Improving Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
Sarah McBrien ◽  
Zachary Bailey ◽  
Jonathan Ryder ◽  
Paige Scholer ◽  
Geoffrey Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pathology Education

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the strength of study design and outcomes in literature describing pathology education for medical students.MethodsA search was conducted for articles related to pathology education published over 45 years describing an educational intervention. The primary data collected included phase of education, domain of objectives, number of learners and institutions, type of intervention, use of a comparison/control group, randomization, and strength of statistical analysis.ResultsOf 655 articles, 54 (8%) met inclusion criteria. The majority (65%) reported experiences of 100 learners or fewer, and only one was multi-institutional. Only 46% used a comparison/control group. Statistical significance of results was not reported in 39%. None examined outcomes at a point distant from the educational intervention.ConclusionsMost studies describing pathology educational interventions are not of strong experimental design. Consumers of educational research should be cognizant of these potential weaknesses in educational studies.

scholarly journals Efektivitas penggunaan video dan buku bergambar untuk meningkatkan ibu mencuci tangan dengan sabun

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Prita Devy Igiany ◽  
Toto Sudargo ◽  
Rendra Widyatama
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Handwashing With Soap ◽  
Illustrated Book

Effectiveness of video and illustrated book to improve mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and skill of handwashing with soapPurposeThis study aimed to determine the effect of video and illustrated book to mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and skill of handwashing with soap in Air Terbit village and Sungai Putih village. MethodsThis study used quasi-experimental design, with a non-equivalent control group design. Samples consisted of 21 respondents in each group, which were chosen with predetermined inclusion criteria. ResultsBivariate analysis showed no significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and skills (p>0.05) between illustrated book and video during the pretest. At the posttest, knowledge in both groups were significantly different (p<0.05) which showed the illustrated book was more effective to improve knowledge than video. For attitude and skills during posttest, results were significantly different showing the video was more effective to be used (p<0.05). Comparing knowledge, attitude and skill in the pretest and posttest in both groups, significant differences (p<0.05) were obtained. ConclusionIllustrated books effectively increased mothers' knowledge of handwashing with soap, while video was more effective to improve mothers’ attitude and skill of handwashing with soap.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Oral Administration and External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cervical Tuberculous

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Yang ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Total Effective Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect and value of oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Methods: A total of 56 patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy admitted to our hospital from January 1 to January 2018 were recruited. By using double-blind method, the patients were divided into control group (n=28) and experimental group (n=28). Control group comprised of patients with conventional anti-tuberculosis treatment, while the experimental group comprised of patients treated with oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine. Total effective rate, incidence of complication and level of T lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy patients. Results: Post-treatment data of total effective rate, complication rate, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of the experimental group were compared with the control group. P<0.05; statistical analysis showed statistical significance. Post-treatment data of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of both control and experimental groups were compared with pre-treatment data. P<0.05; statistical analysis showed statistical significance. Conclusion: Oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine possesses significant effect in treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy.

Psycho-educational interventions focused on maternal or infant sleep for pregnant women to prevent the onset of antenatal and postnatal depression: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsu Sasaki ◽  
Naonori Yasuma ◽  
Erika Obikane ◽  
Zui Narita ◽  
Junpei Sekiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of maternal and infant sleep intervention during women’s pregnancy for the purpose of preventing perinatal depression. Method A systematic search (from inception – January 28 th , 2019) for RCTs using five electronic databases—the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and Ichushi Web (Japan Medical Abstracts Society)—was conducted. Twelve investigators independently conducted initial screenings based on title and abstract, and then two researchers performed full-text reviews one by one. A meta-analysis would be conducted if at least three studies were found. However, only two articles that met inclusion criteria, and narrative data synthesis was conducted for these two articles. The study protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019119999). Result A total of 13,644 studies were initially searched. After removing duplicates, 10,537 studies were screened, and finally, two studies met the inclusion criteria. In both studies, the intervention was a one-time face-to-face session during pregnancy to deliver the behavioral knowledge and skills for optimizing sleep hygiene for both infant and mother. Effectiveness of the intervention in improving maternal mood was not significant in one study. In the other, there was a significant difference in maternal mood between the intervention and control group. No mood comparison was made between baseline and post-intervention. Conclusion This study found limited evidence to support the effectiveness of sleep intervention for all pregnant women, which means “universal intervention”, to protect maternal mental health. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

