Chemical manipulation of Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg disease) pseudothecial development and timing of ascospore discharge from canola (Brassica napus) residues

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wherrett ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
M. J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Ascospore Discharge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Disease Pressure

A study was carried out to establish key developmental stages of Leptosphaeria maculans on canola residues leading up to ascospore discharge and how these stages could be affected by chemicals. The residues were dipped in a range of chemicals, including fungicides, herbicides, and surfactants, to determine possible manipulative effects of the chemicals on the development of the fungus including ascospore discharge. Treated residues were placed in the field during the growing season. Ascospore discharge was found to be closely related to pseudothecial maturity and density. There was no significant difference between pseudothecial maturation on the crown component compared with the stem component. A high correlation between rainfall and pseudothecial density suggested that rainfall was a good complimentary indicator for timing of ascospore discharge. These results may provide the canola industry with a potential method of monitoring pseudothecial development for estimating disease hazards. This would allow manipulation of sowing times so as to minimise or avoid heavy ascospore showers coinciding with the early seedling phase. Twenty chemical treatments showed significant efficacy in decreasing ascospore numbers early in the season, most often by delaying the development of the pseudothecia on the residues. Two scenarios were formulated giving growers the potential to manipulate pseudothecial development and/or ascospore discharge. Firstly, a number of chemicals, such as fluquinconazole, technical grade flutriafol, and gluphosinate-ammonium, were able to delay pseudothecial development and subsequent ascospore discharge was decreased by 100%, 99%, and 96%, respectively. This scenario gives growers the potential to minimise synchronisation of ascospore discharge with early crop establishment. Secondly, a situation where pseudothecial development is not delayed, but number of ascospores discharged is reduced (e.g. ziram by 45%) would only be effective if the reduction resulted in a less severe disease epidemic. There is significant potential for development of commercial chemical treatments of residues to reduce disease pressure on seedlings.

Maximum Temperature Through a Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Stringer ◽  
Sarah Malley ◽  
Darrell M. Hutto ◽  
Jason A. Griggs ◽  
Susana M. Salazar Marocho
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Power Setting ◽  
Group A

Background: The most common approach to remove yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fixed-dental prostheses (FDPs) is by means of diamond burs attached to a high-speed handpiece. This process is time-consuming and destructive. The use of lasers over mechanical instrumentation for removal of FDPs can lead to efficient and predictable restoration retrievability. However, the heat produced might damage the tooth pulp (>42˚C). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum temperature (T) reached during the use of different settings of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet Er,Cr:YSGG laser through a YSZ ceramic. Methods: YSZ slices (1 mm thick) were assigned into 7 groups. For the control group, a diamond bur was used to cut a 1 mm groove into the YSZ slices. For the 6 experimental groups, the laser was operated at a constant combination of 33% water and 66% air during 30 s with two different power settings (W) at three frequencies (PPS), as follows (W/PPS): 2.5/20, 2.5/30, 2.5/45, 4.5/20, 4.5/30, 4.5/45. The T through the YSZ slice was recorded in degrees Celsius by using a digital thermometer with a K thermocouple. Results: The median T of the control group was 26.5˚C. The use of 4.5 W resulted in the median T (˚C) of 44.2 at 20 PPS, 53.3 at 30 PPS, and 58.9 at 45 PPS, while 2.5 W showed 34.6, 31.6, and 25.0 at 20, 30, and 45 PPS, respectively. KruskalWallis one-way ANOVA showed that within each power setting, the T was similar. The high power and lowest frequency (4.5/20) showed no significant difference from the 2.5 W settings and the control group. Conclusion: The lower power setting (2.5 W) is a potential method for the use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser to debond YSZ structures. The higher power (4.5 W) with high frequencies (30 and 45 PPS) is unsuitable.

scholarly journals The Initial Course of IL1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α with Regard to Severity Grade in Acute Pancreatitis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Hanna Sternby ◽  
Hannes Hartman ◽  
Henrik Thorlacius ◽  
Sara Regnér
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ifn Γ

Clinical reports on early immune dysregulation in acute pancreatitis (AP) are scarce. Herein we investigate the initial temporal development of selected biomarkers. Blood samples were taken at 0–24 and 25–48 h after onsets of AP were acquired. Mean values and temporal intermediate difference (delta-values) of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α were calculated. Differences between severity groups, predictive capacity of the biomarkers and association with severe disease were analyzed. Paired comparison of samples (n = 115) taken at 0–24 and 25–48 h after onsets of AP showed a change over time for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 (p < 0.05) and a significant difference between severity groups after 24 h. In ROC-analysis an IL-6 cut-off level of 196.6 pg/mL could differentiate severe AP (sensitivity 81.9, specificity 91.3). The delta-values of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly associated with severe outcomes (odds ratios 1.085 and 1.002, respectively). Data of this work demonstrate a distinct change in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-6 over the first 48 h after onset of AP. The temporal development of biomarkers can assist in the early stratification of the disease. Herein IL-1β and IL-6 were associated with severe disease, however the prognostic capacity of investigated biomarkers is low.

Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bajji ◽  
Jean-Marie Kinet ◽  
Stanley Lutts
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Ionic Effects ◽  
Higher Doses

The effects of salt and osmotic stresses on the germination processes in seeds of the perennial halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. were compared using iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl and mannitol. The lowest stress intensity delayed germination, while higher doses of NaCl and mannitol reduced final germination percentages. No significant difference occurred between the effects of these solutes on germination percentages or seedling dry weights. At an external osmotic potential of –0.7 MPa, however, the water content of mannitol-treated seedlings was reduced compared to that of seedlings that developed from NaCl-exposed seeds. The K, Mg, and Pi content decreased in seedlings that developed from mannitol-treated seeds while calcium concentration was strongly reduced in those arising from NaCl-treated seeds. Inhibited seeds were able to germinate at levels similar to those of the control after rinsing in deionized water and imbibition in control conditions. Seedlings produced from NaCl pre-treated seeds had a lower Ca and a higher Na content than control seedlings. The effect of salinity on the germination phase of development is mainly due to its osmotic component, and inhibition of germination is reversible. Both salt and osmotic stresses may have an impact on the mobilization of minerals from the seeds to the young seedling, but this effect does not have any consequence on growth processes analysed on a short-term basis.Key words: Atriplex halimus, halophyte, osmotic stress, recovery of seed germination, salinity.

Azole-resistant and -susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus isolates show comparable fitness and azole treatment outcome in immunocompetent mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-710
Author(s):  
Michaela Lackner ◽  
Günter Rambach ◽  
Emina Jukic ◽  
Bettina Sartori ◽  
Josef Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice

Abstract No data are available on the in vivo impact of infections with in vitro azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompetent hosts. Here, the aim was to investigate fungal fitness and treatment response in immunocompetent mice infected with A. fumigatus (parental strain [ps]) and isogenic mutants carrying either the mutation M220K or G54W (cyp51A). The efficacy of itraconazole (ITC) and posaconazole (PSC) was investigated in mice, intravenously challenged either with a single or a combination of ps and mutants (6 × 105 conidia/mouse). Organ fungal burden and clinical parameters were measured. In coinfection models, no fitness advantage was observed for the ps strain when compared to the mutants (M220K and G54W) independent of the presence or absence of azole-treatment. For G54W, M220K, and the ps, no statistically significant difference in ITC and PSC treatment was observed in respect to fungal kidney burden. However, clinical parameters suggest that in particular the azole-resistant strain carrying the mutation G54W caused a more severe disease than the ps strain. Mice infected with G54W showed a significant decline in body weight and lymphocyte counts, while spleen/body weight ratio and granulocyte counts were increased. In immunocompetent mice, in vitro azole-resistance did not translate into therapeutic failure by either ITC or PSC; the immune system appears to play the key role in clearing the infection.

scholarly journals Stalk Rot Fungi Affect Leaf Greenness (SPAD) of Grain Sorghum in a Genotype- and Growth-Stage-Specific Manner

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2062-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. A. Y. Bandara ◽  
D. K. Weerasooriya ◽  
T. T. Tesso ◽  
C. R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Spad Readings

Stalk rots are among the most prevalent and destructive sorghum diseases worldwide. Although experimental evidence is limited, delayed postflowering senescence due to the staygreen trait is accepted as a physiological means of stalk rot resistance. Staygreen has been shown to be correlated with chlorophyll content (as measured by a soil and plant analytical development [SPAD] meter). Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot on SPAD readings at three developmental stages, to test whether staygreen genotypes are more resilient to stalk-rot-mediated chlorophyll degradation, and to examine the relationships between SPAD and stalk rot resistance and tolerance when plants were inoculated with causal organisms. Staygreen and nonstaygreen lines (two) and hybrids (two) established in the field were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, and Macrophomina phaseolina at 14 days after flowering. SPAD readings were obtained at soft-dough, hard-dough, and physiological maturity. Most pathogens significantly reduced the SPAD of the genotypes over the mock-inoculated control at three developmental stages. The stalk-rot-resistant and staygreen check line, SC599, showed a remarkable feature of negative senescence from soft dough to physiological maturity under disease pressure. Disease severity was significantly and negatively correlated with SPAD at all developmental stages, revealing the potential impact of the staygreen trait on stalk rot resistance. The difference between control and pathogen-treated total seed weight per panicle (i.e., tolerance) was significantly and positively correlated with the difference between control and pathogen-treated SPAD at physiological maturity, demonstrating the ability of staygreen trait to enhance stalk rot tolerance under disease pressure.

