Effect of Cow Dung Concentration and Microbial Count on The Formation of Biogas in A Horizontal Digester

Biogas is a renewable fuel that produced through a process of anaerobic fermentation of a mixture of cow dung and water. The process of formation of methane gas occurs in a digester reactor with a capacity of 3500 kg/batch during a certain fermentation time with the help of anaerobic bacteria. This research studied effect of the comparison of cow dung and water as well as the number of microbes added. The process of formation of biogas run at varying of cow dung with water and microbes added. Fermentation process was running 16 days by varying the variables. Furthermore, every four days observed, and recorded pressure in the digester, biogas product was analyzed its content of methane gas were formed. Relatively good results were taken on cow dung and water ratio of 1: 1 with the addition of microbes as much as 50 ppm with a time of fermentation for 12 (twelve) days produce biogas of 5.1 m 3/batch with contents of methane about 74 %, carbon dioxide 19 %, and residual gas of 7 %.

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DAN DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DENGAN METODA FERMENTASI DENGAN AKTIVATOR EM4

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v8i01.546 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 127-135

Author(s):

Hasmalina Nasution ◽

Henny D J ◽

Ulsanna Laira

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Quality Requirements ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Liquid organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer in a liquid preparation as apart or all of from organic compound such as plant, animal, and industry waste, solid or liquid phase Nutrients contained therein form of a solution that is so fine that is easily absorbed by plants, though the leaves or stems. Organic fertilizer is one of solution to recovery physical, chemical and biological soil mineral from harmful effect at synthetic fertilize. Liquid fertilizer is obtained from the fermentation process solid first and then proceed with the extraction and liquid anaerobic fermentation process.In the fermentation process, the role of microbes largely determine the resulting product.The aim of this study was to determine the potential of liquid waste out as a liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of leaves of Gliricidia plants with a variation of 200 gr and 400 gr to increase mocro and micro nutrients with EM4 bacteria activator by fermentation procces. Macro nutrients result show Nitrogen 1250,57 ppm, phosphorus 1626,51 ppm potasium 2987,45 ppm, C-organic 8550 ppm, the ratio of C/N 7, and micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn) C organic result Fe 57.99 ppm, Cu 0.30 ppm, Mn 2.83 ppm in the optimum fermentation time of 5 days with additional variations Gliricidia leaves 400 g. Macro nutrient of Organic fertilizer produced meets the quality requirements of the regulation which has set the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the amount of <2% or <20000, C organic ≥ 4% (40000 ppm), the ratio of C / N ≥ 4 ppm. Micro nutrients result do not meet the quality requirements of the agriculture minister No.28/Permentan/OT.140/2/2009. quality regulations for, and metal 100-1000 ppm.

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PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI CAMPURAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU DAN KOTORAN SAPI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GAS METHANE PADA PEMBANGKIT BIOGAS

JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) ◽

10.31884/jtt.v6i1.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Mohammad Nurhilal ◽

Purwiyanto Purwiyanto ◽

Galih Mustiko Aji

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Gas Content ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Methane Gas ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Methane Bacteria

Biogas is alternative energy produced from the anaerobic activity process of methane bacteria obtained by fermentation. Anaerobic activation is a sequence of microorganism processes breaking down biodegradable materials without oxygen. Biogas is mostly produced from cow dung and tofu industry waste that has the potential to contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). To reduce the content of (CO2) and (H2S) and to increase the element of methane gas, the purification process is needed to do. Purification can be carried out by absorption techniques using water, NaOH solution, and zeolite/silica gel. The purpose of this study is to examine the methane gas content of variations in the composition of cow dung and tofu liquid waste and the fermentation time. The method used was an experiment by varying the composition of cow dung and tofu liquid waste by 40%: 60%; 50%: 50%; and 60%: 40%, as well as variations in the fermentation time of120, 168 and 216 hours of fermentation. The results showed that the highest methane gas content in the composition of a mixture of cow dung and tofu liquid waste was 50:50 in 168 hours of fermentation which was equal to 2.806%. The content of methane gas was influenced by the fermentation time, the pH conditions in the digester, and the intensity of stirring the biogas material in the digester.

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Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergaji dan Limbah Media Tanam Jamur (Baglog) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biogas

Jurnal Kimia VALENSI ◽

10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dikdik Mulyadi ◽

Lela Mukmilah Yuningsih ◽

Desi Kusumawati

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Volume Measurement ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Total Volatile ◽