Randomized Controlled Trials of Headache Treatments in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa T. Bushman ◽  
Gabriella Cozzi ◽  
Rachel G. Sinkey ◽  
Catherine H. Smith ◽  
Michael W. Varner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Headache Diagnosis ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective Headaches affect 88% of reproductive-aged women. Yet data are limited addressing treatment of headache in pregnancy. While many women experience improvement in pregnancy, primary and secondary headaches can develop. Consequently, pregnancy is a time when headache diagnosis can influence maternal and fetal interventions. This study was aimed to summarize existing randomized control trials (RCTs) addressing headache treatment in pregnancy. Study Design We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SCOPUS from January 1, 1970 through June 31, 2019. Studies were eligible if they were English-language RCTs addressing treatment of headache in pregnancy. Conference abstracts and studies investigating postpartum headache were excluded. Three authors reviewed English-language RCTs addressing treatment of antepartum headache. To be included, all authors agreed each article to meet the following criteria: predefined control group, participants underwent randomization, and treatment of headache occurred in the antepartum period. If inclusion criteria were met no exclusions were made. Our systematic review registration number was CRD42019135874. Results A total of 193 studies were reviewed. Of the three that met inclusion criteria all were small, with follow-up designed to measure pain reduction and showed statistical significance. Conclusion Our systematic review of RCTs evaluating treatment of headache in pregnancy revealed only three studies. This paucity of data limits treatment, puts women at risk for worsening headache disorders, and delays diagnosis placing both the mother and fetus at risk for complications.

scholarly journals Telephone interventions for adherence to colpocytological examination

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Marques Lima ◽  
◽  
Ana Izabel Oliveira Nicolau ◽  
Francisco Herlânio Costa Carvalho ◽  
Camila Teixeira Moreira Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Behavioral Group ◽  
Health Education And Promotion

ABSTRACT Objective: to test the effects of behavioral and educational intervention by telephone on adherence of women with inappropriate periodicity to colpocytological examination. Method: quasi-experimental study with a sample of 524 women, selected with the following inclusion criteria: be aged between 25 and 64 years, have initiated sexual activity, have inappropriate periodicity of examination and have mobile or landline phone. The women were divided into two groups for application of behavioral and educational intervention by telephone. It was used an intervention script according to the principles of Motivational Interviewing. Results: on comparing the results before and after the behavioral and educational interventions, it was found that there was a statistically significant change (p = 0.0283) with increase of knowledge of women who participated in the educational intervention. There was no change in the attitude of women of any of the groups and there was an increase of adherence to colpocytological examination in both groups (p < 0.0001), with greater adherence of women participating in the behavioral group (66.8%). Conclusion: the behavioral and educational interventions by phone were effective in the adherence of women to colpocytological examination, representing important strategies for permanent health education and promotion of care for the prevention of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Audiological Rehabilitation for Facilitating Hearing Aid Use: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashir Aazh ◽  
Brian C. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Hearing Handicap

AbstractThis article reviews and critically analyzes the design of studies on the effect of audiological rehabilitation (AR) programs on hearing aid (HA) outcomes, in order to guide future research.The design of this study was a narrative review. Studies were included in the review if they were randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of AR on HA use and outcome between 2000 and 2016.Seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Most used educational rather than counseling approaches. Although educational AR programs seem to be useful in enhancing the use of communication strategies, there is limited evidence for their effect on HA use and self-perceived hearing handicap.More research is needed in this field. Future studies should (1) investigate the efficacy of AR interventions based on counseling and empathetic listening as opposed to or in addition to educational interventions, (2) use stricter criteria to include only a subpopulation of patients who do not get on well with their HAs, (3) measure the amount of HA use via data-logging and self-report questionnaires, and (4) use a matching comparison intervention for patients in the control group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hands-on Practice on the Skills Proficiency of Nursing Home Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dale E. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Clinical Nursing ◽  
Hands On