scholarly journals Capture efficiency for small dominant mesozooplankters (Copepoda, Appendicularia) off Buenos Aires Province (34ºS-41ºS), Argentine Sea, using two plankton mesh sizes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Di Mauro ◽  
Fabiana Capitanio ◽  
María Delia Viñas
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Oikopleura Dioica ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Argentine Sea ◽  
Significant Difference

Two plankton mesh sizes of 67 µm and 220 µm were compared to evaluate their efficiency in the capture of the smallest copepods and appendicularians present in the Buenos Aires coastal area (Argentine Sea). A total of 12 copepod species and one appendicularian species were recorded in this study. The copepods were separated into 4 groups: harpacticoids, cyclopoids, small calanoids and large calanoids and their developmental stages. Among the cyclopoids, Oithona nana was the most abundant species, being 96.29 % underestimated by the 220 µm mesh, whereas Microsetella norvegica dominated the harpacticoids and was captured exclusively by the smaller mesh. Similar results were found for copepodites I-III of small calanoids, whose net sampled underestimation reached 99.70%. On the other hand, no significant difference between meshes was found for adults and copepodites IV-V of small calanoids or any of the developmental stages of large calanoids. A great loss of biomass was observed for O. nana when applying the larger mesh. In regards to the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica, all size ranges below 1,000 µm length were better estimated by the 67 µm mesh in terms of abundance and biomass. Our results clearly show that the 67 µm mesh was more efficient in the capture of early stages of small copepods thus providing a more accurate estimation of the fish larvae prey field.

scholarly journals L-DOPA Trends in Different Tissues at Early Stages of Vicia faba Growth: Effect of Tyrosine Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Oviedo-Silva ◽  
Mhartyn Elso-Freudenberg ◽  
Mario Aranda-Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Nonprotein Amino Acid ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Different Tissues

The nonprotein amino acid Levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has insecticidal, allelochemical, and antiparkinsonian effects. The aim of this research was to assess L-DOPA content in different tissues of Vicia faba (cv. Super Agua Dulce), and to verify if treatment with the phenolic amino acid L-4-hydroxyphenylalanine (tyrosine) had an effect on such content. Under light germination, control and tyrosine-treated early seedling stages of V. faba were studied and L-DOPA was quantified spectrophotometrically (Arnow’s method) and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), as well. Additionally, tyrosinase (TYROX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities (considered markers of a phenolic compounds metabolism) were quantified as germination proceeded. Different organs (roots, sprouts, and seeds) and different developmental stages were considered. Steady high L-DOPA concentrations were found in untreated sprouts and roots compared to seeds, as time progressed. While TYROX activity was not detected in these experiments, GPX had diverse trends. In control tissues, GPX increased in seed tissue as germination progressed, whereas in roots and sprouts, a decreasing GPX activity was observed. Tyrosine exposure decreased L-DOPA content, and decreased or did not change GPX activity (depending on the organ). Both Arnow’s and HPTLC methods were consistent in terms of tendencies, except for the scarce contents found in seeds, in which HPTLC was more sensitive. The richest source of L-DOPA was found in shoots (untreated), reaching as high as 125 mg g−1 DW (12% in DW) (the highest content reported in fava bean seedlings until now), whereas the smallest L-DOPA content was found in seeds. The importance of light germination conditions is discussed in terms of L-DOPA yield and from a physiological perspective. It is concluded that V. faba (cv. Super Agua Dulce) shoots are a good source of L-DOPA and that tyrosine addition (0.55 mM) decreases L-DOPA content in actively growing tissues (shoots and roots).

