scholarly journals The impact of the shadow economy on the country’s financial security

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 07005
Author(s):  
Oleg Meleshko ◽  
Nataliia Prokopenko ◽  
Olena Gudz
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Integral Measure ◽  
Matrix Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Paired Correlation

The article is devoted to determining the features of the shadow economy's impact on financial security. For this purpose the following are carried out: generalization of calculation indicators in the shadow economy; influence assessment level of the shadow economy on the volume of gross domestic product (further-GDP); based matrix paired correlation coefficients integral indicator of financial security and factors of shadow economy by various methods; conducted surveillance on the dynamics of the integral index of financial security and the level of the shadow economy, calculated using monetary means and integral measure of financial security of cash in UAH and the dollar; investigated the interconnection statistical indicators and indicators of financial security dynamics of cash in the economy; evaluated the safety performance of non-banking financial market and the volume of cash in dollar terms in dynamics; Then a matrix construction paired correlation coefficients tax rate component of financial security and the coefficients of the shadow economy, estimated by different methodological approaches; monitored security tax rate and share of loss-making enterprises and statistical significance is estimated regression equation pair of security and tax number of unprofitable enterprises.

scholarly journals Impacts of Aerosol Loading in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region Based on MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Shantikumar S. Ningombam ◽  
Umesh Chandra Dumka ◽  
Sivasamy Kalamani Mugil ◽  
Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ◽  
Rakesh K. Hooda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of climate change have severely affected geosphere, biosphere and cryosphere ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The impact has been accelerating further during the last few decades due to rapid increase in anthropogenic activities such as modernization, industrialization and urbanization, along with energy demands. In view of this, the present work attempts to examine aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the HKH region using the long-term homogeneous MERRA-2 reanalysis data from January, 1980 to December, 2020. The AOD trends are examined statistically with student’s t-test (t). Due to a vast landmass, fragile topography and harsh climatic conditions, we categorized the HKH region into three sub-regions, namely, the northwestern and Karakoram (HKH1), the Central (HKH2) and the southeastern Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HKH3). Among the sub-regions, the significant enhancement of AOD is observed at several potential sites in the HKH2 region, namely, Pokhara, Nainital, Shimla and Dehradun by 55.75 × 10−4 ± 3.76 × 10−4, 53.15 × 10−4 ± 3.94 × 10−4, 51.53 × 10−4 ± 4.99 × 10−4 and 39.16 × 10−4 ± 4.08 × 10−4 AOD year−1 (550 nm), respectively, with correlation coefficients (Rs) of 0.86 to 0.93. However, at a sub-regional scale, HKH1, HKH2 and HKH3 exhibit 23.33 × 10−4 ± 2.28 × 10−4, 32.20 × 10−4 ± 2.58 × 10−4 and 9.48 × 10−4 ± 1.21 × 10−4 AOD year−1, respectively. The estimated trends are statistically significant (t > 7.0) with R from 0.81 to 0.91. Seasonally, the present study also shows strong positive AOD trends at several potential sites located in the HKH2 region, such as Pokhara, Nainital, Shimla and Dehradun, with minimum 19.81 × 10−4 ± 3.38 × 10−4 to maximum 72.95 × 10−4 ± 4.89 × 10−4 AOD year−1 with statistical significance. In addition, there are also increasing AOD trends at all the high-altitude background sites in all seasons.

scholarly journals DETERMINING THE RELATION BETWEEN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND COMPANIES SOLVENCY FACTORS IN THE POST – CRISIS PERIOD

Ekonomika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-80
Author(s):  
Deimena Kiyak ◽  
Linara Pranckevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Impact

