Antioxidant capacity and identification of the constituents of ethyl acetate fraction from Rhus verniciflua Stokes by HPLC-MS

The antioxidant capacity of the crude extract and fractions ofTabernaemontana catharinensis fruits and branches, was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and condensed tannins were determined by the spectrophotometric method. The ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits and the n-butanol fraction of the branches showed IC50 of 181.82 µg/mL and 78.19 µg/mL, respectively. All fractions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the branches were quantified chlorogenic acid in the chloroform (8.96 mg/g), ethyl acetate (4.31 mg/g) and n-butanol (3.33 mg/g) fractions; caffeic acid in the ethyl acetate (5.24 mg/g) and n-butanol (1.81 mg/g); gallic acid (0.52 mg/g) in the n-butanol. In the fruits, chlorogenic acid in the chloroform (1.67 mg/g); rutin in the ethyl acetate (3.45 mg/g) and n-butanol (8.98 mg/g) fractions. The present study showed that these quantified compounds can contribute to antioxidant capacity which was higher in the branches than in the fruits.

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Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Ducrosia anethifolia in Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v31i630361 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy ◽

Emad Mohamed Abdallah ◽

Mohamed H. Shiboob ◽

Suliman Alghanem

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Border Region ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Ducrosia anethifolia (D. anethifolia) is a drought-tolerant plant widely distributed over Arar valley at the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. The aerial parts of this plant were investigated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract revealed the presence of some major compounds such as 8-Ethoxypsoralen (6.5%), Prangenin (6.26%), Isoaromadendrene epoxide (7.5%), Aromadendrene oxide (0.96%) and Ferulic acid methyl ester (0.46%). FRAP and DPPH method were used to test the antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate fraction of D. anethifolia, the results revealed the presence of high reduction capacity (EC50 equals 0.63±0.03g/L), compared with the reducing capacity of the standard ascorbic acid and quercetin which were 0.091±0.002 g/L and 0.026±0.002 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the results of the DPPH test showed that the extract presented a remarkable antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 0.38±0.02 g/L, This considerable antioxidant capacity is attributed to its richness of some bioactive phytochemical compounds. The antibacterial potential was evaluated by disc-diffusion test, the plant extract was tested on nine different bacterial strains. Results exhibited that, only Gram-positive bacteria recorded good to moderate susceptibility, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49461, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, which recorded 14.5, 14.0, 9.5- and 7.5-mm zone of inhibition, respectively. In conclusion, the aerial parts of D. anethifolia are rich in some important phytochemical molecules and could be used in the formulation of antioxidant drugs. Whereas, its efficacy against some Gram-positive bacteria only should be studied in-depth. Further studies are also recommended to these phytochemical molecules against various physiological disorders and diseases.

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Active Subfractions, Phytochemical Constituents, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant of Leaf Extract from Hibiscus surattensis L.

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190626125330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 400-410

Author(s):

Yuliet ◽

Elin Y. Sukandar ◽

I.K. Adnyana

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Gallic Acid Equivalent

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of leaf extract and active subfraction from English wild sour or Hibiscus surattensis L., evaluating antioxidant activity, and determining phytochemical constituents potential for treating various ailments such as diabetes and hepatitis. Background: Antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of leaf and active subfractions (ethyl acetate and water fraction) were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity assays. Methods: Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent and Gallic Acid Equivalent through spectrophotometric technique. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry/Mass Spectrophotometry was used to identify phytochemical constituents. Results: The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was potentially inhibitory against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (IC50 17.947 ± 4.842μg/mL) and had a high free radical scavenging capacity (IC50 value of 44.10 ± 0.243μg/mL; Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity values were found to be 639.70 ± 0.3mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g and 174.89 ± 0.58mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction showed high flavonoid and phenolic content with 684.67 ± 0.83mg Quercetin Equivalent/g and 329.23 ± 0.82mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry/ Mass Spectrophotometry analysis showed the presence of major compounds, including kaempferol, morin, quercetin, and trifolin. Conclusion: These results may explain the use of these leaves in folk medicine in the control of diabetes through a new mechanism and by preventing diabetic complications by means of their antioxidant properties.

