A - 11 Are Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms an Accurate Evaluation of Cognitive Functioning?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-651
Author(s):  
Hansen J ◽  
Mrazik M ◽  
Wagner R ◽  
Arends P ◽  
Varkovestski M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Cognitive Symptom ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Post Test

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether self-reports of cognitive symptoms were associated with cognitive test performances. Methods The sample included 112 Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes who were diagnosed using CFL concussion protocols. All participants underwent a cognitive assessment at baseline and prior to medical clearance. The battery included the immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) and The Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist. Results Self-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performances were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlations (rho; ρ). There were significant negative correlations between post-concussion verbal memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptoms total (ρ = −0.22). Similar patterns were found for visual memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptom total (ρ = −0.19). Paired-samples t-tests were used to assess differences between pre- and post-concussion scores. Cases were omitted if there were no pre- or post-test. If multiple concussions were sustained, the first assessment was used (n = 99). There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test results between the subjective cognitive symptom total (t = −2.034, p > 0.05). Conclusions These outcomes suggest that CFL athletes report significantly higher cognitive symptoms following a concussion. Additionally, the pre-test subjective measures were not correlated to objective cognitive functioning. However, post-concussion subjective measures were negatively correlated with verbal and visual memory. This suggests that self-reports were more accurate at assessing their overall functioning following a concussion.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Self-differentiation Training Based on the Bowen Theory on Marital Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Mina Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Seyedeh Zahra Alibakhshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bowen Theory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Marital satisfaction is a basis of other social organization health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the self-differentiation training based on the Bowen Theory to increase marital satisfaction. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and the pre-test-posttest design with the control group. In this intervention, the population of this study was selected by the convenience sampling method and 38 married women were randomly assigned to the experimental (n= 12) and control (n= 12) groups in Tehran in 2018. The Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) and Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI) were completed by married women. The control group received no training. The intervention included 10 sessions of self-differentiation training based on the Bowen theory. Twelve women participated in this semi-experimental project selected by convenience sampling as an experimental group and twelve women as a control group. The brief couple-based therapy was taught in 10 sessions based on techniques of Bowen therapy and four components of differentiation. The data were analyzed by SPSS v. 23 software. Results: There was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. In addition, training based on the DST approach could significantly increase marital satisfaction (t= 21.62, df= 22, P<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group. Therefore, the training could significantly increase the self-differentiation of married women. These findings can be used to design interventional programs to improve conflict, adaptation, intimacy, and marital satisfaction of the couples.

scholarly journals O treinamento mental gera efeito positivo na ansiedade competitiva de jovens nadadores?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo De Sousa Fortes ◽  
Hugo Augusto Alvares da Silva Lira ◽  
Raphaella Christine Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Sebastião Sousa Almeida ◽  
Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Subscale Score ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p353 The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of mental training on the competitive anxiety of young swimmers. The sample consisted of 35 swimmers aged 15 - 17 years (M = 15.93; SD = 0.98), randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 17) and control group (CG, n = 18). The study lasted eight weeks. Both groups performed the same physical/technical training planning. CG watched advertisement videos while EG performed mental training. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) was administered to all athletes before the start of the season and the last week of the “taper” mesocycle. The findings revealed that the “cognitive anxiety” and “somatic anxiety” subscale scores attenuated from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.15). The results showed that the “self-confidence” subscale score increased from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.26). Significant difference was found in “cognitive anxiety” (p = 0.01), “somatic anxiety” (p = 0.01) and “self-confidence” (p = 0.01) subscales across EG and CG after 8 weeks. It was concluded that mental training was effective in reducing anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and increasing the self-confidence of young swimmers. 

scholarly journals Experiential Learning Program to Strengthen Self-Reflection and Critical Thinking in Freshmen Nursing Students during COVID-19: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chuan Cheng ◽  
Li-Chi Huang ◽  
Chi-Hsuan Yang ◽  
Hsing-Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Teaching Concept ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

This article focuses on the unique needs and concerns of nursing educators and nursing students in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. During social distancing, interacting with other human beings has been restricted. This would undermine the experiential learning of nursing students. Hence, it is important to develop and evaluate an experiential learning program (ELP) for nursing education. A pre-test and post-test design were used. The study was conducted in a university in Central Taiwan. A total of 103 nursing students participated in the study from February to June 2019. The study intervention was the experiential learning program (ELP), including bodily experiences and nursing activities with babies, pregnant women, and the elderly. After the intervention, the students completed the self-reflection and insight scale (SRIS) and Taiwan Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (TCTDI) as outcome measures. An independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in both SRIS and TCTDI (p < 0.01). The Pearson product–moment correlation analysis showed that SRIS and TCTDI were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01). ELP has a significant impact on the self-reflection and critical thinking of first-year nursing students, which can be used as a reference for the education of nursing students. During these turbulent times, it is especially vital for faculties to provide experiential learning instead of the traditional teaching concept.