In scientific literature, there aren’t clearly enough formulated reasons behind causing the solvency component elements changes that would help all companies to prepare for possible insolvency changes. Methods of analysis evaluate following variables: corporate income flows, liabilities amounts, short-term and long-term changes in assets, capital amount, their relative indicators. However, little attention is given to external environmental factors affecting the development of these indicators. The aim of this research is to establish the impact of business environmental factors for companies’ solvency indicators. The business environmental impact assessment seeks to determine just the external – macroeconomic business environment influence for companies’ solvency changes. After identifying the key changes of business environment factors and basic companies’ solvency trends, variables were calculated the dependency was expressed in Pearson correlation coefficients. The evaluation of environmental factors, the main solvency indicators in the sector of warehousing and transport services companies and of the correlation relation determined a statistically significant relationship between companies’ solvency and gross domestic product, inflation, the tax burden, shadow economy, corruption control, number of companies in the sector and interest rate changes. The study identified following dependencies: interest rates, the growth of inflation reduces the debt-to equity ratio, the decrease of the extent of shadow economy and the growth of corruption control increases companies’ debt ratio value, an increased number of companies reduces companies’ debt ratio values. The received statistical relationships and their evaluation of the reliability confirmed the study hypothesis about the statistical significance of the business environment economic factor effect for companies’ solvency changes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Electronic games on the intelligence of the Students of First Episode in Omdurman Topical  (Experimental study for Basic stage in Khartoum state): أثر برنامج الألعاب الإلكترونية على ذكاء تلاميذ الحلقة الأولى بمحلية امدرمان (دراسة تجريبية بمرحلة الأساس ولاية الخرطوم)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Ahmed Bashora Abuelgasem, Bakhita Mohmed Zain Mohmed
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
First Episode ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Electronic Games ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Schools ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The aim of this study was to know the effect of electronic games programs on the level of intelligence for the first episode students in Khartoum State. To achieve this goal, the researchers used the semi- experimental, one- group approach, and both tribal and post- test. The original study population included 450 students, the study sample was randomly selected. It consisted of (27) students of the first seminar in the Al- Qabas primary school in Omdurman. The students ranged in age from (6- 9) years. The tools of the study in the standard of the intelligence of John- Raven stained color on the Sudanese environment Mehd Al- Mutawakil and others (2006), the researchers applied the study tools before the program, and after apply its continued month during the academic year (2017/2018), Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) some statistical indicators were selected such as arithmetical mean and percentage, Mann- Tenni test, ETA square test, first- order variance analysis Crosscall- Wales, and T test. The study obtain the following results: There were statistically significant differences after the implementation of the electronic games program to improve the IQ of the students of the first class first episode in the Omdurman topical- Khartoum State, for the benefit of post- application, there are differences of statistical significance in the effectiveness of the electronic games program in improving the intelligence of the sample for the benefit of students in the first and second class, based on this, the researchers presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: generalization the program on the Khartoum state schools to develop the intelligence of the children of the first episode and encourage the use of electronic games in the process of learning and develop their intelligence skills.

scholarly journals Determinants of the capital structure of TSL sector enterprises

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Janina Jędrzejczak-Gas
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Financial Liquidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

Summary Determinants of the capital structure of TSL (Transport, Spedition, Logistics) sector enterprises The capital structure has been of interest for researchers in the field of financial theory for over 60 years. However, literature surveys show that relatively few studies on the structure of capital and the factors shaping it can be applied to the TSL industry. The TSL (Transport, Spedition, Logistics) sector belongs to industries with a high development potential, both in the world and Poland. In order to meet the need for the diagnosis of the TSL industry in Poland, the research was undertaken to identify and examine the strength and direction of the impact of selected factors on the capital structure of enterprises in the TFL sector in Poland. The article consists of two parts. The first part explains the issues related to defining the concept of capital structure and includes identification of capital structure determinants based on the literature. The second part shows research methods, describes the sample, defines variables and presents results of the research. The enterprises listed on the NewConnect market were the subject of the research. It was to achieve the set goal that the correlation analysis and the linear regression method were used. Both correlation analysis and regression analysis have not confirmed the significance of all seven capital structure determinants. The correlation analysis has confirmed the significance of four determinants: asset structure, profitability, company size and financial liquidity. The regression analysis has also confirmed the statistical significance of the four determinants; these are: the structure of assets, size of the company, financial liquidity and the effective tax rate. The analysis of correlation shows that the level of indebtedness is positively correlated with the size of the enterprise and profitability, while negatively, with the structure of assets and financial liquidity. In turn, the regression analysis shows that the level of indebtedness is positively correlated only with one variable: the size of the enterprise, while negatively with the three variables: the structure of assets, financial liquidity and the effective tax rate.