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Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Decreases Tert-butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage in BRL-3A Cells

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/1526125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Dongmei Hu ◽

Jing Hou ◽

Shushu Li ◽

Weiping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽

Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽

Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽

Hemerocallis Citrina ◽

Stress Damage

The main purposes of this study were to screen the antioxidant activities of various fractions of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni and test their hepatoprotective effects in vitro. Antioxidant assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing power experiments) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced BRL-3A oxidative damage experiments were performed in vitro. The H. citrina ethyl acetate fraction (HCEA) was determined to have strong antioxidant activity because of its high flavonoid and polyphenol content. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography- (UPLC-) photodiode array (PDA)/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed that the main components of the HCEA were flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives. A total of 17 compounds were identified. HCEA also effectively protected the liver against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress injury and significantly reduced reactive oxygen (ROS) accumulation. Moreover, HCEA significantly reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Further studies have shown that HCEA inhibits t-BHP-induced apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) activity and decreasing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Moreover, HCEA enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased the antioxidant level of glutathione (GSH) in BRL-3A cells. HCEA increased the antioxidant capacity of cells by increasing the gene expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P38, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), SOD, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which are associated with antioxidant pathways to protect against oxidative stress. In conclusion, HCEA protected BRL-3A cells against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress damage via antioxidant and antiapoptosis pathways. Therefore, H. citrina Baroni may serve as a potential hepatoprotective drug.

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Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi Etil Asetat Dari Ekstrak Metanol Sargassum sp.

Journal of Marine Research ◽

10.14710/jmr.v8i1.24326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Hafida Salma ◽

Sri Sedjati Sedjati ◽

Ali Ridlo

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Rotary Evaporator ◽

Total Antioxidant

Sargassum sp. adalah salah satu jenis rumput laut paling banyak di Indonesia dan memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan, obat penyakit jantung, stroke, dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak metanol Sargassum sp. Sampel diambil dari Pantai Sundak, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksploratif diskriptif. Sampel dikeringkan dalam suhu ruangan selama 7 hari dan dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol, lalu dievaporasi dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak metanol di fraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode, yaitu metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dan total kapasitas antioksidan fosfomolibdat. Vitamin C digunakan digunakan sebagai standar penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dan total kapasitas antioksidan fosfomolibdat. Kadar total fenolat diuji menggunakan larutan Folin-Ciocalteu dengan standar asam galat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar total fenolat fraksi etil asetat Sargassum sp. sebesar 64,42 mg GAE/g sampel. Aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH memiliki nilai IC50 1.289 ppm, vitamin C memiliki IC50 sebesar 122,71 ppm, sedangkan total kapasitas antioksidan adalah 39,52 mg AAE/g sampel. Kesimpulannya, yaitu kandungan aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak metanol Sargassum sp. dengan metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH diduga sangat lemah dan kandungan aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode fosfomolibdat diduga tinggi. Sargassum sp. is one of the many types of seaweed in Indonesia and has benefits as an antioxidant, a drug for heart disease, stroke, etc. This study aims to determine the antioxidant content of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Sargassum sp. Samples were taken from Sundak, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The method used is descriptive explorative. Samples were dried at room temperature for 7 days and macerated with methanol, then evaporated at a rotary evaporator. The methanol extract fractionation using ethyl acetate. Testing the antioxidant activity using two methods, the method of catching free radicals DPPH and total antioxidant capacity fosfomolibdat. Vitamin C is used as a standard arrest DPPH free radical and total antioxidant capacity fosfomolibdat. Levels of total phenolics were tested using the Folin-Ciocalteu solution with gallic acid standard. The results showed that levels of total phenolic fraction of ethyl acetate Sargassum sp. amounting to 64,42 mg GAE/g sample. The antioxidant activity with catching free radicals DPPH methods have IC50 values 1.289 ppm, vitamin C has an IC50 of 122,71 ppm, while the total antioxidant capacity was 39,52 mg AAE/g sample. In conclusion, the content of the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Sargassum sp. with catching free radicals DPPH methods allegedly extremely weak and the content of the antioxidant activity using methods fosfomolibdat predictably high.

