A corpus-based study of the verb observar in English-Spanish translations of biomedical research articles

Target ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Contextual Study

This paper describes an empirical contextual study of the English verbs and syntactic resources translated by observar in an extensive corpus of biomedical research articles. Quantitative analysis showed that the frequency of observar was significantly higher in the Spanish translations than in the comparable Spanish language original articles (360 vs. 162 instances; P < 0·001). Qualitative analysis of the Spanish native texts provided a linguistic profile for the verb. This profile was then used in a contextual study to assess the appropriateness of the 360 instances found in the translated texts. The results indicate that observar is only a natural translation equivalent for ‘observe’. For other verbs, an awareness both of the rhetorical, syntactic and collocational restrictions and of the range of alternative choices will allow translators to select appropriate lexical items and avoid excessive repetition of observar, thus creating a more varied target text.

Discourse style and theme–rheme progression in biomedical research article discussions

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Thematic Progression ◽  
Thematic Pattern

This paper examines the Discussions of Spanish medical research articles and Spanish translations of comparable English-language texts in order to determine how far their discourse and theme–rheme patterns differ. Quantitative analysis revealed two discourse patterns. Spanish authors preferred a progressive style characterized by considerable initial background information, and a commentary opening with a statement of result and ending with the main claim. In contrast, most translations exhibited a retrogressive style with little or no background information, and the main claim located early or at the start. The Spanish texts showed a highly cohesive thematic pattern, most within-paragraph links being with the immediately preceding theme or rheme, whereas the translations, influenced by the source texts, contained comparatively more distant links, thus creating thematic ‘jumps’. Thematic progression was independent of discourse pattern. Qualitative analysis identified a number of strategies that can help translators align their texts with the target language norm for theme–rheme progression.

scholarly journals A Corpus-based Study of Spanish Translations of the Verb ‘report’ in Biomedical Research Articles

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contextual Study ◽  
English Verb

Abstract This paper describes an empirical contextual study of the Spanish verbs that translate ‘report’ carried out on an extensive corpus of medical research articles. A quantitative analysis revealed significant differences between the lexical choices made by the translators and those made by native Spanish authors. The contextual analysis showed that reporting occurs in three basic settings, namely, the institutional setting, the community and patient setting, and the research setting. In the latter, research referred to the current study (i.e., the new clinical study presented in the article), to previous research by the same authors, or to other authors’ published work. Within these contexts, consideration of linguistic factors such as collocation, sentence structure and specific features of the communicative situation allows the translator to make the appropriate lexical choices for the wide range of uses of the polysemous English verb ‘report.’

scholarly journals The Functions of Code-switching in the Interaction of the Cartoon Characters in Dora the Explorer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majedah Abdullah Alaiyed
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Cartoon Characters

This paper investigates code-switching from Standard Arabic into English in six episodes of the TV cartoon series Dora the Explorer. The significance of this study is that it will provide an in-depth understanding of the strategies and structures of code-switching used to address children in order to teach them English. The study addresses two research questions: 1) What are the patterns of code-switching found in the interaction of the cartoon characters in Dora the Explorer? 2) What is the function of code-switching in each pattern? Quantitative analysis was used to analyze the frequency of each pattern of code-switching, while qualitative analysis was used to determine the functions of code-switching. The results show several patterns of code-switching into English: code-switching from Arabic to English without translation; Arabic lexical items followed by an English translation; English lexical items followed by an Arabic translation; translation from Arabic into English in two turns; and metadiscursive code-switching. English lexical items are introduced through code-switching in each episode. English words without translation account for the highest percentage of code-switching. In the code-switching to English, some English units are permanent, while some are context units that depend on the episode topic: these include basic formulaic and non-formulaic expressions. Lexical items for greeting, appreciation, and evaluation are the most frequent pragmatic functions of code-switching. Further research is recommended on code-switching in other TV animated series in other languages to determine the patterns of code-switching and the part of speech that is the focus of switching.

scholarly journals Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ya-Li Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
First Time

Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.

scholarly journals The toxic effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on skeletal muscle: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cristina Biguetti ◽  
Joel Ferreira Santiago Junior ◽  
Matthew William Fiedler ◽  
Mauro Toledo Marrelli ◽  
Marco Brotto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the toxic effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on skeletal muscles. We designed the study according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies for qualitative and quantitative analyses were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: English language; size of sample (> 5 patients), adult (> age of 18) patients, treated with CQ/HCQ for inflammatory diseases, and presenting and not presenting with toxic effects on skeletal muscles. We collected data published from 1990 to April 2020 using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and SciELO. Risk of bias for observational studies was assessed regarding the ROBIN-I scale. Studies with less than five patients (case reports) were selected for an additional qualitative analysis. We used the software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis at the confidence level of 0.05. We identified 23 studies for qualitative analysis (17 case-reports), and five studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. From case reports, 21 patients presented muscle weakness and confirmatory biopsy for CQ/HCQ induced myopathy. From observational studies, 37 patients out of 1,367 patients from five studies presented muscle weakness related to the use of CQ/HCQ, and 252 patients presented elevated levels of muscle enzymes (aldolase, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase). Four studies presented data on 34 patients with confirmatory biopsy for drug-induced myopathy. No study presented randomized samples. The chronic use of CQ/HCQ may be a risk for drug-induced myopathy. There is substantiated need for proper randomized trials and controlled prospective studies needed to assess the clinical and subclinical stages of CQ/HCQ -induced muscle myopathy.

