Analysis of direct-to-consumer marketed Chlamydia trachomatis diagnostic tests in Norway

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Reinton ◽  
Stig Ove Hjelmevoll ◽  
Håkon Håheim ◽  
Kjersti Garstad ◽  
Lisa Therese Mørch-Reiersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Pharmacy Chain

Background In 2014, and for the first time in Norway, a pharmacy chain started selling home sampling kits for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) detection. Direct-to-consumer diagnostic kits for C. trachomatis have been available in Norway from an Internet company since 2005. There has been little assessment of persons who purchase direct-to-consumer diagnostic tests for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) detection and if low-risk populations are being unnecessarily encouraged to buy these tests. Methods: The prevalence of C. trachomatis in customers who purchased home sampling kits from the pharmacy chain and from the commercial Internet Co. were compared to that of patients attending STI clinics and other free primary healthcare services. Prevalences of other STIs in pharmacy and Internet customers were also determined. Results: The prevalence of C. trachomatis among pharmacy customers was 11%, almost identical to the prevalence among Internet customers (12%). In comparison, the prevalence among patients attending STI clinics in Oslo was 7.2%, which is similar to the prevalence among patients who have been tested through primary healthcare services. The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium was two-fold less than that of C. trachomatis in the STI and primary physician population, and significantly less in the Internet and the pharmacy population. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was not detected in urine samples from pharmacy customers or from Internet customers. Conclusions: Both pharmacy and Internet C. trachomatis home-sampling kits seem to be purchased by the right risk population. Marketing of direct-to-consumer N. gonorrhoeae tests and possibly M. genitalium tests cannot be justified in Norway. Direct-to-consumer diagnostic tests should be actively utilised as part of national programs in preventing the spread of C. trachomatis.

scholarly journals The role of the registered nurse in the marketing of primary healthcare services, as part of health promotion

Curationis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rail ◽  
SM Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Product Price ◽  
The Right ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Existing literature on the marketing of primary healthcare services was reviewed to determine the role of registered nurses in this regard. The systematic review included “— five searches and ensured wide coverage of the results of available primary research studies on the topic. The results were summarised and the role of registered nurses in the marketing of primary healthcare services was identified. Primary research sources on the topic included textbooks on marketing by experts in the field and relevant journal articles by authorities on healthcare marketing. The data were analysed and four main categories identified. To ensure the trustworthiness of the research, Lincoln and Guba’s (1981:215-216) criteria, as explained by Krefting (1991:217), were applied. Because the population consisted of only literature, ethical considerations concerning human subjects were irrelevant. Results indicated that the basic commercial marketing principles (the so-called 4Ps - product, price, place, and promotion) could be adapted for the health sector. The conclusion was that registered nurses could contribute to the marketing of primary healthcare services by communicating with the community (promotion) and by ensuring effective service (product) delivery at the right price and place. Registered nurses could influence the community’s perceptions of health care and facilitate behaviour changes, thereby promote health. The implementation of the findings and recommendations of this research could create a new awareness among registered nurses of their role in the marketing of primary healthcare services in South Africa and improve their skills in this regard.

Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium: an observational study of testing patterns, prevalence and co-infection rates in northern New Zealand

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlo Upton ◽  
Liselle Bissessor ◽  
Peter Lowe ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Gary McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Testing Patterns

Background This study sought to determine community prevalence, epidemiology and testing patterns for sexually transmissible infections (STI) in northern New Zealand. Methods: A total of 2643 samples submitted for STI testing between 26 November 2015 and 7 December 2015 underwent analysis by Aptima Combo 2 (Hologic, San Diego, CA, USA), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) assays. Results were analysed by patient demographics. Results: Four hundred and eleven pathogens were detected from 359 patients, with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), TV, and MG detected in 178 (6.7%), 19 (0.7%), 80 (3%) and 134 (5.1%) samples respectively. With the exception of TV, STI prevalence was highest in people <25 years of age. Infection was more common in men for NG (odds ratio (OR) 5.05, P < 0.001) and CT (OR 2.72, P < 0.001). Māori and Pacific ethnicity were associated with increased risk of MG (OR 1.82, P = 0.006,) TV (OR 6.1, P < 0.001) and CT (OR 3.31, P < 0.001) infection, and TV and NG infections were more prevalent as social deprivation increased. A mismatch between testing rates and prevalence of infection was seen, with fewer tests performed for males (OR 0.2, P < 0.001) than females and no difference in testing of Māori and Pacific men (3064/100 000) compared with men of European background (3181/100 000, OR 0.96, P = 0.76), despite an increased risk of disease. Conclusions: There are disparately low testing rates for STIs in certain high-risk groups in northern New Zealand.

