Use of varying combinations of energy and protein sources as supplementary feed for lambing ewes grazing cereal stubble

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Brand ◽  
F. Franck ◽  
A. Durand ◽  
J. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

Summary. Three feeding trials compared production of lambing ewes grazing stubbles and fed different combinations of energy and protein supplements as loose licks. Each experiment had 2 treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Experiment 1 compared urea (12.5 g/ewe. day) with fish meal (100 g/ewe. day) when fed with molasses (100 g/ewe. day) for 38 days during late pregnancy. Fish meal increased liveweight gain (from 2.0 to 5.7 kg) and wool growth (20%) but urea had no effect. In experiment 2, urea (12.5 g/ewe. day) was fed in combination with molasses (200 g/ewe. day) or barley meal (200 g/ewe. day) for 63 days during late pregnancy (last 6 weeks) and early lactation. Ewes supplemented with the barley–urea combination gained 5.6 kg during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy compared with 0.40 kg for barley and the 1.02 and 1.34 kg weight loss for ewes receiving molasses and the molasses–urea combination, respectively. Experiment 3 compared urea (12.5 g/ewe. day) with sweet lupin meal (106 g/ewe. day) when fed with barley meal (200 g/ewe. day) for 56 days during late pregnancy (last 4 weeks) and lactation. Sweet lupin meal improved the liveweight change of ewes during pregnancy (from 160 to 200 g/ewe. day) as well as the birth weight of lambs (400 g) but urea had no effect. The performance of lambing ewes grazing low-quality pasture at a high stocking density (>4.5 ewes/ha) for a long period (>130 days) can be improved by relatively low amounts of supplements such as fish meal, sweet lupin meal and barley–urea.

Whey Disposal: Recovery of Nutrients for Animal Feeding

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Guirguis ◽  
C. Brosnahan ◽  
M. W. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

It has been estimated that over 50% of whey production world wide constitutes a pollution problem to the environment. A proportion of the work carried out to make use of whey nutrients has not been commercially viable. A simple process has been developed, at the laboratory and pilot plant scales, resulting in a complete recovery of nutrients from whole whey or whey fractions for animal feeding and no further waste or effluent is generated. The economics of the proposed process rely on efficient use of inexpensive ingredients (or waste materials, from other agricultural sources) to overcome the high cost of dewatering and drying. Using this approach a number of products are possible. In the first product bentonite is used to precipitate whey protein which can be processed into a dry protein concentrate for use in intensive animal, poultry or fish production. This product compares favourably with conventional protein supplements such as meat and bone, soybean, or fish meal. The deproteinised whey, (mainly lactose and minerals) arising from this process, is concentrated and mixed with a carrier to produce a second product for ruminants that can compete with hay or grains. Further, whole whey may be used in a similar process. Animal feeding trials with sheep and dairy cattle have demonstrated advantages of the developed whey products over conventional feed supplements for wool growth, live sheep export or milk production.

scholarly journals Evaluation Trial on Production Performance of Freshwater Mud Eel (Monopterus cuchia) in Farmer’s Pond

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Parvez Chowdhury ◽  
A. F. M. Shofiquzzoha ◽  
Anuradha Bhadra
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Evaluation Trial ◽  
Supplementary Feed

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the production performance of freshwater mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) with supplementary feed for a period of 5 months in field level. Two ponds were selected for this experiment in Maulovibazar district. Baby cuchia having weight of 50-70 g were stocked in ponds at a stocking density of 10/m2 in filter net. Liming (CaO) was done in all the ponds at rate of 250 kg/ha. A safety shelter for cuchia was developed by installing bamboo root, plastic and bamboo-made hollow pipe, aquatic vegetation and necessary objects in the pond. Different physico-chemical parameters were found to be within the acceptable ranges for M. cuchia culture in all ponds. Supplementary feed composed of fish paste (50%), fish meal (40%), rice bran (5%) and wheat flour (5%) was applied at the rate of 2-3% of body weight. After 5 months of rearing, total production obtained were 28.3±1.09 and 31.9±2.56 kg from pond-1 and pond-2, respectively. The highest production was obtained from pond-2 and lowest production was obtained in pond-1. The net profit gained from pond-1 and pond-2 were tk 2559 and 3211 per decimal, respectively.

