scholarly journals Engineered bamboo: The promising material for building and construction application in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
A Supriadi ◽  
D R Trisatya
Keyword(s):  
Strength Class ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Wood Strength ◽  
Maesopsis Eminii

Abstract There is a rising gap between supply and demand of wood as building and construction materials. The search of alternative materials to fill in the gap is an urgent concern. Bamboo is one of locally abundant resources; 88 out of 135 species growth in Indonesia is an endemic. It is a renewably material and has comparable characteristics to wood. Notable efforts to reduce the variability of raw bamboo have led to the improved physical and mechanical properties of the engineered bamboo. Laminated bamboo and hybrid laminated bamboo-wood had superior wood strength in comparison to the raw materials. Laminated bamboo produced from andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.) Widjaja), mayan (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz), vertically laminated andong bamboo comparable to wood strength class I, I-II and II, respectively. Furthermore, hybrid laminated bamboo-wood andong-manii (Maesopsis eminii Engl.), andong-mayan-jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) comparable to wood strength class II and III, respectively. The properties improvement of engineered bamboo demonstrates the potential application of laminated bamboo as a substitution for building and construction material.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

Reuse of Municipal Wastewater Sludge for Construction Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Guo Wei Ni ◽  
Guan Yi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Paper Wastewater ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Treatment of municipal wastewater results worldwide in the production of large amounts of sewage sludge. The major part of the dry matter content of this sludge consists of nontoxic organic compounds, in general a combination of primary sludge and secondary (microbiological) sludge. The sludge also contains a substantial amount of inorganic material and a small amount of toxic components. The large volume of wastewater sludge generated requires enormous landfill space for disposal. Diverting the wastewater sludge from landfill would alleviate the shortage of landfill sites. Thus alternative applications have to be considered for the wastewater sludge diverted away from the landfills. The use of wastewater sludge for the production of construction materials is reviewed in this paper. Wastewater sludge can be used as raw materials for making bricks, concrete filler and concrete aggregates. The study reveals that the reuse of wastewater sludge as construction materials offers a technically feasible alternative for sludge disposal.

Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks Using Foaming Agent - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Development

Bricks are widely used as a construction and building material due to its properties. Recent years have seen a great development in new types of inorganic cementitious binders called ‘‘geopolymeric cement’’ around the world. This prompted its use in bricks, which improves the greenness of ordinary bricks. The development of fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight bricks is relatively new in the field of construction materials. This paper reviews the uses of fly ash as a raw materials and addition of foaming agent to the geopolymeric mixture to produce lightweight bricks. The effects on their physical and mechanical properties have been discussed. Most manufactured bricks with incorporation of foaming agent have shown positive effects by producing lightweight bricks, increased porosity and improved the thermal conductivities of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks. However, less of performances in number of cases in terms of mechanical properties were also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of Angustifolia Kunth and Rayada Amarilla Guadua Bamboo

2019 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Brayan García ◽  
Camila Preciado ◽  
Mónica Bedoya ◽  
Oscar Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Guadua is a Colombian endemic type of grass belonging to the bamboo family. It can be considered an alternative construction material due to its physical and mechanical properties, as well as a sustainable source of timber due to its fast growing process and high availability in tropical countries. The Guadua is composed by the stem petiole or lower part, the stem base, and the stem. In turn, the stem is divided into sections separated by diaphragms that form knots, called culms. The distance between knots and the structure of the longitudinal fibers in the culms depend on the age of the plant. This implies a difficulty when determining the mechanical properties of the stem, since there are not specific standards for this purpose. In this work the mechanical properties of young samples of Angustifolia Kunt and Rayada Amarilla Guadua, of around 6 years of growth, were characterized. To account for the natural variability introduced by the presence of diaphragms, cylindrical and prismatic samples were extracted without knot, with one knot in the middle, and with one knot at each end. Cylindrical samples were used to measure compressive strength parallel to the fiber direction, while prismatic samples were used to measure tensile strength also parallel to the fiber direction and flexural strength by three point bending. Methodologies from conventional construction materials were adapted for this purpose. The obtained results allowed concluding that the Guadua samples present different mechanical properties depending on the position of the knots. Samples with a knot in the middle are more resistant to compressive stresses, while the samples without knot are more resistant to flexural and traction stresses. The samples with one knot at each end presented a more balanced behavior, being efficient when exposed to compression, traction and flexural stresses.

Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin ◽  
Fareed Ahmed Memon
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Concrete has been used in the construction industry since long times. It is probably the most widely used construction material in the world, largely due to the abundance of the raw materials for cement manufacture, low relative cost and the versatility and adaptability of concrete in forming various structural shapes. Massive production of concrete and the associated substantial manufacture of cement have however been observed to have a very negative impact. One of the biggest issues of growing concern at the moment faced by concrete industries is the impact of cement production on the environment. The production of cement not only depletes significant amount of natural resources, but also liberates a considerable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of decarbonation of limestone and the combustion of fossil fuels. In addition, cement is among the most energy intensive construction materials, after aluminium and steel [1].

scholarly journals Retention of Pollutants Elements from Mine Tailings of Lead in Geopolymers for Construction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6184
Author(s):  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Ana María Castañón ◽  
Fernando Gómez-Fernández ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Alkaline Activator