scholarly journals Financial solvency of the regions of the Russian Arctic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Dyadik ◽  
◽  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Paired Correlation

The monograph is devoted to assessing the financial solvency of the regions of the Russian Arctic by means of correlation analysis aimed at studying the forms of communication between indicators that allow us to identify general and specific features of the financial development of regions. The work selected and analyzed statistical indicators that characterize directly or indirectly the financial solvency of the regions, calculated the correlations of these indicators, taking into account their dynamics over the past fifteen years. A matrix of correlation pairs was created, the most significant of them for assessing the financial solvency of the region were identified. Comparative analysis of paired correlation coefficients for the Arctic regions made it possible to assess the relationship between certain areas of their regional development. A comprehensive analysis of the financial solvency of the Arctic territories is presented, and based on the results obtained, trajectories of regional financial development are developed, considering background conditions. The results of the monograph are intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of regional finance and may be of interest to everyone who is interested in the problems of financial development, as well as to regional and federal authorities for forecasting and strategic planning of the development of the Arctic regions in conditions of limited financial resources.

scholarly journals Priority Threats to Financial Security in the conditions of the Modern Economy Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
A. Poltorak ◽  
◽  
M. Kazemyrchyk ◽  
A. Polishchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Objective Probability ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction. The shadow economy is one of the main threats to the financial security of the state. Strengthening Ukraine’s economy is impossible without reducing the level of shadowing. Official data show that at the beginning of 2020 more than a quarter of GDP is in the shadows, but the real level of shadowing, in our opinion, is much higher. Purpose. The aim of the article is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations of substantiation of priority threats to financial security in the conditions of transformation processes in the modern economy, clarification of the optimal method of calculating the shadow economy in Ukraine and monitoring the impact of the shadow sector on financial security of Ukraine. Results. It was found that the system of threats to the financial security of Ukraine includes trends, phenomena and factors that actually or potentially complicate or make it impossible to preserve national values ​​in the financial sphere and the realization of national interests of Ukraine. Threats to security conditions are considered as certain factors or factors that create a danger, namely the existing and objective probability of negative impact on a complex system. Our own view on the classification of factors influencing the level of financial security is presented. It is noted that most often the factors influencing the level of financial security are interrelated, causing cyclical poverty and a permanently low level of financial security. It is analyzed that today the level of the shadow economy is 25-50%. To create the necessary conditions for reducing the level of the shadow sector of Ukraine’s economy, it is necessary to carry out a number of tax reforms, transformations in the banking system (to increase non-cash transactions, create an open database of NBU and MFIs), anti-corruption measures and more. Systematizing the methodological approaches to the assessment of the shadow sector, it was found that the main methods of assessing the level of the shadow sector are: public expenditure – retail trade; electric; unprofitable enterprises; monetary; method of minimal shadow economy. Conclusions. It is proved that the level of financial security of the state decreases with increasing level of shadow economy. This is due to the reduction of the tax base and, consequently, to the reduction of tax revenues to the budgets of all levels. Keywords: financial security; financial security of the state; financial security of households; transformational economy; shadow economy.

scholarly journals FORECASTING THE VALUES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTORS IN A REGION (A CASE OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
A.A. Mukhin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Economic Growth Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired Correlation