scholarly journals Determinants for use of direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations in primary healthcare—a registry based total population study from Stockholm, Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Dahlgren ◽  
Margareta Dackehag ◽  
Per Wändell ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Main Determinants

Abstract Background In recent years, telemedicine consultations have evolved as a new form of providing primary healthcare. Telemedicine options can provide benefits to patients in terms of access, reduced travel time and no risk of disease spreading. However, concerns have been raised that access is not equally distributed in the population, which could lead to increased inequality in health. The aim of this paper is to explore the determinants for use of direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine consultations in a setting where telemedicine is included in the publicly funded healthcare system. Methods To investigate factors associated with the use of DTC telemedicine, a database was constructed by linking national and regional registries covering the entire population of Stockholm, Sweden (N = 2.3 million). Logistic regressions were applied to explore the determinants for utilization in 2018. As comparators, face-to-face physician consultations in primary healthcare were included in the study, as well as digi-physical physician consultations, i.e., telemedicine consultations offered by traditional primary healthcare providers also offering face-to-face visits, and telephone consultations by nurses. Results The determinants for use of DTC telemedicine differed substantially from face-to-face visits but also to some extent from the other telemedicine options. For the DTC telemedicine consultations, the factors associated with higher probability of utilization were younger age, higher educational attainment, higher income and being born in Sweden. In contrast, the main determinants for use of face-to-face visits were higher age, lower educational background and being born outside of Sweden. Conclusion The use of DTC telemedicine is determined by factors that are generally not associated with greater healthcare need and the distribution raises some concerns about the equity implications. Policy makers aiming to increase the level of telemedicine consultations in healthcare should consider measures to promote access for elderly and individuals born outside of Sweden to ensure that all groups have access to healthcare services according to their needs.

Anatomic distribution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections in men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Reinton ◽  
H. Moi ◽  
A. O. Olsen ◽  
N. Zarabyan ◽  
J. Bjerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Anatomic Distribution ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background New cases of gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) infections have been steadily increasing in Scandinavian countries over the last decade. There is a particular urgency in reducing new infections as isolation of multiple drug resistant strains of gonorrhoea is becoming more frequent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and sites of infection of common sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: We have performed a retrospective analysis of the three major STIs, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and Mycoplasma genitalium in urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal samples from MSM that attended two STI clinics in Oslo. Results: One hundred and thirty-six men (6.0%) out of 2289 MSM tested were found to be positive for gonorrhoea using a porA gene targeted nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Of these, 106 (77.9%) would not have been identified through testing first-void urine alone. Two hundred and twenty eight (10.0%) patients from 2289 tested were found to be positive for chlamydia, 164 (71.9%) of which were identified through anorectal specimens. Ninety-one (5.1%) patients from 1778 tested were found to be positive for M. genitalium, with 65 (71.4%) identified through testing of anorectal specimens. Conclusions: Our results supports the European findings that the MSM population carries a high burden of STIs and that testing the anorectum and oropharynx will identify a significantly higher percentage of infected patients and reservoirs of STIs.

scholarly journals Neue und wiederkehrende sexuell übertragbare Erreger: Nachwuchs- und Überlebenskünstler

hautnah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Stary
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Bakterielle Infektionen ◽  
Epidemiologische Studien ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Ulcus Molle