Use of wool growth response to estimate escape of protein supplements from the rumen

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Neutze
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Wool growth response to formaldehyde-treated (HCHO) casein was used as an index of protein escaping degradation in the rumen. Merino wethers, 3 years old and weighing 41-49 kg, were given a basal diet of oat husks and urea, supplemented with HCHO-treated casein or 1 of 10 protein supplements. All sheep were given DL-methionine 2.4 g. Wool growth indices (%) were casein 10, linseed oilmeal 82, sunflower oilmeal 84, groundnut oilmeal 68, fish meal 113, lupins 83, peas 29, cottonseed meal 83, soyabean meal 73, HCHO-sunflower oilmeal 83 and HCHO-casein 100%. It was concluded that the technique was not sensitive enough to estimate loss of protein from the rumen with accuracy.

Effect of rates of offer and treatment with sodium hydroxide or ammonia on intake, digestibility and selection of barley straw by goats

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
B. J. Hosking ◽  
G. Rios
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment ◽  
Selection Of

Wahed and Owen (1986) showed that intake of untreated barley straw increased by up to 40% when the amount offered was increased to allow goats to refuse 50% of the amount offered instead of the 15-20% used in conventional ad libitum intake trials. The increase was attributed to greater opportunity to select the more digestible parts of the straw. The present experiment was made to see whether similar responses occur if digestibility of the straw is increased by alkali treatment.Thirty-six individually-fed Saanen-type castrates weighing 31-65 kg were used in a 3x2 (3 straw types, 2 rates of offer) factorial design experiment. Goats were blocked according to weight (M) and allocated randomly within block to one of 6 treatments. They were offered untreated barley (var. Triumph) straw (S), ammoniated barley straw (NH3-S) or NaOH-dip-treated barley straw (NaOH-S) at either 20 g DM per g M daily (L) or 50 g DM/kg M.d (H). Straw was ammoniated on 25th August 1987 by the Stack Method (Sundstol and Coxworth, 1984) using aqueous ammonia (35 g NH3/kg straw DM). The stack was opened 30 days later. NaOH-dip-treatment (Sundstol, 1981) involved dipping in a solution containing 15 g/kg NaOH and 7 g/kg urea. Straw was dipped daily and allowed to mature 3-4 d before feeding. Goats were supplemented with concentrates (g/kg DM: milled barley, 600; soya bean meal, 180; fish meal, 180; mineral mix, 40) at 18 g DM/kgM 0.75.d. They were fed twice daily (0800 and 1600 h), offered water ad libitum and individually penned with sawdust bedding.

The Effect of Money Denomination on Prosocial Behavior: Through the Perspective of Metaphorical Cognitive Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110070
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Yang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yanhui Hou ◽  
Emily C. Monczynski ◽  
Xiaochuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Behavior Study ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment ◽  
Practical Implications

Based on metaphorical cognitive theory, this research did four experiments to examine whether and how one important feature of money, denomination, could influence prosocial behavior. Study 1 was an experiment with a sample size of 209 undergraduates ( Mage = 18.97) showed that a larger denomination enhanced the probability of participants engaging in prosocial behavior rather than with a smaller denomination. Study 2 collecting data from 269 undergraduates ( Mage = 18.50) further showed that larger denominations condition inspired more prosocial behavior than the control condition; and the small denominations condition produced similar levels of prosocial behavior to the control condition. Study 3 used single factor design with a sample size of 192 undergraduates ( Mage = 20.49) repeated the results of Study 2. Furthermore, Study 3 excluded an important alternative explanation that the value rather than the denomination influenced prosocial behavior. Last, Study 4 applied a factorial design experiment with a sample size of 132 undergraduates ( Mage = 20.92) which demonstrated that generosity mediated the effect of denomination on prosocial behavior; the effect of denomination on prosocial behavior did not depend on money priming methods. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Effect of fish meal on the mobilization of body energy in dairy cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. W. Reid ◽  
C. A. G. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Body Energy

ABSTRACTThirty-two Friesian cows in early lactation were divided into four treatment groups to receive ad libitum a mixed diet consisting of silage (0·70) and grain-based concentrate (0·30). Fish meal was subsequently mixed into the diet at levels of 0, 40, 80 and 120 g/kg to provide crude protein concentration (g/kg dry matter) in the complete diets of 156, 181, 200 and 212 respectively. In the 2nd week after calving the yields of fat-corrected milk (FCM) were 28·5, 29·2, 32·0 and 34·9 kg/day for the four levels respectively; at this time, food intake was sufficient only to meet the calculated energy requirement for 15 kg FCM per day. Due to recurring problems with ketosis on the diet containing 120 g fish meal per kg, this treatment was terminated and the experiment continued for 15 weeks with the groups receiving 0, 40 and 80 g/kg fish meal supplements. During this time average yields of FCM were 23·5, 25·6 and 28-0 kg FCM per day respectively and energy intakes were calculated to be sufficient to meet the requirement for 18 kg FCM per day.It appeared possible to increase milk yield by stimulating fat mobilization through giving undegraded protein supplements to underfed cows in early lactation. However, when an excessive mobilization occurred with a high supplement, and when the animals were yielding 15 to 20 kg FCM more than their metabolizable energy intake was calculated to sustain, some cows became ketotic.

