scholarly journals Execution by penitentiary institutions and bodies of the duty to preserve the environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042005
Author(s):  
A Yunusov ◽  
K Yunusova ◽  
M Yunusov ◽  
S Yunusov

Abstract The environmental problems that have become aggravated over the past decades at the national and global levels determine the search for new approaches to the organization of safe life and sustainable development in Russia. The definition of national environmental interests is extremely important, both theoretical-methodological and practical importance for the activities of many departments of Russia, designed to ensure its safety in the field of ecology. In our opinion, this is especially important for the prevention and localization of external threats in the ecological sphere, which realize their interests in the global and regional ecological spaces, primarily in the field of nature management. This study examines the problematic issues of environmental protection, rational nature management and environmental safety. Attention is drawn to the fact that the effectiveness of ensuring the environmental safety of the country depends on the systematic work of many state bodies, including the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. In conclusion, the authors proposed the necessary measures for the implementation of environmental safety by institutions of the penal system.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ali Ishag Adam Mohamed ◽  
Mustafa Omar Mohammed ◽  
Mohd. Nizam Bin Barom

The concept of development has evolved over the past two centuries. The main idea of economic development expanded from economic growth to poverty alleviation, sustainable development, human development, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Preliminary findings show that these concepts are mainly focused on the physical and material development, ignoring social development which is very fundamental to development. In recent years, the literatures have begun to emphasise that social development is an important dimension of development and its importance was confirmed globally after introducing SDGs. However, the findings in these works remain inconsistent to what constitutes social development, they lack consensus and clear definition of social development, they focus on the physical dimension of social development and, they emphasise on the physical dimension of social development frameworks. This study aims critically to examine the shortcomings and limitations of existing social development, along with its features, definitions and dimensions. The study also attempts to identify the shortcomings of social development frameworks, and to recommend the direction towards developing social development framework, which will be more comprehensive in nature. The paper employs meta-analysis and content analysis methods through the review and analysis of related literature on development, especially social development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
N.I. KHUMAROVA ◽  
H.O. TIUTIUNNYK

Topicality. The guiding vision of a stable market economy in Ukraine is accelerating the transition to the introduction of the principle of inclusiveness in market conditions, which, in the context of broadening the overall employment of the population, is an increase in access to education, entrepreneurship, services for young people, women, people in less developed regions and those with disabilities. Implementation of the country's strategic priorities for the transition to sustainable development should take place by ensuring inclusiveness, in particular through agricultural land use. An important task of promoting the principles of inclusiveness is to assess its impact on specific target groups.The introduction of inclusiveness in terms of economic development has a long-term perspective, covering social interests and the rational use of resources. The main focus is on productive employment as a means of reducing the stratification of society by income and raising the standard of living of less well-off people.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze the definition of the inclusiveness of nature use as an economic category in the context of land use, namely the development of inclusive activity. Disclosure of the characteristics of the inclusive approach to land use and outline its benefits. Formulation of the intrinsic features and objectives of the inclusive economy, in particular inclusive agricultural land use. Justification of the scientific principles of the implementation of the principles of organizing the inclusion of land use in agricultural activities.Research results. The concept of inclusiveness in the context of nature use in generalized form and in accordance with land use is developed in the part of expanding the attraction of as many members of society as possible. Improved conceptual-categorical apparatus of the study of "inclusiveness", in particular inclusive growth, inclusive economy, inclusive activity in the context of land use, inclusive ecological agriculture. The relationship between these categories is determined. Formed general scientific principles of inclusive development, principles of inclusive agricultural land use: systematic and complex, adequacy and flexibility, objectivity and accuracy, efficiency, purposefulness, scientific, priority of economic interests of the state. The principles of inclusive agricultural land use are determined on the basis of generally accepted conditions that form the basis of inclusive development and determine its directions and priorities. The advantages of creating ecologically clean lands and conducting ecologically oriented agriculture as one of the directions of development of inclusive nature management in Ukraine are grounded.Conclusion. It is substantiated that, despite a number of literature and discussion of this topic, there is no single definition of the concept of inclusive growth. In the article the genesis of inclusiveness is investigated and the preconditions of the emergence of "inclusive economy" are determined. It is determined that the basic principles under the influence of which the concept of "inclusiveness" was formed are from the theoretical and methodological foundations of sustainable development, "green economy", social economy, and innovation economics. The market component of inclusive land use has been identified and theoretically grounded, which is to involve individual and individual peasant farms in order to organize activities and processes of rational land use, which includes individuals from all walks of life and psychophysical possibilities, through the expansion of: access to land resources; possibilities of land use grouping; the availability of special technical equipment for all individuals; opportunities for obtaining or improving qualifications in the field of ecologically oriented agriculture.


