. Descriptions of the effects of microwave and conventional extraction are shown by damage to the surface structure of solid materials using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

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Research on Solvent Extraction Process of Coal for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.862 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 455-456 ◽

pp. 862-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Yan Bi ◽

Hong Yang ◽

Juan Miao ◽

Yu Gui Zhang ◽

Jian Feng Wan

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Rate ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Extraction ◽

Rate Condition ◽

Direct Carbon Fuel Cells ◽

Time Required

Two different extraction methods, microwave extraction and traditional soxhlet extraction, were used to evaluate the optimal extraction process of coal for direct carbon fuel cells through enrichment efficiency of the organic components and extraction time required under the same extraction rate. The experimental results showed that the extraction rate of microwave extraction was 9.7368% when adopted tectonic coal of 8th coal mine as sample, selected 80mL pyridine as solvent, set 95W as microwave power and 3min as extraction time. Under the same extraction rate condition, soxhlet extraction time is 35.73h, and the extraction efficiency of the microwave extraction was 714.6 times that of the soxhlet extraction. The microwave extraction was a simplify and promising working for coal, which was used as raw fuel for direct carbon fuel cells, with fast extraction speed, large sample capacity, energy saving and environmental friendly.

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OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI DAN PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN KATEKIN DALAM TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis) MENGGUNAKAN METODA HPLC

AGROTECH : JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN ◽

10.37631/agrotech.v2i1.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Sudjatini Sudjatini

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Green Tea ◽

High Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Boiling Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Pressure Extraction ◽

Optimum Period

This research was designed to determine the optimum period extraction time for catechin green tea using boiling water and ethyl acetate as a solubilizing agent, whereas the composition and the content of catechin green tea were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A single factor experiment design was used. The period extraction time of green tea using boiling water and ethyl acetate were 5, 20, 35 and 60 minutes. The proportion of green tea at the extraction process was 1:15 (weight/volume). The extraction process using boiling water was done twice to get the maximum extracted catechin yield. The extracted catechin of green tea were, therefore, compared with epi-catechin as standard solution. The research’s results show that the optimum period for extraction time of green tea using boiling water and ethyl acetate were 35 and 20 minutes, respectively. The extracted green tea using boiling water was 41.39 % of its dry weight, and those extracted green tea contained catechin as high as 60.62-61.78 %. Catechin compound in green tea residues extracted using ethyl acetate was 5.31 % from 58.35 % the total green tea residues. The composition of catechin in the first boiling water extraction, the second boiling water extraction and pressure extraction consisted of epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin-gallat (EGCG), epicatechin (EC) and epicatechin-gallat (ECG). ECG was only found in green tea residue extracted using ethyl acetate. The total catechin compound in green tea extracted using boiling water and ethyl acetate was 27.73 % of dry weight, consisted of EGC, EGCG, EC and ECG were 14.74, 1.73, 8,35 and 2.91 % of green tea dry weight, respectively

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Aplikasi Microwave Hydrodistillation pada Ekstraksi Biji Kapulaga

Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan ◽

10.33795/jtkl.v4i2.169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Y. Tri Rahkadima ◽

Anggun Fitria Laila Ningsih ◽

Medya Ayunda Fitri

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Conventional Method ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Distillation Method ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Conventional Extraction

Minyak Atsiri dari kapulaga memiliki banyak manfaat dibidang industri maupun kesehatan. Metode alternatif diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan kuantitas minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan karena metode konvensional memiliki banyak kelemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil minyak atsiri dari proses ekstraksi konvensional menggunakan soxhlet dan ekstraksi microwave hydrodistilation . Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk biji kapulaga seberat 40 gram yang telah dipisahkan dari bahan impuritiesnya . Pada metode ekstraksi Soxhlet , n-heksan digunakan sebagai pelarut, sementara itu pada metode ekstraksi Microwave Hydrodistilation menggunakan aquadest sebagai pelarutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen yield tertinggi diperoleh saat menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhlet yaitu sebesar 3,608% dengan volume pelarut 250 ml , waktu ekstraksi 6 jam. Penggunaan aquades dalam metode microwave hydro-distilation tidak memberikan hasil yang maksimal jika dibandingkan metode konventional ekstraksi soxhlet dengan pelarut n-heksan.Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits in the field of industry and health. Alternative methods are needed to optimize the quality and quantity of essential oils produced because conventional methods have many disadvantages. This study aims to compare the results of essential oils from conventional extraction processes using Soxhlet and Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction. The study was conducted using cardamom seed powder weighing 40 grams which had been separated from the impurities. In the Soxhlet extraction method, n-hexane is used as a solvent, while in the Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction method uses aquadest as the solvent. The results showed that the highest percent yield was obtained when using the Soxhlet extraction method which was 3.608% with a volume of solvent of 250 ml, extraction time of 6 hours. The use of distilled water in the microwave hydro-distillation method does not give maximum results when compared to the conventional method of extracting Soxhlet with n-hexane solvent.