ZusammenfassungNoch vor 50 Jahren waren nur wenige bakterielle Infektionen bekannt, die durch direkten Sexualkontakt auf den Partner oder die Partnerin übertragen werden. Neben der Syphilis und Gonorrhoe wurden der weiche Schanker (Ulcus molle) und das Lymphogranuloma venereum in der Gruppe der klassischen Geschlechtskrankheiten zusammengefasst. Die Infektionszahlen der klassischen Venerea haben am Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts durch die Gefahr einer tödlichen HIV-Infektion abgenommen, sind aber nach der Einführung der hochaktiven antiretroviralen Therapie (HAART) erneut rapide angestiegen und stellen weiterhin trotz erfolgreicher Therapiemöglichkeiten ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Durch moderne molekularbiologische Nachweisverfahren, „contact tracing“ und epidemiologische Studien ist nun bekannt, dass die Zahl jener Infektionen, die durch engen Kontakt übertragen werden, wesentlich größer ist. In die Gruppe der „sexually transmitted infections“ werden u. a. neben bakteriellen Infektionen wie Chlamydia trachomatis und Mycoplasma genitalium auch virale Infekte wie Herpes-simplex-, Hepatitis‑B- und humane Papillomviren zusammengefasst. Für einige Erreger, wie das Zika- und Ebolavirus, die Hepatitis A, für gewisse Darmkeime oder die Meningokokken stellt der Sexualkontakt nur einen der möglichen Übertragungswege dar, sie werden „sexually transmissible infections” genannt. Diese Erkenntnisse tragen dazu bei, dass die Bedeutsamkeit von „contact tracing“, einer genauen Diagnostik sowie sexueller Abstinenz über einen gewissen Zeitraum eine wichtige Rolle für die Prophylaxe darstellt, um eine Infektion der zahlreichen Mikroben auf den Sexualpartner zu verhindern.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium: a cross-sectional study in Reunion island

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calas ◽  
N. Zemali ◽  
G. Camuset ◽  
J. Jaubert ◽  
R. Manaquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in patients visiting a French STI clinic in the Indian Ocean region to determine whether current STI screening practices should be updated. Methods This cross-sectional study examined all patients who visited the STI clinic between 2014 and 2015. Triplex polymerase chain reaction screening for CT, NG, and MG was performed on urine, vaginal, pharyngeal, and anal specimens (FTD Urethritis Basic Kit, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg). Results Of the 851 patients enrolled in the study, 367 were women (367/851, 43.2%) and 484 were men (484/851, 56.0%). Overall, 826 urogenital specimens (826/851, 97.1%), 606 pharyngeal specimens (606/851, 71.2%), and 127 anal specimens (127/851, 14.9%) were taken from enrolled patients. The prevalence of urogenital CT and MG was high in women ≤25 years (19/186, 10.21%; 5/186, 2.69%) and in men who have sex with women ≤30 years (16/212, 7.54%; 5/212, 2.36%). Among patients with urogenital CT infection, 13.7% (7/51) had urethritis. All patients with urogenital MG infection were asymptomatic. Men who have sex with men had a high prevalence of pharyngeal CT (2/45, 4.44%) and NG (3/44, 6.81%) and a high prevalence of anal CT (2/27, 7.41%), NG (2/27, 7.40%), and MG (1/27, 3.70%). After excluding patients with concomitant urogenital infection, extragenital infections with at least 1 of the 3 pathogens were found in 20 swabs (20/91, 21.9%) taken from 16 patients (16/81, 19.7%), all of them asymptomatic. Conclusions Routine multisite screening for CT, NG, and MG should be performed to mitigate the transmission of STIs in high-risk sexually active populations.