scholarly journals P488 The COVID19 pandemic impact on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Management in a Romanian Tertiary Gastroenterology Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S474-S475
Author(s):  
R Costache ◽  
R Iacob ◽  
R Vadan ◽  
T Stroie ◽  
L Gheorghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The IBD patients management has been challenging during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, due to lockdowns, limitation of access to medical facilities and new recommendations regarding patient management. The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on IBD patient’s management were assessed in our Tertiary Gastroenterology Centre in Bucharest, Romania. Methods Using the hospital’s medical system, records of IBD patients admitted between 15th of March and 15th of August 2020 have been retrospectively reviewed and compared to a control cohort of consecutive IBD patients admitted to our unit during the corresponding period of 2019, registering the epidemiological features, patient management and the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Results 410 individual IBD cases were managed in our unit in 2020 compared to 532 in 2019, with a significant shift towards one-day hospitalization: 1059 admissions (9% ward hospitalizations, 91% one-day hospitalizations) compared to 1327 cases in the corresponding period of 2019 (17.8% ward hospitalizations, 82.2% one day hospitalizations). There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of patient’s gender, IBD phenotype or newly diagnosed IBD cases between the two periods. A significantly lower proportion of admitted patients received 5-aminosalicylic acid (29% vs. 41.2%, p=0.0001), whereas a substantially higher number pf patients were prescribed biological therapy in 2020 in comparison to the corresponding 2019-time frame (79.5% vs 57.9%, p&lt;0.0001). The distribution of the biological agent used was significantly different, mainly due to the increase of vedolizumab prescription in 2020 (p&lt;0.0001). Among the newly diagnosed cases 50.0% had a severe disease requiring a biological agent (vs 30.2% in 2019, p&gt;0.05). Moreover, from our previously diagnosed patients, 7.1% needed the initiation of biological therapy due to disease flare-up (vs. 4.3% in 2019, p=0.003). During the study period in 2020, seven IBD patients (1.7%) were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection, all of them with mild symptoms without impact on the IBD course. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic led to reorganizing medical care, restricting the hospital admissions in favour of severe IBD cases, favouring telemedicine for mild disease and optimization of treatment for moderate to severe IBD with an increased use of biologicals aimed to maximize the risk/benefit ratio. Incidence of SARS-Cov2 infection during the first wave of COVID-19 infection in our study group was 1.7% and did not adversely impact the IBD disease course.

scholarly journals Influence of Parenting Styles and Developmental Stages on Identity Formation among Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rezvan ◽  
H. M. Ramakrishne Gowda ◽  
Lancy D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Significant Difference

Paternal attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that appear as family pattern or parenting styles play a key role in personality development and stabilizing the identity of adolescents. The present study assesses parenting styles and identity formation status of adolescents studying in and around Mysore city. A total of 400 adolescents (200 early and 200 late adolescents) were randomly selected covering Mysore city and nearby rural areas, of which equal number among were male and female adolescents and also equal number of them were from urban and rural areas. They were provided with Parental authority questionnaire (PAQ) developed by Buri (1991) and Aspects of Identity Questionnaire – IV (AIQ – IV) developed by Sampson (1978). PAQ measured perceived parenting styles. The AIQ scale measured personal, Relational Social and Collective areas of identity formation. The collected data were, coded and analyzed using SPSS software. The data was analyzed by Two-way ANOVA to find significant difference if any, in the developmental stages, area of living as well as gender of the participants. Results revealed that, adolescents with authoritarian Parenting styles had higher personal identity formation than adolescents with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. Developmental stage showed significant influence on all components of identity-Personal, Relational, Social and Collective, where in early stage adolescents had higher identity than adolescents at later stage. In general, this study showed that the developmental stages had considerable effect on the collective identity formation in both early and late adolescents.

scholarly journals Associations Between the Use of Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors and the Risks of Severe COVID-19 and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients With Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ce Dai ◽  
Zhuo-Yu An ◽  
Zi-Yang Wang ◽  
Zi-Zhen Wang ◽  
Yi-Ren Wang
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Impact

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) share a target receptor with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The use of ACEIs/ARBs may cause angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor upregulation, facilitating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. There is concern that the use of ACEIs/ARBs could increase the risks of severe COVID-19 and mortality. The impact of discontinuing these drugs in patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between the use of ACEIs/ARBs and the risks of mortality and severe disease in patients with COVID-19. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MedRxiv.org from December 1, 2019, to June 20, 2020. We also identified additional citations by manually searching the reference lists of eligible articles. Forty-two observational studies including 63,893 participants were included. We found that the use of ACEIs/ARBs was not significantly associated with a reduction in the relative risk of all-cause mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.75–1.00; I2 = 57%, p = 0.05]. We found no significant reduction in the risk of severe disease in the ACEI subgroup (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.88–1.02, I2 = 50%, p = 0.18), the ARB subgroup (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.94–1.13, I2 = 62%, p = 0.48), or the ACEI/ARB subgroup (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.65–1.08, I2 = 67%, p = 0.16). Moreover, seven studies showed no significant difference in the duration of hospitalization between the two groups (mean difference = 0.33, 95% CI = −1.75 to 2.40, p = 0.76). In conclusion, the use of ACEIs/ARBs appears to not have a significant effect on mortality, disease severity, or duration of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. On the basis of the findings of this meta-analysis, there is no support for the cessation of treatment with ACEIs or ARBs in patients with COVID-19.

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