scholarly journals Self-awareness Skill Training of Mothers as the Head of the Household and the Self-efficacy of Their Sons

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Maliheh Aziznejad ◽  
◽  
Sara Janmohammadi ◽  
Marhamat Farahaninia ◽  
Hamid Haghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post Test

Background: The adults’ life is rooted in their childhood. Children living in single-parent families have less self-efficacy than others. Educating self-awareness skill reliance on the family is among the key aspects of self-efficacy promotion in early childhood. The present study aimed to determine the effect of self-awareness training of the mothers as the head of the household on the self-efficacy of their 10- to 12-year-old sons. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a Pre-test-Post-test and a control group design. The study sample consisted of 10- to 12-year-old boys (N=71) from public schools of Ray City, Iran, and their heads of the family mothers. The study subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Pre-test was administered to both groups. Then, the mothers of the intervention group attended four 45-minute training sessions twice a week. Moreover, the Post-test was administered to the groups three months after the end of the intervention. The required data were collected by demographic characteristics form, Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS), and Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C). Furthermore, the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including the Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Independent Samples t-test, Paired Samples t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS. Results: The study results suggested a significant difference in self-awareness Mean±SD scores of the mothers in the intervention group before (41.77±10.59) and after (53.83±8.43) conducting the intervention (P<0.001); however, such difference was not significantly different in the control group before (47.31±12.45) and three months after the intervention (47.05±11.76). There was a significant difference between the self-efficacy Mean±SD scores of boys in the intervention group before (61.88±9.29) and after (70.44±8.12) providing the intervention (P<0.001); however, this difference was not significantly different in the control group before (65.68±11.33) and after the intervention provision (65.14±12.01). Conclusion: In this study, mothers’ self-awareness positively affected their sons’ self-efficacy. Thus, self-awareness enabled mothers to identify the emotions of themselves and their children and become aware of them and pay more attention to interacting with their children. These findings help school health nurses in providing a proper educational environment with the collaboration of mothers who are the head of the family.

scholarly journals Cinematherapy Meningkatkan Kendali Diri Mahasiswa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Solihatun Solihatun ◽  
Evi Fitriyanti ◽  
Melina Lestari
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Instrument ◽  
Test Variable ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cinematherapy in improving student self-control. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The sample of this study were 21 Unindra students. The self control instrument used is a Likert scale model. The results showed the percentage of Pre Test and post test showed that there were 4 students who had self-control in the excellent category of 19%. Furthermore, there are 17 students who have a good category by 81%. Next, if seen from the t test results show that the value of the Pre Test obtained an average of self-control or a mean of 218.9. While the Post Full Self Test value was 222.9. So with that it means descriptively there is a difference in the average of self control between the Pre Test and the Post Test results. However, it is not significant. Based on the value of the correlation coefficient (correlation) of 0.350 with a significance value (sig.) Of 0,000 because the value of Sig. 0,000 <probability 0.05, it can be said that there is a relationship between the Pre Test variable and the Post Test variable. However, it is not significant. So it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in average between Pre-Test and Post-Test self-control, which means that cinematherapy has proven ineffective in increasing the self-control of UNINDRA students.

Demographic and neuro-cognitive characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in Bahrain

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1396-1396
Author(s):  
C. Kamel ◽  
I. Grey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Rule Acquisition ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Previous research has indicated differential patterns of neuro-cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we explored the relationship between neuro-cognitive functioning with both socio-demographic and symptom characteristics of 35 Arab patients attending an out-patient psychiatric clinic in the kingdom of Bahrain.All patients participated in an OPCRIT diagnostic assessment, assisted in the completion of a socio-demographic questionnaire (CSSRI) and completed a minimum of four computerized neuro-cognitive tests from the CANTAB. These were Motor Screening (MOT), Paired Associates Learning (PAL: Visual Leaning and New Memory), Stockings of Cambridge (SOC: Spatial Planning and Frontal Lobe functioning) and Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED: Testing rule acquisition and reversal)). The average age of onset of symptoms was at age 28 (age range 19–47) and symptom onset in the majority of cases was within between 1 and 6 months. Results indicated using standard score measures on tests of cognitive function that the majority of patients experienced significant deficits in the areas of frontal lobe functioning, working memory and visual memory. Neuro-cognitive test results were not related to(1) presence/absence of insight,(b) diagnostic category, and(c) duration of illness.However, results did appear to predict employment status.Results are discussed in the context of service provision and development of psychiatric services for patients with schizophrenia in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

scholarly journals Effect of aaditya hridaya stotram on self-confidence and anxiety of college going students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
ARUN K. SAO ◽  
AKHILESHWAR SAO
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Positive Effect

