scholarly journals Protein Intake During Early Complementary Feeding Affects the Gut Microbiota in U.S. Formula-fed Infants (FS04-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Tang ◽  
Daniel Frank ◽  
Audrey Hendricks ◽  
Diana Ir ◽  
Nancy Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives Distinctive growth patterns were observed in formula-fed infants consuming a meat- or dairy-based complementary diet. The gut microbiota and its metabolites are characterized and compared in infants consuming these two common protein-rich foods. Methods Healthy, term, formula-fed infants were recruited from metro Denver area, matched by sex and race/ethnicity, and randomized to a meat or a dairy complementary food group from 5 to 12 months of age. Meat- and dairy-based complementary foods and the same infant formula were provided. Total protein intake during the 7-month intervention was ∼3 g/kg/d for both groups. Intakes of infant formula, cereal, fruits, and vegetables were ad libitum. 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal metabolomics were conducted on stool samples collected at 5, 10 and 12 months. Results Stool samples were collected from 59 infants (Meat n = 29; Dairy n = 30). Alpha diversity increased over time in the meat group (P = 0.007), not dairy (P = 0.17). Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum for both groups at all time points and Proteobacteria decreased abundance from 5 (10 ± 4%) to 12 months (5 ± 3%) in both groups. At Genus level, Bifidobacterium significantly decreased (21% to 16%, P = 0.001) and Faecalibacteriumsignificantly increased (0.5 to 3.5%, P = 0.0006) over time in both groups, as expected for this age range and with the transition to complementary feeding. A significant group-by-time interaction was observed for Ruminococcus (P = 0.001) and Roseburia (P = 0.002), with increased abundances only in the meat group, not dairy. The abundance of Ruminococcus at 12 months was positively associated with length-for-age Z scores in the dairy group (P = 0.007, R2 = 31%). Both Ruminococcus and Roseburia are potential short-chain fatty acid producers and we saw a significant increase of butyrate and acetate productions in the meat group over time. Conclusions Types of protein-rich foods during complementary feeding were associated with the gut microbial composition and metabolites in formula-fed infants. These changes of the gut microbiota may be associated with the different infant growth patterns. Funding Sources NIH (NIDDK), NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA and (alphabetically) Abbott Nutrition, the American Heart Association, the Beef Checkoff through the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Leprino foods, the National Pork Board.

scholarly journals Dynamic signatures of gut microbiota and influences of delivery and feeding modes during the first 6 months of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yang ◽  
Renyuan Gao ◽  
Sainan Cui ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

The gut microbiota of infants changes over time and is affected by various factors during early life. However, rarely have studies explored the gut microbiota development and affecting factors in the Chinese infant population. We enrolled 102 infants and collected stool samples from them at birth, 42 days, 3 mo, and 6 mo after delivery to characterize the microbiota signatures and the effects of different factors that modulate the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function over time. DNA extracted from the bacteria in the stool samples was subjected to high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Microbial richness and diversity increased significantly during the first 6 mo of life. Beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Blautia were found to be increased in the infant’s gut at 6 mo, while pathological bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella decreased over time. The changes in the infant delivery mode and infant-feeding mode only produced changes in the microbial composition, whereas changes in bacterial richness, diversity and effects sizes on the microbial architecture were all time dependent. A comparison of infant delivery modes conveyed a decrease in abundance of Bacteroidetes over time in the gut of infants born via C-section, while the Bifidobacterium was the most dominant genus in the vaginal delivery group. The gut microbiota of infants changed extensively during the first 6 mo of life. Delivery and feeding modes were strong factors that significantly affected microbial architecture and functions.

scholarly journals Postoperative Complications Are Associated with Long-Term Changes in the Gut Microbiota Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Felix C.F. Schmitt ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
William Mathejczyk ◽  
Markus A. Weigand ◽  
Jane C. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Stool Samples

Changes in the gut microbiome have already been associated with postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery. However, it is still unclear whether these changes are transient or a long-lasting effect. Therefore, the aim of this prospective clinical pilot study was to examine long-term changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes with the clinical course of the patient. Methods: In total, stool samples of 62 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients undergoing primary tumor resection were analyzed by 16S-rDNA next-generation sequencing. Stool samples were collected preoperatively in order to determine the gut microbiome at baseline as well as at 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter to observe longitudinal changes. Postoperatively, the study patients were separated into two groups—patients who suffered from postoperative complications (n = 30) and those without complication (n = 32). Patients with postoperative complications showed a significantly stronger reduction in the alpha diversity starting 6 months after operation, which does not resolve, even after 24 months. The structure of the microbiome was also significantly altered from baseline at six-month follow-up in patients with complications (p = 0.006). This was associated with a long-lasting decrease of a large number of species in the gut microbiota indicating an impact in the commensal microbiota and a long-lasting increase of Fusobacterium ulcerans. The microbial composition of the gut microbiome shows significant changes in patients with postoperative complications up to 24 months after surgery.