The construction sector is one of the most demanding sectors of raw materials in existence today. As a consequence, the extraction of these materials has a significant impact on the environment. At the same time, mining activities produce a series of wastes, in some cases with polluting elements, which must be treated to avoid pollution. Therefore, the use of mining waste for the conformation of new construction materials is an important environmental advantage, even more so when such waste is prevented from producing polluting leachates. Therefore, in this research, geopolymers are developed with mine tailings from the Linares lead mines, chemically activated with potassium hydroxide. For this purpose, different percentages of the alkaline activator were tested and the physical and mechanical properties of the conformed materials were evaluated. The analysis of the different conformed geopolymers determined the optimum percentage of potassium hydroxide for conforming the geopolymer with the best mechanical and physical properties. In addition, the concentration in the leachate of potentially contaminating chemical elements in the mining waste was estimated to be lower than those regulated by the regulations. Consequently, this research shows the development of a sustainable material for construction with mining waste and reduction of the environmental impact of traditional products.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE FORMATION IN ALKALI ACTIVATED ALUMINOSILICATE BINDING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL RAW MATERIALS WITH DIFFERENT CRYSTALLINITY DEGREE

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kozhuhova ◽  
V. Strokova ◽  
M. Kozhuhova ◽  
Igor' Zhernovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated

the efficiency of traditional raw materials using as well as expanding of potential uses for non-conventional and alternative raw materials with different origin is the tasks exiting interest among material scientists and manufacture stuff. Investigation of the above is oriented on solution of such scientific problem as more deep understanding of structure and features of material. The results obtained also allow solution of some technological, technical and economical tasks. Greatly, it is actual when using of new types of raw materials as well as when synthesis of new composites. Concerning the construction material science field, the classic problem is the looking for ways to study the reactivity of raw components under different conditions, its control and, generally, its increasing to produce higher performance materials. Among the popular and widely-used construction materials are alkali-activated binders and relevant composites. In this study the results of granulometric analysis of suspension based on alkali-activated aluminosilicate with different crystallinity degree are presented. It was found, when treatment of aluminosilicate grain by alkali activator leads to the grain solubilizing (but differently depending on crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate) and formation of alkali-aluminosilicate gel that reacts with unreacted part of the grain according to structure affinity principle. It was also determined the crystallinity degree of aluminosilicate component is inversely proportional to its solubility in highly-alkali environment. The model of structure formation for geopolymer system under alkali effect is offered.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate Replaced with Waste Crushed Glass.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Split Tensile Strength

Due to increased construction practices there was a very high demand in consumption of raw materials that are to be used in concrete. In the raw materials, sand is one of the major construction materials that is consumed adequately. It’s presence will be vanished due to excessive digging .The effect will be to the nearby localities .As well the stability hydraulic structures nearby river banks will be affected with this. To reduce digging practices the fine aggregate was partially replaced with waste crushed glass in 0%,10%,20%,30% andv40% along with 0.25%Super plasticizer SP 430 to achieve workability. The crushed glass is non-biodegradable and cannot be disposed off, also causes several environmental effects. By utilizing this waste as a useful material in the form as replacing material of fine aggregate we can reduce the waste content and in the same way it can be used as a resource. In order to check the concrete strength and durability tests like Compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test, Flexural strength test for 7,14,28 days curing and acid attack test, rapid chloride permeability test, Abrasion tests were conducted. SEM tests are also conducted on concrete with replaced fine aggregate. The current research work describes the proper utilization of waste crushed glass as a useful construction material.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK WOOD (EBONY) AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengky Satria Yoresta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Class ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heavy Construction

This research is aimed to determine physical and mechanical properties of Ebony wood as a construction material. The physical and mechanical properties test is conducted based on ASTM D 143-94 code. The mean value of moisture content and specific gravity of Ebony wood is obtained 12,90% and 0,92 gr.cm-3 respectively. Meanwhile MOE, bending strength, compressive strength parallel to grain, shear strength, and tensile strength parallel to grain are 180.425,87 kg.cm-2; 1656,22 kg.cm-2; 861,55 kg.cm-2; 119,61 kg.cm-2; dan 2.319,03 kg.cm-2 respectively. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that Ebony wood is classified to Strength Class I due to PKKI 1961, so it can be recommended for use in heavy construction such as bridge and building structures Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu  Ebony sebagai material konstruksi. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM D 143-94. -3Nilai kadar air rata-rata kayu Ebony diperoleh sebesar 12,90% dan berat jenis 0,92 gr.cm . Sementara nilai rata-rata MOE, kuat lentur, kuat tekan sejajar serat, kuat geser, dan kuat tarik -2 -2 -2sejajar serat berturut-turut adalah 180.425,87 kg.cm ; 1656,22 kg.cm ; 861,55 kg.cm ; -2 -2119,61 kg.cm ; dan 2.319,03 kg.cm . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kayu Ebony tergolong kelas kuat I menurut PKKI 1961, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk digunakan pada konstruksi-konstruksi berat seperti jembatan dan struktur bangunan.

scholarly journals Fire-resistant cellulose boards from waste newspaper, boric acid salts and protein binders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paalo Moreno ◽  
Nicole Villamizar ◽  
Jefferson Perez ◽  
Angelica Bayona ◽  
Jesús Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Protein Binders

Abstract Housing construction consumes more materials than any other economic activity, with a total of 40.6 Gt/year. Boards are placed between construction materials to serve as non-load-bearing partitions. Studies have been performed to find alternatives to conventional materials using recycled fibers, agro-industrial waste, and protein binders as raw materials. Here, fire-resistant cellulose boards with low density and adequate flexural strength were produced for use as non-load-bearing partitions using waste newspapers, soy protein, boric acid, and borax. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of the board component percentage on flame retardancy (UL 94 horizontal burning test), density (ASTM D1037-12) and flexural strength (ISO 178–2010). The cellulose boards were characterized by thermal analysis (ASTM E1131-14) and scanning electron microscopy. Fire-resistant cellulose boards were successfully made with low densities (120–170 kg/m3) and flexural strength (0.06–0.64 MPa). The mechanical performance and fire resistance of cellulose boards suggest their suitability for use as building materials. A useful and sustainable construction material with great potential is produced with the valorization of waste materials.

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