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Experiment Study on Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction of Protein Components from Sika Deer Pilose Antler

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1841 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 1841-1844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Jing Guo ◽

Guo Jun Yang ◽

Yong Ren Chen ◽

Shou Qin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Sika Deer ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrahigh Pressure ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Pressure Extraction ◽

Protein Components

An Ultrahigh pressure extraction technique (UPET) is presented for the extraction of protein components from sika deer pilose antler. Various experimental conditions of the UPET process, such as extraction pressure (50-300 MPa), extraction time (0-10 min) and liquid/solid ratio (2-10 mL•g−1), were investigated to optimize the extraction process. The content of protein components in pilose antler extract by UPET for 4 min was higher than those using ultrasonic extraction (UE) for 30 min, heat reflux extraction (RE) for 12 h and soaking extraction (SE) at room temperature for 24 h respectively. From the viewpoints of extraction time, the proteins content in pilose antler extract and energy consumption in the extraction process, UPET was more effective than the conventional extraction methods studied.

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COMPARISON STUDY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM ETLINGERA ELATIOR (TORCH GINGER) BY USING SOXLET EXTRACTION

Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology ◽

10.15282/jceib.v1i1.3737 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Nur Fathin Amirah Shafie ◽

Asdarina Yahya ◽

Fazlena Hamzah

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Optimum Yield ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Etlingera Elatior

Significance of essential oils from Etlingera elatior (E. elatior) are growing these days and have prospective to embrace great export in future, yet the quantity of the essential oil extracted does not extant in decent rate. Therefore the purpose of this research is to determine the optimum yield of the E. elatior essential oil. The E. elatior were prepared in two conditions which are normal (fresh) and dry grinded sample. The extraction of normal and dry grinded E. elatior was conducted using Soxhlet extraction with methanol as a solvent. The extraction process was conducted at different extraction time (2, 4, 6 hours). The study indicated that the dry grinded E. elatior produced a higher yield of essential oil as compared to normal grinded E. elatior. The yield of essential oil obtained from dry grinded E. elatior was 71.44% while with normal grinded E. elatior, the yield was 56.42%. The effect of extraction time towards yield of essential oil shown that prolong extraction up to 6 hours gave a higher yield of E. elatior essential oil. The constituents in the E. elatior essential oil were determined and quantified using GC-MS analysis. The analysis indicated that the E. elatior essential consist of 2-Furaldehyde, 5- methyl, 3-Methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione, Maple lactone, Furan-2,5-dial, Pyranone and 5-Hydroxymethyl furaldehyde.

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Extraction of Kaempferitrin and Astragalin from Justicia Spicigera by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Its Comparison with Conventional Extraction

Journal of Food Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32732/jfet.2021.10.2.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Sandro Cid-Ortega ◽

José Alberto Monroy-Rivera ◽

Óscar González-Ríos

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Dry Powder ◽

Solvent Flow Rate ◽

Conventional Extraction ◽

Solvent Flow

A study of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of kaempferitrin (KM) and astragalin (KG) from Justicia spicigera (muicle) was conducted. A 33 Box-Behnken design was used to analyze the effects of pressure (200-300 bar), temperature (40-60° C), and co-solvent flow rate (0.5-1.0 mL/min). The highest KM and KG concentration were achieved at a pressure of 300 bar, a temperature of 60° C, and co-solvent flow rate of 1.0 mL/min (ethanol 99.5 %), with a constant CO2 flow rate of 5 mL/min and extraction time of 180 min. Under these conditions, the experimental values for KM and KG (115.08±2.81 and 56.63±9.02 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) were similar to those calculated by the models (109.0 and 44.07 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively). The use of 70 % ethanol as co-solvent in the supercritical extraction process considerably improved the yields of KM and KG (562.71±156.85 and 79.90±18.03 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) compared to the 99.5 % ethanol extractions. The conventional extraction showed the highest yields of KM and KG (574.20±65.10 and 113.10±15.06 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) at 70° C and extraction time of 120 min. Adequate yields were achieved of KM and KG by supercritical fluid extraction compared with conventional extraction (98 and 70 %, respectively); therefore supercritical fluid extract of J. spicigera could be used in the development of functional foods, as well as its possible use in traditional medicine by the health professionals.

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