scholarly journals The changes in the composition of Cladocera community in bottom sediments of Lake Maloye Shibrozero (Zaonezhsky Peninsula) as a consequence of shifts of environmental and climatic conditions

Author(s):  
A G Ibragimova ◽  
L A Frolova ◽  
D A Subetto ◽  
N A Belkina ◽  
M S Potakhin
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Alexandrin ◽  
A. V. Darin ◽  
A. M. Grachev ◽  
O. N. Solomina

Reference section of the bottom sediments of Lake Karakyol (Caucasus) is built based on the cores obtained during the 2010 and 2014 field works, taking into account radiocarbon dating and the data of analytical microstratigraphy. Using the methods of scanning micro-XRF, solid preparations of bottom sediments were scanned in 1 mm increments with simultaneous determination of the content of more than 25 rock-forming and microelements. When building the master-core, the profiles of changes in the content of terrigenous elements were taken into account. This made it possible to precisely combine the two cores and remove from the section the sediment intervals corresponding to the “one-time” events – terrigenous material injections. Comparison of instrumental data of regional meteorological observations in the period 1927–2010 with the time series of geochemical indicators showed the presence of a stable relationship of the composition of bottom sediments with the average 11-year temperatures. Approximation of transfer functions to the depth of core testing allowed constructing a paleoclimatic reconstruction of regional temperature for the last 2 millennia with a time resolution of 5–10 years.


2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
В.М. Шулькин

Изучено вертикальное распределение Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cорг, а также скорость осадконакопления, определенная по снижению 210Pb, в верхнем 50-сантиметровом слое донных отложений оз. Васьковского, расположенного на восточном макросклоне хр. Сихотэ-Алинь и находящегося под влиянием аэральных выбросов горно-рудных предприятий долины р. Рудная. Установлена скорость осадконакопления в центральной части озера 2.7±0.26 мм/год, что позволяет оценить изменение химического состава донных отложений за последние 160–180 лет. Верхний 8-сантиметровый слой, накопленный после 1983 г., обогащен Pb, Cd в 4.8–8.1 раза, а Zn, Cu, Mn и Hg – в 1.8–2.5 раза по сравнению с нижележащими отложениями, накопленными до 1960 г. В сочетании с данными по динамике добычи и переработки полиметаллических руд в долине р. Рудная это указывает на аэральное поступление техногенного газопылевого материала как на главный источник загрязнения верхнего слоя озерных донных отложений. Обнаружено, что даже при значительном, 2-кратном снижении объемов производства и выбросов в 90-х годах ХХ в., уровень загрязнения осадочного материала, накапливающегося в донных отложениях, остается высоким, и требуется дальнейший мониторинг для характеристики способности геосистем нижней части долины р. Рудная к самоочищению. Показано, что нормирование концентрации тяжелых металлов относительно Fe, учитывающее вариации гранулометрического состава и содержания гидроксидов Fe, позволяет отследить не только интенсификацию горнорудного производства в 70–80-х годах ХХ в., но и начало хозяйственной деятельности в конце ХIХ в. Установлено, что в отличие от тяжелых металлов, концентрация органического вещества (Сорг) в верхнем слое отложений отражает изменение природно-климатических условий на водосборе, соотношение автохтонных и аллохтонных источников Сорг и изменения трофического статуса водоема. The vertical distribution of Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Corg and the rate of sedimentation by 210Pb in the upper 50 cm layer of bottom sediments of the Vaskovskoe Lake has been studied. Vaskovskoe Lake is located on the eastern slope of Sihote-Alin range. It existed under the influence of the mining industry at the Rudnaya River Valley. The rate of sedimentation in the central part of the lake is set at 2.7±0.26 mm/year, which allows estimating the change in the chemical composition of bottom sediments over the last 160-180 years. The top 8 cm layer, accumulated after 1983, is enriched by Pb, Cd in 4.8-8.1 times, In the combination with data on the production and processing of polymetallic ores, it indicates the atmospheric deposition of technogenic dust material as the main source of pollution of the lake sediments. It has been found that even with a significant two-fold reduction in production and emissions in the 1990s, pollution levels of sediments remain high, and further monitoring is required to characterize the geosystem’s ability to self-purification. It is shown that the heavy metal concentration normalized by Fe, taking into account variations in the gran size composition and content of Fe hydroxides, allows us to track not only the intense mining production in the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century, but also the early beginning of economic activity at the Rudnaya R. valley at the end of the nineteenth century. It has been revealed that unlike heavy metals the concentration of organic matter (Corg) in the bottom sediments reflects the change in natural and climatic conditions at the catchment, the ratio of autochtonuos and allochtonuos sources of Corg and changes in the trophic status of the lake.


Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
MD López ◽  
P Jara ◽  
S Fischer ◽  
R Wilckens ◽  
H Serri ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.


Author(s):  
Elvira A. Zinnatova, Larisa A. Frolova ◽  
Larisa A. Frolova

The Northern lakes are good objects for paleoclimatic reconstructions. One of the sources of information about changes in the ecosystems of lakes are diatoms. The study of diatom complexes revealed 133 taxa belonging to 49 genera, 24 families, 13 orders and 3 classes in the bottom sediments of the thermokarst lake of the Pechora Delta. Dominated by the Holarctic representatives of benthic and fouling organisms giving preference to the alkaline environmental conditions.


Author(s):  
Angelina E. Shatalova ◽  
Uriy A. Kublitsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Subetto ◽  
Anna V. Ludikova ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
...  

The study of paleogeography of lakes is an actual and important direction in modern science. As part of the study of lakes in the North-West of the Karelian Isthmus, this analysis will establish the dynamics of salinity of objects, which will allow to reconstruct changes in the level of the Baltic Sea in the Holocene.


Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.


2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document