A Value ◽

Volatile Solids

Biogas is one of energy that can be produced by anaerobic fermentation of the organic compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the utilization of waste of media mushroom growth (baglog) with sawdust as raw material for biogas with cow dung activators. The study was conducted through anaerobic fermentation of the samples containing waste baglog (sample 1) and sawdust (sample 2), with the addition of cow manure activator to each sample. Both of these samples do anaerobic fermentation for 32 days, then measuring the volume of biogas every 4 days for 32 days. Methane content in samples 1 and 2 measured by using gas chromatography. To see the effect of the addition of activators cow dung biogas volume measurement was carried out with cow dung without addition baglog waste and sawdust. The process of degradation baglog and sawdust with an activator of cow dung could be observed in some of the parameters through total solids (TS), total volatile solids (TVS), volatile fatty acids (VFA), the degree of acidity (pH), and C/N ratio. The results showed that effectiveness of sample 1 resulted in the everage of total volume biogas 28% higher than sample 2. The content of methane in sample 1 and sampel 2 was 54% %, and 0.21% respectively. The fermentation process biogas production in this experiment was carried out at pH 7, with a value of TS, TVS and VFA showed a decrease trend after the fermentation process, C/N ratiowas lower than the baglog waste sawdust until day 32 retention time. Keywords: Sawdust, baglog waste, biogas, fermentation, methane DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3100

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Analysis of Potential Biogas Production from a Mixture of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Cow Dung

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131704031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 317 ◽

pp. 04031

Author(s):

Tiyo Agung Pambudi ◽

Hadiyanto ◽

Sri Widodo Agung Suedy

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Methane Production ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Palm Oil Mill

POME or palm oil mill effluent is currently still a waste problem that has not been utilized optimally. POME waste has the potential for renewable energy in the form of biogas, but some research results have shown that production is not optimal, so the addition of cow dung needs to be done to increase biogas production because methanogen bacteria found in cow dung help to maximize the anaerobic fermentation process and methane production. This research was conducted to determine the potential for biogas production from a mixture of POME and cow dung for 25 days by conducting a study of the biogas production process. The results of this study indicate that the biogas pressure increases with the addition of the loading rate, which is 101.102 N/m2/day to 101.107 N/m2/day with a daily biogas production of 0, 24247 liters/day with a total accumulation of biogas production for 25 days of 6.1 liters.

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Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate

ICONIET PROCEEDING ◽

10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Vincentius Vincentius ◽

Evita H. Legowo ◽

Irvan S. Kartawiria

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Alternative Source ◽

The Earth ◽

The One ◽

Wet Fermentation ◽

Water Ratio

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

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Effect of addition of anaerobic fermented OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) process: preliminary results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0078 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 327-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. Pavan ◽

P. Battistoni ◽

P. Traverso ◽

A. Musacco ◽

F. Cecchi

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Removal ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biological Nutrient Removal ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

P Release ◽

Pure Methanol ◽

P Removal

The paper presents results coming from experiments on pilot scale plants about the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of OFMSW as RBCOD source for BNR processes. The effluent from the anaerobic fermentation process, with an average content of 20 g/l of VFA+ lactic acid was added to wastewater to be treated in order to increase RBCOD content of about 60-70 mg/l. The results obtained in the BNR process through the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit are presented. Significant increase of denitrification rate was obtained: 0.06 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d were denitrified in the best operative conditions studied. -Vmax shows values close to those typical of the pure methanol addition (about 0.3 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d). A considerable P release (35%) was observed in the anaerobic step of the BNR process, even if not yet a completely developed P removal process.

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Effect of Oat β-Glucan on the Rheological Characteristics and Microstructure of Set-Type Yogurt

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26164752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (16) ◽

pp. 4752

Author(s):

Xiaoqing Qu ◽

Yuliya Nazarenko ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Yuanyang Nie ◽

Yongsheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Network Structure ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Spherical Aggregate ◽

Dimensional Network ◽

Solid Liquid

The oat β-glucan (OG) was added into set-type yogurt as a functional ingredient, in order to evaluate effects on the rheological characteristics and microstructure of set-type yogurt. When the OG concentration increased from 0 to 0.3%, the WHC gradually increased. At 0.3% OG, the set-type yogurt had the highest WHC of 94.67%. Additionally, the WHC continuously decreased, reaching the lowest WHC (about 80%) at 0.5% OG. When 0.3% OG was added, the highest score of sensory evaluation was about 85. The rheological result showed that the fermentation process went through the changes as follows: solid → liquid → solid → liquid. The addition of 0.3% OG decreased the fermentation time of set-type yogurt by about 16 min, making yogurt more inclined to be liquid. The acidity of set-type yogurt with OG was slightly higher. The result of microstructure showed that the addition of OG destroyed the three-dimensional network structure of yogurt, and some spherical aggregate particles could be clearly observed at 0.3% OG. Overall, this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of OG in set-type yogurt.