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TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FLAVONE BIOACTIVITY OF PEANUT HULLS AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATION TOWARD HELA CANCER CELLS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Aika Latifah Alawiyah ◽

Suminar Setiati Achmadi ◽

Gustini Syahbirin

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Peanut Hulls

Objective: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, correlation of it with antioxidant capacity, and peanut hulls as an antiproliferationon Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cancer cells, which Indonesia has a serious problem in term of cervix cancer.Methods: Peanut hulls were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound vibration, and reflux boiling to obtain the best extraction method. The totalphenolic content of the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluated an antioxidant capacity of both samples. Identification of the isolated flavone was done by ultraviolet spectra and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Inhibition of proliferation of HeLa cancer cells was tested for the purified fraction using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: The results of total phenolic content determination giving 262 (ethanol extract) and 532 (ethyl acetate fraction) mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively. DPPH assay resulted antioxidant capacity with value of inhibitory concentration 50% (IC) was 36.36 (ethanol extract) and 18.68 (ethyl acetate fraction) µg/mL, respectively. Identification of isolated flavone resulted an apigenin and indicated moderate potency in inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells with IC 50 value of 34 µg/mL. 50Conclusions: There was a correlation between the total phenolics with antioxidant capacity of the peanut hulls. The isolated flavone is predominated by apigenin. This isolated compound is potential as antioxidant and inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells moderately.Keywords: Peanut hulls, Total phenolic, Antioxidant capacity, Flavone, Apigenin, Henrietta Lacks cancer cells.

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GULA DARAH DAN BERAT BADAN TIKUS PUTIH SPRAQUE DAWLEY DIABETES MELITUS SETELAH TERAPI FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT MINUMAN SCJM

Pro Food ◽

10.29303/profood.v5i2.107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Ni Ketut Wiradnyani

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Lime Juice ◽

White Rats ◽

Diabetes Melitus

ABSTRACT Sinom drinks mixed with lime and honey are made from rhizome of turmeric and young tamarind leaves which are added with lime juice and honey. The aim of the study was to determine the dose of ethyl acetate fraction of sinom drinks mixed with lime juice and honey (SCJM) which lowers fasting blood sugar and has an effect on body weight of spraque dawley (SD) white rats diabetes mellitus. Experimental research using RAK, testing consisted of two phases. Fiirst phase was antioxidant capacity test of various solvents of SCJM yielding 29691.1 µg AAEAC / g ingredients namely the highest number of ethyl acetate fractions of n- hexane, chloroform, and water. Second phase was in vivo test of ethyl acetate fraction of SCJM which can reduce the best GDP and weight to SD white rats with diabetes mellitus with various doses, namely: control (-) normal mice, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/dl BW, control (+) of diabetic rats. The data was statistically tested using ANOVA with further test BNT. The results of the study of the effect of the antioxidant compound SCJM ethyl acetate fraction of various doses significantly affected (p <0.01) in decreasing fasting blood sugar (GDP) white SD diabetes mellitus rats, a dose that can reduce the lowest GDP based on statistical tests is 150 mg/kg BW of rats, 168.4 mg/dl from other doses. Rats body weight had no significant (p <0.01) effect after treatment of the SCJM etyl acetate fraction. Keywords: antioxidant capacity, blood sugar, ethylacetate _ fraction, sinom mix of lime and honey ABSTRAK Minuman sinom yang dicampur jeruk nipis dan madu terbuat dari rimpang kunyit dan daun asam muda yang ditambahkan air jeruk nipis dan madu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan dosis fraksi etil asetat minuman sinom campuran jeruk nipis dan madu (SCJM) yang menurunkan gula darah puasa (GDP) dan menimbulkan efek terhadap berat badan tikus putih spraque dawley (SD) diabetes melitus. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan RAK terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah uji kapasitas antioksidan berbagai pelarut (SCJM) menghasilkan 29691,1 µg AAEAC/g bahan yaitu angka tertinggi fraksi etil asetat dari n-heksana, khloroform dan air. Tahap ke-2 adalah uji in vivo fraksi etil asetat SCJM yang dapat menurunkan GDP terbaik dan berat badan tikus putih SD diabetes melitus dengan perlakuan berbagai dosis yaitu: kontrol (-) tikus normal 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/dl BB, kontrol (+) tikus diabetes. Data diuji statistik menggunakan Anova dengan uji lanjut BNT. Hasil penelitian senyawa antioksidan SCJM fraksi etil asetat berbagai dosis berpengaruh nyata (p<0,01) pada penurunan GDP tikus putih SD diabetes melitus, dosis terbaik yang dapat menurunkan GDP terendah berdasarkan uji statistik adalah 150 mg/kg BB tikus yiatu 168,4 mg/dl dari perlakuan dosis yang lain. Berat badan tikus tidak berpengaruh nyata (p<0,01) setelah pemberian fraksi etil asetat SCJM. Kata Kunci: fraksi etilasetat, gula darah, kapasitas antioksidan, sinom campuran jeruk nipis dan madu