The article deals with forecasting the values of economic growth factors in a region on the example of the Udmurt Republic. A statistically significant multiple linear regression equation (that explains the dynamics of the gross regional product from the signs-factors) is derived, a factorial forecast is developed and the results obtained are interpreted. Deflation method has been applied to eliminate the impact of price growth and GRP value has been calculated in 2007 prices. On the basis of multiple regression analysis, a matrix of paired correlation coefficients is calculated and informative factors of the model are selected. The significance of paired correlation coefficients is checked. The model is constructed in its natural form with informative factors only. The statistical significance of the regression coefficients is evaluated with the help of the Student's t -criterion, the quality of the equation is estimated through the average approximation error, which confirm the sufficiently high quality of the model. The predicted value of the result is calculated. It was found that if the current trends in the dynamics of these factors persist, we can expect the growth of real (physical volume) GRP over the period 2016-2020 by 26 % or 5.5 % annually, which meets the requirements of economic security of the region. The above information can be used to develop programs of regional economic development and design in the system of state and municipal administration.

scholarly journals Analysis of threats spread of Ukraine financial security in a pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Svitlana Onyshchenko ◽  
Oleksandra Maslii ◽  
Yevhenii Kalenichenko ◽  
Marіna Kotelevets
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
General System ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Theoretical principles of financial security and its place in the general system of the national economy were covered. It is noted that from the standpoint of the protective approach the key category of financial security is the threat, the source of which is the uncertainty caused by the properties of social phenomena and processes. The economic essence of threats was revealed and their impact on the financial security of business was characterized. The main destructive factors of the shadow economy and corruption on financial security were studied and the reasons for their spread in Ukraine were highlighted. Trends in the level of financial security in the context of comparing it with regulatory values were analyzed. It is proved that the global challenge to financial security of business and the state as a whole is the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a catalyst for real and potential threats with the maximum level of impact on the financial condition and financial results of business entities in modern conditions. Corruption and the shadow economy were considered according to different methodological approaches, as well as on the basis of correlation-regression analysis. The relationship between the impact of corruption and the shadow economy on the level of financial security of Ukraine has been determined. A high direct linear relationship between the levels of financial security of Ukraine and the shadow economy and corruption was detected. The impact of threats on the financial security of business in Ukraine in a pandemic was analyzed and assessed. It is proved that development of business and ensuring its target parameters of financial security in a crisis would minimize the negative impact of modern threats associated with quarantine restrictions. The priority directions of minimization of threats to financial security of business in the conditions of epidemic danger were defined. It is proved that adaptive management in the face of real threats can minimize financial risks for business and create a foundation for further business development in the post-crisis period, when the impact of the threat would be reduced.

Deshadowing the Economy as the Vector to Ensure Effective State Tax Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Anzhela Ya. Kuznetsova ◽  
Yuliia G. Humenna
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Key Indicators

The article is devoted to the study of the interconnection of tax policy indicators and the shadow economy in the complex interaction in the context of the country’s competitive tax system. Key indicators of tax policy implementation (total tax and contribution rates, number of taxes, time to administer taxes by economic entities) of Ukraine are compared with the countries of the European Union. The paper uses empirical correlation coefficients to determine the relationship between tax rates, tax revenues, and the level of economy shadowing, both for the Ukrainian economy and internationally. The dual role of the shadow economy in the use of the Laffer concept is substantiated. The key directions of the deshadowing policy of the economy of the country are identified. It will help to balance and increase the efficiency of the implementation of the mechanisms of taxation of economic entities. Keywords: shadowing of the economy; tax policy; tax rate; tax revenues; tax burden; Laffer concept.

The Effect of Taxation and Corruption on Firm Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Bich Le Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the impact of taxation and corruption on the growth of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. The study employed pooled OLS estimation and then instrument variables with fixed effect for the panel data of 1377 firms in Vietnam from 2005 to 2011. These data were obtained from the survey of the Central Institute for Economic Management and the Danish International Development Agency. The results show that both taxation and corruption are negatively associated with firm growth measured by firm sales adjusted according to the GDP deflator. A one-percentage point increase in the bribery rate is linked with a reduction of 16,883 percentage points in firm revenue, over four and a half times bigger than the effect of a one-percentage point increase in the tax rate. From the findings of this research, the author recommends the Vietnam government to lessen taxation on firms and that there should be an urgent revolution in anti-corruption policies as well as bureaucratic improvement in Vietnam.

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