scholarly journals The Discourse on the Praxis and Pragmatics of the Qur’an Retranslations in Turkish

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-97
Author(s):  
Sema Üstün Külünk
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Religious Text ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Retranslations of the Qur’an constitute an intriguing site of research with particular premises governing their production, dissemination and/or reception in Turkey. Its inherently religion-oriented context is accompanied by discussions on the sacred status of the source text, arguments on its untranslatability, translatorial human agency vis-à-vis the Holy creator, acknowledged Arabicity of the source text, etc. In this regard, each new translation of the Qur’an in Turkish is released with a motivation to justify its necessity amid abundant retranslations available in the target repertoire. Various approaches towards the conceptualization and instrumentalization of these Qur’anic translations create a meta-narrative on its own right. This study aims at exploring this particular discourse on the retranslations of the Qur’an with a bi-faceted study design composed of quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative analysis focuses on the numeric changes of Qur’anic retranslations in respective decades, whereas the qualitative analysis concentrates on the statements of the translatorial agents on the motives behind their translational production. By shedding light on the discursive narrative postulated upon these retranslations, it is claimed that social, political, cultural and financial concerns have prevailingly governed the reproductions of this canonical work in Turkey. Keywords: Qur’an translation, religious-text translation, retranslation, discourse analysis.  

scholarly journals The necessitive impersonal REIK(Ė)TI ‘need’: the rise of modal meaning

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Erika Jasionytė-Mikučionienė ◽  
Jolanta Šinkūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Over Time

The focus of the paper is on the frequency, distribution patterns and semantic profile of the necessitive impersonal reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in old and contemporary Lithuanian texts. The study employs corpus based quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate the patterns of use of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in the Database of Old Writings (16th-17th centuries) as well as the fiction sub-corpus of the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language and the humanities and biomedical sciences sub-corpora of the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit). The study follows van der Auwera and Plungian’s (1998) modality framework. The quantitative analysis shows that the present tense form reikia ‘need.PRS.3’ is the dominating one across all the sub-corpora analysed. The results of the qualitative study indicate that the deontic sub-type of participant external modality is prevailing in the old Lithuanian texts as well as in the fiction sub-corpus and in the biomedical sciences texts of the contemporary Lithuanian. The discourse of the humanities displays a fairly frequent employment of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ for discourse organising functions alongside the deontic uses. Although the usage patterns of reik(ė)ti ‘need’ in the biomedical sciences and the humanities share certain common features, they also point to discipline specific trends of argumentation. It is also important to observe that the objective deontic reik(ė)ti ‘need’ seems to gradually acquire the features of subjective deontic modality over time, which corresponds to the typical subjectification cline (cf. Traugott 1989).

scholarly journals WHAT SENIORS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT THEIR ENGAGEMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Doré
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Methods Course ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Elective Course

The goal of this pre-study was to prescribe a solution to a perceived decrease in student engagement in an elective course on additive manufacturing. The objectives were to:identify in what activities the students are engaging; identify causes for lack of engagement in their studies, if any;identify possible changes to the additive manufacturing course.A mixed (quantitative and qualitative) triangulation interpretivist approach was used to address the first two objectives. Approximately half (1/2) the students stated that their studies was not their priority, two thirds (2/3) reported that they attended university primarily to earn a diploma rather than to learn and again two thirds (2/3) said that they had difficulty concentrating, signs that most students are not fully engaged in learning. The qualitative analysis provided insight and nuance to the quantitative analysis. It made it possible to identify sources for lack of engagement. Apart from the presence of electronic devices which distract attention, teaching methods, course content and evaluation modalities were often cited. Based on the findings, three changes are suggested to the course

scholarly journals God help us: Spirituality and religiosity amid corona pandemic in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Kausar Ali ◽  
Huang Minxing
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Threatening Situation

This research discusses the response of the religious people to the corona pandemic in Pakistan. The study aims to answer why the Islamists refused to cooperate with the state authorities in its struggle against the pandemic? This study is based on the theory of existential security which states that natural calamities and disasters always increase religiosity in the people. This study is based on analysing all the existing primary and secondary sources in the form of books, research articles and government reports. The discussion in this paper is based on the qualitative analysis of all the existing sources. This study has argued that the Islamists refused to support the state policymakers because they firmly believed that the virus emerged because of Allah’s wrath. The study has also found that the response of the Tablighi Jamaat (henceforth TJ), other religious organisations, and clerics amid the coronavirus in the country was indeed a religious coping strategy. This strategy is commonly used by people whenever they face a life-threatening situation. The study suggests that Pakistan could not resist the Islamists because resisting them could cause severe problems in the country.

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