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Assessment of In-Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva Javanica Linn. Flowering Tops

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development ◽

10.22270/ajprd.v7i5.520 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 133-136

Author(s):

Alok Khunteta ◽

Surendra K Swarnkar ◽

Manish Kumar Gupta ◽

Aruna Swarnkar ◽

Pankaj Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae) is a grey coloured woolly perennial tomentose shrub. Its traditional and folklore usage motivates further investigation on its pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological potential. Therefore, in order to establish its antioxidant potential, DPPH, SOD and superoxide scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Hydro-alcoholic extract (CE) was prepared from flowering tops of A. javanica. In order to work further on activity guided fractions, ethyl acetate (AJEAF) fraction was prepared. For in-vitro evaluation, ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant compound. In DPPH assay IC50 was determined as 89.00 µg/ml, as compared with standard ascorbic acid with IC50 21.80 µg/ml, with a concentration dependent scavenging of free radical. Superoxide scavenging potential in terms of SOD expressed as IC50, was determined as 61.904 µg /ml for AJEAF in contrast to 132.413 µg /ml for standard ascorbic acid. This was equivalent to 16.154 Eq SOD units /mg (EAF) per mg of sample respectively against 7.552 Eq SOD units /mg of standard. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 283.67 mg Ascorbic acid Eq /g. Results indicated that fraction (AJEAF had significant antioxidant potential which expressed the prospective potential of fraction against metabolic disorders.

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Anti-Influenza Activity of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction of a Rhus verniciflua Ethanol Extract by Neuraminidase Inhibition

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/8824934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Young Soo Kim ◽

Wei Li ◽

Ji Hye Kim ◽

Hwan-Suck Chung ◽

Jang-Gi Choi

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Mdck Cells ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Neuraminidase Inhibition ◽

Rhus Verniciflua

Antigenic mismatch can cause influenza vaccines to be ineffective, and influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are rising. Thus, development of antiviral agents against these viruses is an immediate need. Rhus verniciflua (RVS) has long been used in herbal medicine and as a nutritional supplement. The effect of RVS and its components on influenza virus has not, however, been reported. We found that RVS treatment significantly reduced viral replication when evaluated with green fluorescent protein- (GFP-) tagged virus (influenza A virus, A/PR/8/34-GFP) in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. RVS showed significant inhibition of neuraminidase from A/PR/8/34. Subsequently, three fractions were prepared from an ethanolic crude extract of RVS. In vitro assays indicated that an ethyl acetate fraction (RVSE) was more potent than H2O and CHCl3 fractions. RVSE significantly suppressed influenza virus infection in MDCK cells via neuraminidase inhibition. Additionally, RVSE treatment inhibited expression of several virus proteins and decreased mortality of mice exposed to influenza A/PR/8/34 by 50% and reduced weight loss by 11.5%. Active components in RVSE were isolated, and 5-deoxyluteolin (5) and sulfuretin (7) demonstrate the highest neuraminidase inhibitory activity against influenza A virus. RVS, RVSE, and their constituents may be useful for the development of anti-influenza agents.

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