Background: The most recent nursing home regulations indicate that nurses must possess the skills sets needed to properly provide residents’ care (“Reform of Requirements,” 2016). Nursing home directors of nursing (DONs) frequently meet the requirement to train their nurses using online continuing education programs. However, the hands-on practice of fundamental clinical nursing skills necessary to maintain proficiency cannot be accomplished with this method. Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether an educational intervention including hands-on practice of two clinical skills would improve the skills proficiency of nursing home nurses. Method: The study used a pretest-posttest design with skills fair-style educational intervention for nursing home nurses recruited from two nursing homes. The pretest and posttest each included a multiple-choice quiz and hands-on demonstrations of two different clinical skills. Statistical analysis using paired t-tests showed significantly improved skills proficiency for the participating nurses following the educational intervention with hands-on practice of the two clinical skills. Findings: The findings suggest that nursing home DONs should consider educational interventions that include hands-on practice to maintain clinical skills proficiency.

STUDENTS’ TRANSLATION COMPETENCE THROUGH IDIOMATIC TRANSLATION AT SMA NEGERI 1 LANGSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
Mhd. Rasid Ritonga ◽  
Marda Ely Shinta ◽  
Siti Habsari Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this research is to find out the effect of students’ translation competence through the techique of idiomatic translation at SMA Negeri 1 Langsa with class XI IPA 6 as experimental group and XI IPA 7 as control group. The study was carried out by quasy experimental design. The data was collected through translation test. The study reveals that idiomatic translation improves students’ translation competence. The statistical analysis shows a significant difference between the two groups. The statistical analysis shows that t observed is higher than t table at the significant level of 5%. Therefore, the Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study suggests that this technique be applied in teaching translation in EFL classes.

scholarly journals School-based educational intervention to improve children’s oral health-related behaviors in rural Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Yusuke Furukawa ◽  
Fumihiko Yokota ◽  
Rafiqul Islam Maruf ◽  
Mariko Nishikitani ◽  
Kimiyo Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Control School ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention School ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
School Based

Children in rural Bangladesh have limited access to oral health services. As a pilot project, a one-day one-time oral health educational intervention was conducted at a primary school in Tangail district in Bangladesh. This study assessed the effect of this educational intervention on the children’s oral behaviors using controlled pre- and post-intervention design. Fifty-two students at the intervention school and 37 students at a control school agreed to participate in this study. A baseline survey was conducted for children at both schools using a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Children at the intervention school received face-to-face dental exercises and a group seminar. Six months after the intervention, a follow-up survey was conducted at both schools to compare changes in children’s oral behaviors at the two schools. The increase in the percentage of intervention-school participants who reported brushing their teeth two or more times per day between the baseline and follow-up surveys was 7.6 times greater than that in the control group (95% CI= 1.7–35.1; p<0.009). The increase in the percentage of intervention-school participants who reported brushing their teeth before bed between the two surveys was 7.3 times greater than that in the control group (95% CI=1.6–34.0; p<0.001). The findings suggest the importance of skill-based intervention, in collaboration with dentists, school teachers, parents, and community health educators. Future studies on the effectiveness of school-based educational interventions should consider longer-term sustainable behavioral changes in children’s oral health.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 27-33

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN COMBINATION WITH OBESITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
E F Glushkova ◽  
N V Shartanova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background. Obesity is considered to be one of the risk factors for the development of bronchial asthma (BA) and the reasons for lack of control can probably influence on inflammation of respiratory tract. However, the nature of these relationships needs to be clarified. The aim of the research was to characterise it clinically, functionally, allergologically and endocrinologically, to highlight the features of the course and to define the tactics of treating patients suffering from bronchial asthma in combination with obesity. Methods. The research was made on the basis of the National Research Center - Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia: both in outpatient and inpatient conditions. A statistical analysis of 367 patients treated in inpatient conditions due to exacerbation of asthma of various severity and different BMI was performed. 40 patients with BA who satisfied all inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria were treated in outpatient conditions. Patients were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 20 patients suffering from asthma and having a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2. A control group consisted of 20 patients suffering from asthma and having a normal BMI. Results. When the data of the research was analyzed, it was found that the prevalence of obesity among the 367 patients with asthma and being treated in inpatient conditions in 2013-2015 was 44,9% of patients, which is comparable to the prevalence of obesity among the population in general. Conclusions. The data of the patients suffering from asthma and obesity treated both in inpatient and outpatient conditions, was analyzed and it is set that obesity does not affect the severity of the clinical course of asthma. It is shown that obesity does not affect the control of symptoms of asthma.

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