Responses of lactating ewes, offered fresh herbage indoors and when grazing, to supplements containing differing protein concentrations

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Penning ◽  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Daily Milk

ABSTRACTThe responses to supplements differing in protein concentration and degradability were measured in lactating ewes and their twin lambs when offered fresh ryegrass either cut or grazed. Housed Scottish Halfbred ewes, offered fresh-cut grass ad libitum received no supplement (N) or supplements with barley and maize starch (B); barley and soya-bean meal (S); barley, soya-bean meal and fish meal (SF) or barley and fish meal (F) in weeks 2 to 7 of lactation. By feeding supplements, herbage organic-matter (OM) intake was depressed (2·00 v. 1·74 kg/day). Mean daily milk yield was increased when protein supplements were given and, because milk protein concentration was higher for supplement F and similar for all other diets, mean daily milk protein output increased with increasing fish meal in the diet. Milk yields were N 2·55, B 2·59, S 3·17, SF 3·15 and F 3·17 kg/day. Total milk solids and fat concentrations were also higher for S, SF and F than N or B. Lambs from ewes supplemented with protein grew faster and the ewes generally lost less weight and body condition compared with unsupplemented ewes.At pasture, Masham ewes grazed at herbage allowances of either 4 (L) or 10 (H) kg OM per day and received no supplement (N) or supplements B or F, for the first 6 weeks of lactation and then, in weeks 7 to 12, grazed without supplements. For NL, BL, FL, NH, BH and FH respectively lamb growth rates from birth to 6 weeks were 235, 242, 274, 267, 286 and 302 g/day; from birth to 12 weeks were 210, 209, 249, 255, 275 and 287 g/day and losses in ewe body-condition score from birth to 12 weeks were 1·28, 1·22, 1·06, 0·97, 0·62 and 0·76.It is concluded that protein supplements increased milk yield and lamb growth rates and that the response tended to be greater with fish meal.

705. A comparison of dried skim-milk and white fish meal as protein supplements for fattening pigs: II. On all-meal feeding under commercial conditions

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
Pamela M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
A. S. Cray ◽  
A. Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Experiment Individual ◽  
Fattening Pigs

1. Results are reported of an experiment carried out under commercial conditions to obtain information on the comparative value of dried skim-milk and white fish meal as protein supplements for fattening pigs.2. There were four treatments. Control pigs (i) received a meal mixture containing 10% white fish meal, reduced to 7% from 130 lb. live weight. In the other experimental groups, the fish meal was replaced by dried skim-milk, (ii) on a weight for weight basis, (iv) on a protein basis and (iii) intermediate between (ii) and (iv). All pigs were fed the meal dry and ad lib. up to a maximum of 6½ lb./head daily. Unrestricted water was available.There were five pens of nine group-fed pigs on each treatment, involving a total of 180 pigs. The pigs were on experiment from approximately 10 weeks of age to bacon weight. Comprehensive carcass measurements were made on all the pigs.3. The results showed that a significantly better rate of growth was obtained when the white fish meal was replaced by dried skim-milk on a weight for weight basis. Increasing the percentage of skim-milk in the diet up to 15% resulted in a slightly better performance of the pigs, but no further improvement was obtained by raising the level of skim-milk to 20%. These results were discussed in relation to an apparent set-back that the control pigs suffered at the start of the experimental period.4. The inclusion of dried skim-milk in the diet had an adverse effect on the carcass grading, particularly in so far as it resulted in a thicker layer of back fat over the loin as compared with that in the control pigs.5. There was also some indication that the carcasses from the animals given dried skim-milk had slightly thicker bellies and a smaller breadth of eye muscle than the carcasses of the control animals that received fish meal.6. The results have been compared with those of an earlier trial, which was in most details the same as that reported here, the main difference being that in the earlier experiment individual feeding and one breed of pig were used.

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