The Nursing Home Older Adult Gut Microbiome Composition Shows Time-dependent Dysbiosis and is Influenced by Medication Exposures, Age, Environment, and Frailty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Haran ◽  
Abigail Zeamer ◽  
Doyle V Ward ◽  
Protiva Dutta ◽  
Vanni Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Older adults in nursing homes (NHs) have increased frailty, medication, and antimicrobial exposures, all factors that are known to affect the composition of gut microbiota. Our objective was to define which factors have the greatest association with the NH resident gut microbiota, explore patterns of dysbiosis and compositional changes in gut microbiota over time in this environment. We collected serial stool samples from NH residents. Residents were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and Clinical Frailty Scale. Bacterial composition of resident stool samples was determined by metagenomic sequencing. We used mixed-effect random forest modeling to identify clinical covariates that associate with microbiota. We enrolled and followed 166 residents from 5 NHs collecting 512 stool samples and following 15 residents for > 1 year. Medications, particularly psychoactive and anti-hypertensive medications, had the greatest effect on the microbiota. Age and frailty also contributed, and were associated with increased and decreased diversity, respectively. The microbiota of residents who had lived in the NH for > 1 year were enriched in inflammatory and pathogenic species and reduced in anti-inflammatory and symbiotic species. We observed intra-individual stability of the microbiome among older adults who had lived in the NH already for >1 year followed with sample collections 1 year apart. Older adult NH gut microbiome is heavily influenced by medications, age, and frailty. This microbiome is influenced by length of NH residence with dysbiosis becoming evident at 12 months, however after this point there is demonstrated relative stability over time.

Respiratory and Gut Microbiota of Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jannaina Ferreira de Melo Vasco ◽  
Carlos A. Riedi ◽  
Camila Marconi ◽  
Keite S. Nogueira ◽  
Luiza Souza Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Stool Samples

Differences in the clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis (CF) may be due to microbiota components and their relationship with the host’s immune system. In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the composition of the respiratory and gut microbiota of a cohort of clinically stable children with CF, homozygous for the p.Phe508del mutation. Oropharyngeal swabs and stool samples were obtained from these children attending the CF referral clinics at the Hospital of Clinics, Federal University Paraná (CHC – UFPR). Oropharyngeal and gut microbiota were assessed by V3-V4 sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA, and bioinformatics analyses were performed using a proprietary pipeline. We identified a total of 456 bacterial taxa belonging to 164 genera, of which 65 (39.6 %) were common to both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Taxa from eight genera dominated more than 75 % of the microbial composition of both the niches. Among these dominant taxa, only Prevotella spp. were common to both the sites. Overall, the respiratory and gut microbiota were homogeneous among all the patients. Longitudinal studies targeting a larger cohort are important for an improved understanding of how the composition of bacterial communities is related to changes in the clinical status of CF

scholarly journals Protein Intake during the First Two Years of Life and Its Association with Growth and Risk of Overweight

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Dairy Protein

Growth patterns early in life could exert a long-term impact on overweight and obesity development. Among all potential manipulative factors, infant diet is one of the most influential and could affect growth and subsequent health status during adolescence and adulthood. Dietary protein, as an important macronutrient in infants’ diet, has been of special interest to researchers. Compared with human milk, infant formula tends to have a higher protein content and is associated with greater weight gain and later-in-life obesity risk. However, the effect of protein from other sources on infant growth trajectories during complementary feeding is not clear. Emerging research suggests that meat protein during early complementary feeding promotes linear growth while not increasing risk of overweight compared with dairy protein; and the gut microbiota might be a mediator between protein quality and growth trajectories. This review addresses the current knowledge of protein intake from birth to 24 months and its relationship with growth and risk of overweight.

scholarly journals A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Cronin ◽  
Wiley Barton ◽  
Peter Skuse ◽  
Nicholas C. Penney ◽  
Isabel Garcia-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Many components of modern living exert influence on the resident intestinal microbiota of humans with resultant impact on host health. For example, exercise-associated changes in the diversity, composition, and functional profiles of microbial populations in the gut have been described in cross-sectional studies of habitual athletes. However, this relationship is also affected by changes in diet, such as changes in dietary and supplementary protein consumption, that coincide with exercise. To determine whether increasing physical activity and/or increased protein intake modulates gut microbial composition and function, we prospectively challenged healthy but sedentary adults with a short-term exercise regime, with and without concurrent daily whey protein consumption. Metagenomics- and metabolomics-based assessments demonstrated modest changes in gut microbial composition and function following increases in physical activity. Significant changes in the diversity of the gut virome were evident in participants receiving daily whey protein supplementation. Results indicate that improved body composition with exercise is not dependent on major changes in the diversity of microbial populations in the gut. The diverse microbial characteristics previously observed in long-term habitual athletes may be a later response to exercise and fitness improvement. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota of humans is a critical component of functional development and subsequent health. It is important to understand the lifestyle and dietary factors that affect the gut microbiome and what impact these factors may have. Animal studies suggest that exercise can directly affect the gut microbiota, and elite athletes demonstrate unique beneficial and diverse gut microbiome characteristics. These characteristics are associated with levels of protein consumption and levels of physical activity. The results of this study show that increasing the fitness levels of physically inactive humans leads to modest but detectable changes in gut microbiota characteristics. For the first time, we show that regular whey protein intake leads to significant alterations to the composition of the gut virome.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Health and the Gut Microbiota Cannot Be Extrapolated from One Population to Others