Funding models and expenditures with primary healthcare in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil metropolitan area

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vivas ◽  
M Duarte ◽  
A Pitta ◽  
B Christovam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The government investments in quality primary healthcare are the basis to strengthening the health systems and monitoring the public expenditure in this area is a way to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the public health policies. The Brazil Ministry of Health changed, in 2017, the method of onlending federal resources to states and cities seeking to make the public funds management more flexible. This change, however, suppressed mandatory investments in primary healthcare. This research aims to determine the difference of expenditures on primary healthcare in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil metropolitan area before and after this funding reform, seeking to verify how it can impact the quality of primary healthcare services and programs. Methods This is an ecological time-series study that used data obtained in the Brazil Ministry of Health budget reports. The median and interquartile range of expenditures on primary healthcare (set as the percentage of total public health budget applied in primary care services and programs) of the 13 cities in the Salvador metropolitan area were compared two years before and after the reform. Results The median of expenditures on primary healthcare in Salvador metropolitan area was 25.5% (13,9% - 32,2%) of total public health budget before and 24.8% (20.8% - 30.0%) of total public health budget after the reform (-0.7% difference). Seven cities decreased the expenditures on primary healthcare after the reform, ranging from 1.2% to 10.8% reduction in the primary healthcare budget in five years. Conclusions Expenditures on primary healthcare in Salvador metropolitan area decreased after the 2017 funding reform. Seven of 13 cities reduced the government investments on primary healthcare services and programs in this scenario. Although the overall difference was -0.7%, the budget cuts ranged from 1.2% to 10.8% in the analyzed period and sample. More studies should assess these events in wide areas and with long time ranges. Key messages Public health funding models can impact the primary healthcare settings regardless of the health policy. Reforms in the funding models should consider the possible benefits before implementation. Funding models and methods that require mandatory investments in primary healthcare may be considered over more flexible ones.

Effective supervision model for improved primary healthcare services: case of Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Said Abdel‐Razik ◽  
Fayrouz El‐Aguizy ◽  
Ghada Wahby ◽  
Ahmed Samir Elsayad ◽  
Eman Moawad Elhabashi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Supervision Model ◽  
Effective Supervision

scholarly journals What was the impact of a participatory research project in Australian Indigenous primary healthcare services? Applying a comprehensive framework for assessing translational health research to Lessons for the Best

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e040749
Author(s):  
Shanthi Ann Ramanathan ◽  
Sarah Larkins ◽  
Karen Carlisle ◽  
Nalita Turner ◽  
Ross Stewart Bailie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo (1) apply the Framework to Assess the Impact from Translational health research (FAIT) to Lessons from the Best to Better the Rest (LFTB), (2) report on impacts from LFTB and (3) assess the feasibility and outcomes from a retrospective application of FAIT.SettingThree Indigenous primary healthcare (PHC) centres in the Northern Territory, Australia; project coordinating centre distributed between Townsville, Darwin and Cairns and the broader LFTB learning community across Australia.ParticipantsLFTB research team and one representative from each PHC centre.Primary and secondary outcome measuresImpact reported as (1) quantitative metrics within domains of benefit using a modified Payback Framework, (2) a cost-consequence analysis given a return on investment was not appropriate and (3) a narrative incorporating qualitative evidence of impact. Data were gathered through in-depth stakeholder interviews and a review of project documentation, outputs and relevant websites.ResultsLFTB contributed to knowledge advancement in Indigenous PHC service delivery; enhanced existing capacity of health centre staff, researchers and health service users; enhanced supportive networks for quality improvement; and used a strengths-based approach highly valued by health centres. LFTB also leveraged between $A1.4 and $A1.6 million for the subsequent Leveraging Effective Ambulatory Practice (LEAP) Project to apply LFTB learnings to resource development and creation of a learning community to empower striving PHC centres.ConclusionRetrospective application of FAIT to LFTB, although not ideal, was feasible. Prospective application would have allowed Indigenous community perspectives to be included. Greater appreciation of the full benefit of LFTB including a measure of return on investment will be possible when LEAP is complete. Future assessments of impact need to account for the limitations of fully capturing impact when intermediate/final impacts have not yet been realised and captured.

scholarly journals Primary healthcare services and maternal mortality in Ugep

2021 ◽  
pp. 102691
Author(s):  
Ogadimma Arisukwu ◽  
Stephen Akinfenwa ◽  
Chisaa Igbolekwu
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services
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