Author(s):  
O. M. Klymenko ◽  
◽  
L. M. Korniiko ◽  

The current state of the ecological situation in our country is becoming dangerous not only for the present but for future generations largely. These are contradictory principles of sustainable development and threatens the further development of the state. Ensuring the sustainable development of human civilization depends on many factors and conditions. In recent decades, humanity has been actively implementing the concept of sustainable development. This concept became widespread after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. This concept of sustainable development creates possibility to achieve socio-ecological and economic security and safety. The concept of sustainable development is based on the impossibility of solving environmental safety problems separately without solving economic and social problems. Thus, focusing only on the economic indicators of production leads to a catastrophic deterioration of the environment and public health, which is accompanied by loss of ability to work, reduced efficiency, and, consequently, reduced Gross National Product. At present, the concept of sustainable development is especially relevant for our country in general and for its regions in particular. The problem of environmental safety plays an important role, as it ensures the use of natural resources that will contribute to their natural recovery as well as reduce the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the environment. For effective studying the problem of environmental safety we decided to assess environmental safety at the regional level on the example of Rivne region. The article considers the issue of assessing the state of ecological safety of residential areas of Rivne region. Analysis of recent research shows that environmental safety is formed under the influence of environmental, socio-economic and man-made factors. Therefore, the definition of environmental safety requires a comprehensive approach. Since the definition of local safety requires a comprehensive approach, it is based on assessing the socio-ecological safety of the research area. Achieving the goal is expected through the solution of the following tasks: - substantiate the selection of indicators for the assessment of residential areas; - to calculate the levels of security of residential areas of Rivne region for each district. The method of evaluation of scientists Gerasymchuk Z.V., Oleksiiuk A.O. is represented as a basis. It is proposed to divide all indicators into 3 blocks: resource, biosphere-centric and anthropocentric. The assessment is performed using indicators of partial integrated levels of environmental safety of three blocks of resource, biosphere-centric and anthropocentric. In the resource block we will analyze the indicators that show the number, level of involvement and efficiency of use. In the biosphere-centric we will analyze the indicators of anthropogenic impact on the environment through the formation of discharges, emissions and waste. In the anthropocentric block we will study the state of health of the population, the level of growth and population estimate. Then, based on these calculations for each unit, we determine a partial indicator of environmental safety. On the basis of the calculated 3 blocks according to a technique we will receive an integrated indicator of ecological safety. The integrated indicator gives a qualitative assessment of the ecological condition of each specific district according to the developed scale Gerasymchuk Z.V., Oleksiiuk A.O. Also this indicator gives us the possibility to make a comparative description of the districts among themselves. Thus, in our work it was established that in the vast majority in the zone of ecological threat there are 12 districts, in the zone of ecological danger - 3 districts of Rivne, Sarny, Zdolbuniv regions. In the zone of ecological risk is Berezne district. A large number of areas that are in the zone of danger indicates that these areas are characterized by a high level of man-made load on the environment. Based on this, to ensure the environmental security of the territory it is necessary to form the main and supplementary strategies, depending on the state of environmental security and financial capabilities of the region. Thus, the conducted diagnosis of environmental safety allowed to assess not only the integrated indicator of environmental safety, but also to identify the main factors that may lead to the deterioration of the environmental situation.


Author(s):  
N.A. Nikolaeva ◽  

The article considers the main current global trends in the field of foreign economic activity. The modern perspective of the development of the world economic space is justified. The legislative basis for the introduction and application of customs clearance procedures is given. The transition to sustainable development through the creation of a balanced system that combines environmental safety, social justice and economic efficiency is justified from the point of view of the study of the functioning and development of participants in foreign economic activity. However, the activation of states in the development of foreign economic activity is currently at different levels of interest, which explains the differences in the forms and features of regulation, time characteristics and degree of control. The main point in ensuring the effectiveness of foreign economic activity is to ensure the synergy effect in the development of strategic directions for further development between the world economic system – the state and the participants in foreign economic activity. The article highlights several main directions of ensuring sustainable development: the trajectory of the economic development of the enterprise, the achievement of social goals, compliance with the norms and rules of environmental behavior and foreign economic activity of the enterprise. The definition of sustainable development is given as the ability of a set of elements that represent a system to acquire and maintain positive dynamics of development based on improving the capabilities of business process participants in relation to the effective functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. An integral part of any foreign trade transaction is a well-regulated customs clearance procedure. Often, the time spent on performing customs operations may exceed the transit time and even the production time of the goods. At the same time, each algorithmic step of customs clearance contains a number of risky situations that can potentially destroy the entire international supply chain and lead to a violation of obligations under foreign trade transactions. Currently, in the customs of the Russian Federation, there is no single approach to the sequence of the customs clearance process, which allows us to talk in the article about the development of an algorithm of actions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Roman Drapezo ◽  
Vitaly Shelestukov