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Garcia-Mazcorro ◽  
Giuliana Noratto ◽  
Jose Remes-Troche
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biomedical Community ◽  
Improve Health

Gluten-related disorders (GRD) affect millions of people worldwide and have been related to the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. These disorders present differently in each patient and the only treatment available is a strict life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). Several studies have investigated the effect of a GFD on the gut microbiota of patients afflicted with GRD as well as healthy people. The purpose of this review is to persuade the biomedical community to think that, while useful, the results from the effect of GFD on health and the gut microbiota cannot be extrapolated from one population to others. This argument is primarily based on the highly individualized pattern of gut microbial composition and metabolic activity in each person, the variability of the gut microbiota over time and the plethora of factors associated with this variation. In addition, there is wide variation in the composition, economic viability, and possible deleterious effects to health among different GFD, both within and among countries. Overall, this paper encourages the conception of more collaborative efforts to study local populations in an effort to reach biologically and medically useful conclusions that truly contribute to improve health in patients afflicted with GRD.

scholarly journals Dietary Filamentous Fungi and Duration of Feeding Modulates Gut Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprajita Singh ◽  
Sajjad Karimi ◽  
Aleksandar Vidakovic ◽  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Markus Langeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Over Time

Changes in gut microbial composition over time in rainbow trout fed differentially processed diets supplemented with the filamentous fungi Neurospora intermedia were investigated in a 30-day feeding trial. Fish were fed a reference diet, non-preconditioned diet (NPD), or preconditioned (heat-treated) diet (PD), with the same inclusion level of N. intermedia in diets NPD and PD. Gut microbiota were analyzed on day 0, 10, 20, and 30. Gut microbial composition was similar for all diets on day 0, but was significantly different at day 10 and day 20. On day 30, the gut again contained similar communities irrespective of diet. The overall gut microbiota for each diet changed over time. Abundance of Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus was higher in the initial days of feeding in fish fed on commercial diet, while a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis) was observed on day 30. Feed processing (preconditioning) did not contribute largely in shaping the gut microbiome. These results indicate that dietary manipulation and duration of feeding should be considered when evaluating gut microbial composition in cultured fish. A minimum 30-day feeding trial is suggested for gut microbiome, host and diet interaction studies.

scholarly journals Does entry to center-based childcare affect gut microbial colonization in young infants?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerben D. A. Hermes ◽  
Henrik A. Eckermann ◽  
Willem M. de Vos ◽  
Carolina de Weerth
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
And Control

Abstract Entry to center-based childcare (CC) at three months of life can be an important challenge for infants as it includes major stressors such as long maternal separations and frequently changing caregivers. Stress and the new environment may in turn alter the composition of the gut microbiota with possible implications for future health outcomes. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, we investigated whether CC, as compared to being cared for by the parents at home, alters the composition of the gut microbiota, while accounting for known covariates of the infant gut microbiota. Stool samples of infants who entered CC (n = 49) and control infants (n = 49) were obtained before and four weeks after CC entrance. Using Redundancy analysis, Random Forests and Bayesian linear models we found that infant gut microbiota was not affected in a uniform way by entry to CC. In line with the literature, breastfeeding, birth mode, age, and the presence of siblings were shown to significantly impact the microbial composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Complementary Feeding With Different Protein-Rich Foods on Infant Growth and Gut Health: Study Protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Tang ◽  
Kinzie L. Matz ◽  
Lillian M. Berman ◽  
Kathryn N. Davis ◽  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Protein Rich

Background: An urgent need exists for evidence-based dietary guidance early in life, particularly regarding protein intake. However, a significant knowledge gap exists in the effects of protein-rich foods on growth and development during early complementary feeding.Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial of infant growth and gut health (primary outcomes). We directly compare the effects of dietary patterns with common protein-rich foods (meat, dairy, plant) on infant growth trajectories and gut microbiota development (monthly assessments) during early complementary feeding in both breast- and formula-fed infants. Five-month-old infants (up to n = 300) are randomized to a meat-, dairy-, plant-based complementary diet or a reference group (standard of care) from 5 to 12 months of age, with a 24-month follow-up assessment. Infants are matched for sex, mode of delivery and mode of feeding using stratified randomization. Growth assessments include length, weight, head circumference and body composition. Gut microbiota assessments include both 16S rRNA profiling and metagenomics sequencing. The primary analyses will evaluate the longitudinal effects of the different diets on both anthropometric measures and gut microbiota. The secondary analysis will evaluate the potential associations between gut microbiota and infant growth.Discussion: Findings are expected to have significant scientific and health implications for identifying beneficial gut microbial changes and dietary patterns and for informing dietary interventions to prevent the risk of overweight and later obesity, and promote optimal health.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05012930.

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