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POTENSI SUMBER BIOGAS BERBASIS TINJA PADA SUATU CLUSTER PERUMAHAN

Karst : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN FISIKA DAN TERAPANNYA ◽

10.46918/karst.v4i1.917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

As Zhu Ra ◽

Sudarti ◽

Yushardi

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Basic Material ◽

Septic Tank ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Human Waste ◽

Methane Gas ◽

The Future

Abstract: THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGAS SOURCES BASED ON REFERENCE IN A HOUSING CLUSTER. In the future there will be a shortage of fuel oil, as a result developed countries will begin to work on the management of use in replacing the problem of low fuel oil and shortage of LPJ gas in the future, one of which is to produce alternative energy using human waste as the basic material, usually called Bio- Gas / Bio-Fuel. However, the management system and processes still use septic tanks that absorb human waste. So the main material or human waste that can be made to generate alternative energy for general public needs, so that it is not wasted using existing disposal methods. This activity is an explanatory activity to describe the process of disposing of human waste in the process of the exhaust pipe equipment system for each house by accumulating it in the central disposal area for the fermentation process to produce methane gas which is converted into gas power to electricity. This invention is used to find out how to make biogas from human waste. The findings of the present invention show the addition of methane gas and a central septic-tank in several households. Key words: Energy, Alternative, Biogas, Human waste, Fermentation process, Biofuel Abstrak: Pada masa depan akan terjaddi kekurangan bahan bakar minyak, akibatnya wilayah negara maju memulai mengerjakan pengelolaan digunakan dalam menggantikan permasalahan sedikitnya BBM dan kekurangan gas LPJ pada masa depan nanti, salah satu yang dilakukan adalah memproduksi energi alternative dengan bahan dasar kotoran manusia biasanya dinamakan dengan Bio-Gas/Bio-Fuel. Akan tetapi, system pengelolaannya dan prosesnya masih menggunakan septik-tank yang meresap kotoran manusia. Jadi bahan utama atau limbah manusia yang sepatutnya dapat dibuat untuk penghasilan tenaga alternative untuk keperluan umum masyarakat, supaya tidak terbuang sia-sia menggunakan cara pembuangan yang ada. Kegiatan ini merupakan pada kegiatan eksplanatori berbuat untuk mendiskripsikan proses prosedur membuang kotoran manusia dalam proses system perlengkapan pipa pembuangan tiap-tiap rumah dengan dikomulatifkan di wardah pembuangan pusat untuk proses fermentasi untuk menghasilkan gas metana yang dirubah dalam tenaga gas ke listrik. Penemuan ini digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara membuat biogas dari kotoran manusia. Perolehan dari penemuan ini memperlihatkan penambahan gas metana dan sentral septik-tank pada beberapa rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Energi, Alternatif, Biogas, Kotoran manusia, Proses fermentasi, Biofuel

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PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: VII. FERMENTATION OF WHEAT BY AEROBACILLUS POLYMYXA UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr46f-001 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 24f (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. A. Adams

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Mechanical Agitation ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Aerobic Conditions ◽

Ethanol Formation ◽

Time Required ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Aeration by mechanical agitation of 15% wheat mash fermented by Aerobacillus polymyxa inhibited the formation of 2,3-butanediol and particularly of ethanol. Aeration of similar mashes by passage of finely dispersed air or oxygen at the rate of 333 ml. per minute per litre of mash increased the rate of formation and yield of 2,3-butanediol but inhibited ethanol formation. However, the over-all time required for the completion of fermentation was not shortened from the usual 72 to 96 hr. required for unaerated mashes. There was no evidence of a shift from fermentative to oxidative dissimilation. Under aerobic conditions, the final butanediol–ethanol ratio was approximately 3:1. Anaerobic conditions, as produced by the passage of nitrogen or hydrogen through the mash, increased the rate of formation of both butanediol and ethanol and shortened the fermentation time to about 48 hr. Under these conditions, the butanediol–ethanol ratio was reduced to about 1.3:1.0. Carbon dioxide gave a butanediol–ethanol ratio resembling that of anaerobic fermentation but did not reduce fermentation time.

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PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI KOTORAN SAPI DAN JERAMI PADI DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN BIOAKTIVATOR M-DEC

Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ◽

10.31942/inteka.v5i1.3399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Shobib

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Organic Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Aerobic Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Time

Cow manure can be used for making organic fertilizer because it contains nutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Rice straw has a high C-Organic content. Adding straw compost will increase soil organic matter content. The study aims to determine the fermentation process that occurs so as to produce organic fertilize, know the effect of fermentation time and the effect of the composition of raw materials for cow manure and rice straw on the process of making organic fertilizer to the content of organic fertilizer according to SNI 7603 : 2018. The method use by aerobic fermentation is by mixing cow manure and rice straw and M-Dec bioactivators by comparison 3 : 1, 2 : 2,1 : 3 and fermentation time 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The parameters tested are C-organic, Nitrogen (N), C/N ratio, Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). The best quality organic fertilizer in the treatment of cow manure : rice straw with a ratio of 2 : 2 on the 28th day fermentation process namely C-organic content 34,63 %, C/N ratio is 25, macro nutrient content N+P2O5+K2O of 3,14 % that has met SNI 7763 : 2018. Keyword: M-Dec bioactivator, aerobic fermentation, cow manure, rice straw, C/N ratio

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