The article considers the analytical and statistical materials unfolding parameters of economic and ecological crime in Kemerovo Oblast. The close interrelation of quality indicators of the presented groups of crime is caused by the specifics of the coal-mining region. The illegal coal-mining developing in the territory of Kemerovo Oblast within the decades led to the irreversible ecological effects: pollution of rivers, air, soil, deforestation, etc. The administration of Kemerovo Oblast and the enterprises of the coal-mining industry paid attention to the problem not bringing desirable results. Formed in 2011 upon the request of the governor of Kemerovo Oblast the Prosecutor’s Office on the supervision of respecting the rule of law in the coal-mining industry combines the efforts of Rostekhnadzor (the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision) and Rosprirodnadzor (the Federal Service for Nature Management Supervision) for the prevention of proliferation of crimes in this sphere. Kemerovo State University combines the efforts of scientific community, executive authorities, public organizations and not indifferent residents of Kemerovo Oblast to recognize and prevent economic and ecological offenses. Kemerovo State University has been regularly holding the ecological and tax forums on its basis in recent years. They let bring the factors causing threat of the national security of the region and country in general to the authorities and the public.


Author(s):  
Vitaly Belozerov ◽  
Natalia Shchitova ◽  
Nikolai Sopnev

The article considers the experience of classification documents of the territorial planning and management of urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation. We have analyzed the documents of the federal level the main aim of which is regulating the processes of formation and development of agglomerations in the country. The documents developed in the regions over the past ten years, which regulate the functioning of all Russian urban agglomerations including laws, concepts, strategies, territorial planning schemes, inter-municipal agreements, and regulations on the activities of coordination councils are considered in detail. A comparative analysis of the documents allowed us to group agglomerations according to the degree of representation of the regulatory and documentary basis. There are five groups of agglomerations that differ in the number of documents and the degree of elaboration of agglomeration issues. The results revealed a significant gap between the selected groups. For agglomerations of the first and second groups we have prepared the complete sets of documentation, which reflect sufficiently the main parameters of agglomerations as integral system formations. For agglomerations included in the fourth group, there are no special documents, there are also some relevant materials in the regional documents of strategic and territorial planning which are characterized by poor elaboration. Agglomerations of the fifth group are not provided with regulatory documents at all, they are not considered as special formations. The analysis can contribute to improving the methodology of agglomeration development, understanding the need to expand and improve approaches to the management of urban agglomerations as integral objects. It is obvious that the urgent problem of sustainable development and functioning of urban agglomerations is the need to develop an innovative management model, its coordination with the regulatory framework of regional management structures, and a clear definition of conceptual and terminological and spatial-structural parameters.


2020 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Tetiana KORNIIENKO ◽  
Liudmyla CHVERTKO ◽  
Oksana VINNYTSKA

Introduction. Formation of the market relations during the years of Ukraine's independence has significantly affected the economic condition of the state. There have been radical changes in property relations, forms and methods of the state regulation, development priorities at both the state and regional levels. In general, this has led to instability in the internal and external economic environment and the emergence of new problems related to the further economic development of the country. The list of such problems includes ensuring of the economic security of the state and a particular region. The purpose of the paper is timely detection and neutralization of internal and external threats and dangers that affect the level of the economic security of the region will ensure its stable and most effective functioning at a certain time and high potential for development in future. Results. The use of the proposed algorithm for formation of the state of the economic security of Cherkasy region will not only identify and neutralize threats and risks but also ensure sustainable development of the region. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, we have developed a mechanism for managing the economic security of the region, which has five stages and allows you to take into account all the requirements for solving the problem of the economic security of Cherkasy region. The main condition for ensuring sustainable development of the region and achieving positive results of financial and economic activity is the formation of an effective mechanism of economic security, which should be aimed at protecting the enterprise from internal and external threats and dangers. It is advisable to form an effective mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the region, which would fulfill a certain set of tasks. Therefore, the definition of the effectiveness of solving issues of economic security formation is proposed to be implemented on a comprehensive basis. It should be done by the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of certain elements of the mechanism and functional components of economic security, the comprehensive assessment of the company compliance with the state of economic security and the assessment of the company effectiveness from the standpoint of sustainable development.


Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).


Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.


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