Mantra or stotra recitation is an easy way to self-realization and good health. The practices of mantra or stotra can give eternal peace, bliss and immortality. It enhances self confidence, mental strength and reduces level of anxiety, stress & depression. Mantra is an essential part of yoga "Mananat trayate iti mantrah". The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of aditya hridaya stotram on self-confidence and anxiety of college going students. In this study 30 subjects (age 17-21) were taken from DAV, Pnadrakheri, Chhindwara (M.P.) by random sampling method. Pre-test post-test design was used. Participants recited Aaditya Hridaya Stotram for 30 minutes during the morning, for 45 days. Agnihotri’s Self-Confidence Inventory by Rekha Agnihotri and Sinha Comprehensive Anxiety Test by Sinha and Sinha were used to measure the self confidence and anxiety level. There was significant difference (P=0.01) in the self confidence and anxiety level between the pre test and the post test. This study shows the significant and positive effect of Aaditya Hridaya Stotram on self confidence and anxiety level.

scholarly journals The effct of peer education on the self-efficy and mental adjustment of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-566
Author(s):  
Rita Rezaee ◽  
Nasrin Shokrpour ◽  
Maryam Rahimi ◽  
Arash Mani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Mental Adjustment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Background: Breast cancer ranks the first common cancer in women in Iran and is the fifth mostcommon cause of death. Peer education on the self-efficacy and mental adjustment of breastcancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can contribute to their easier adaptation to the disease.This study aimed to determine the improved mental adjustment and self-efficacy for womenundergoing chemotherapy through peer education. Study Design: This study was conductedusing pre- and post-test follow up and control design approach. 70 women with breast cancerwho underwent chemotherapy in Nemazi hospital participated in this study. Method: Usingconvenient sampling, the participant were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Theexperimental group was randomly assigned to four groups and peer education was conductedone educational session per week for 6 weeks. To assess mental adjustment and self-efficacybefore and after the study, Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) and Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B) questionnaires were used.Chi-square and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: For the experimental group, theresults showed statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy (p<0.000) while the controlgroup showed no significant difference in self-efficacy. Mental adjustment inside each groupshowed a significant increase over the time, but no statistically difference was observed betweenthe groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that peer led education is a useful teaching strategy asa supportive intervention for women undergoing chemotherapy to improve their self-efficacyregarding breast cancer. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.558-566

Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and feedback exposure conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48
Author(s):  
Takehiro Iizuka ◽  
Kimi Nakatsukasa
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Instructional Settings ◽  
The Impact

This exploratory study examined the impact of implicit and explicit oral corrective feedback (CF) on the development of implicit and explicit knowledge of Japanese locative particles (activity de, movement ni and location ni) for those who directly received CF and those who observed CF in the classroom. Thirty-six college students in a beginning Japanese language course received either recast (implicit), metalinguistic (explicit) or no feedback during an information-gap picture description activity, and completed a timed picture description test (implicit knowledge) and an untimed grammaticality judgement test (explicit knowledge) in a pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test. The results showed that overall there was no significant difference between CF types, and that CF benefited direct and indirect recipients similarly. Potential factors that might influence the effectiveness of CF, such as instructional settings, complexity of target structures and pedagogy styles, are discussed.

Employing Personal Reading Logs through Short Stories to Enhance Students’ L2 Reading Comprehension Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eliyas Sulaiman Mohandas ◽  
Nik Mastura Nik Ismail Azlan ◽  
Salwa Othman ◽  
Muhammad Aizat Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
P Value ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Reading Score ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension

This study aims to investigate whether the use of six selected short stories throughout the duration of a 14-week course could enhance students’ reading comprehension achievement at the end of the semester. Out of the six short stories read, three were chosen as in-class assignments known as ‘Personal Reading Logs’ (hereafter, PRLs). One group of semester two Diploma students taking a reading skills course was selected through a convenience sampling method. A pre-test was conducted by having the students answer a past semester reading quiz of which the results would then be compared to their post-test (final reading exam) results. A paired samples t-test revealed no significant difference in the reading scores of the pre-test and the post-test, t (17) = -.265, p > .05. Since the p-value was bigger than 0.05, this indicated that the mean reading score of the post-test (M = 50.556) was not significantly higher than the mean reading score of the pre-test (M = 49.722). Therefore, the null hypothesis which stated that there was no difference in the mean score of the pre-test and post-test was retained. Overall, the result refuted the findings of other studies promoting the effectiveness of using short stories to enhance L2 reading comprehension achievement.

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