scholarly journals Anti-Convulsant Activity ofBoerhaavia diffusa: Plausible Role of Calcium Channel Antagonism

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Goel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bay K 8644 ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

“Ethnopharmacological” use of roots ofBoerhaavia diffusa(B. diffusa) in the treatment of epilepsy in Nigerian folk medicine and reports showing the presence of a calcium channel antagonistic compound “liriodendrin” in its roots, led us to undertake the present study. The study was designed to investigate the methanolic root extract ofB. diffusaand its different fractions including liriodendrin-rich fraction for exploring the possible role of liriodendrin in its anti-convulsant activity. Air-dried roots ofB. diffusawere extracted with methanol by cold maceration. The methanol soluble fraction of extract thus obtained was successively extracted to obtain liriodendrin-rich fraction and two side fractions, that is, chloroform fraction and phenolic compound fraction. Anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract (1000, 1500 and 2000 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and its different fractions, that is, liriodendrin-rich fraction (10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1, i.p., chloroform fraction (20 mg kg-1, i.p.) and phenolic compound fraction (1 mg kg-1, i.p.) were studied in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures (75 mg kg-1, i.p.). The crude methanolic extract ofB. diffusaand only its liriodendrin-rich fraction showed a dose-dependent protection against PTZ-induced convulsions. The liriodendrin-rich fraction also showed significant protection against seizures induced by BAY k-8644. These findings reiterated the anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract ofB. diffusaroots. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the observed anti-convulsant activity was due to its calcium channel antagonistic action as this activity was retained only in the liodendrin-rich fraction, which has additionally been confirmed by significant anti-convulsant activity of liriodendrin-rich fraction in BAY k-8644-induced seizures.

Depolarization-stimulated cholecystokinin secretion is mediated by L-type calcium channels in STC-1 cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. G287-G290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Mangel ◽  
L. Scott ◽  
R. A. Liddle
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Bay K 8644 ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Single Channel Currents ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cck Release

To examine the role of calcium channels in depolarization-activated cholecystokinin (CCK) release, studies were performed in an intestinal CCK-secreting cell line, STC-1. Blockade of potassium channels with barium chloride (5 mM) increased the release of CCK by 374.6 +/- 46.6% of control levels. Barium-induced secretion was inhibited by the L-type calcium-channel blocker, nicardipine. Nicardipine (10(-9)-10(-5) M) produced a dose-dependent inhibition in barium-stimulated secretion with a half-maximal inhibition (IC50) value of 0.1 microM. A second L-type calcium-channel blocker, diltiazem (10(-9)-10(-4) M), also inhibited barium-induced CCK secretion with an IC50 value of 5.1 microM. By contrast, the T-type calcium-channel blocker, nickel chloride (10(-7)-10(-8) M), failed to significantly inhibit barium-induced CCK secretion. To further evaluate a role for L-type calcium channels in the secretion of CCK, the effects of the L-type calcium channel opener, BAY K 8644, were examined. BAY K 8644 (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced a dose-dependent stimulation in CCK release with a mean effective concentration value of 0.2 microM. Recordings of single-channel currents from inside-out membrane patches showed activation of calcium channels by BAY K 8644 (1 microM), with a primary channel conductance of 26.0 +/- 1.2 pS. It is concluded that inhibition of potassium channel activity depolarizes the plasma membrane, thereby activating L-type, but not T-type, calcium channels. The corresponding influx of calcium serves to trigger secretion of CCK.

Protective Role of Raphanus Sativus Root Extract on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaturvedi ◽  
George ◽  
Machacha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The methanol extract of Raphanus sativus root extract showed a protective effect on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Degree of lipid peroxidation caused by paracetamol was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protection was measured in reference to serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate aspartate transaminase (SGPT), and blood and hepatic levels of antioxidants like glutathione and catalase. Administration of extract along with paracetamol showed significant protection. Levels of TBARS were found to be low, activities of SGOT and SGPT were low, while hepatic glutathione levels were significantly higher in experimental rats that received the mixture of paracetamol and the extract as compared to rats that received paracetamol only. Activities of catalase were also high in all experimental groups. Thus this study indicates the involvement of Raphanus sativus root extract with antioxidants like glutathione and catalase in rendering protection against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant effect of lercanidipine against pentylenetetrazole induced kindling in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Nitya Selvaraj ◽  
Deepa Kameswari ◽  
Ramya Gandhi ◽  
Meher Ali Raja Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role of high-voltage -sensitive activated dihydropyridine (L-type, CaV1.x) channels in the development of epilepsy. Based on that we hypothesized that lercanidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, would protect against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling in mice model of epilepsy.Methods: Kindling was induced in Swiss albino mice with PTZ in subconvulsive dose (30 mg/kg i.p.) thrice a week for nine weeks and the effect was scored using ‘4 point scoring system’. Rechallenging on the 3rd and 10th day with the same dose of PTZ was carried out after the last chronic dose.Results: The data of the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with lercanidipine (½ h before PTZ, in doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p. daily) alone and in combination with diazepam (2mg/kg i.p.) had decreased the incidence and severity of seizure as well as prolonged the onset of kindling in a dose-dependent manner (p <0.05). On rechallenging, lercanidipine resulted in reduction of seizure score (p <0.05) and increased the seizure latency.Conclusions: The present study suggested that lercanidipine offered neuroprotection against PTZ induced kindling in mice.

The Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine (VII): The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Echinops grjiisii

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ching Lin ◽  
Cheng-hung Lin ◽  
Hui-Fen Chiu ◽  
Min-Fu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The hepatotoxic-protective effects of "San-fang-feng" (the root of E. grijisii) and "Lou-lu" (the root of E. latifolius) on CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity have been proposed in our previous paper (Lin et al, 1990). The anti-inflammatory effects of these two crude drugs were investigated in this experiment. The results indicated that both of them displayed pronounced anti-inflammatory activities against carrageenan-induced edema. Furthermore, in order to isolated the main active components of E. grijisii, fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of E. grijisii were investigated in mice for their 24-h LD 50 and 95% confidence limits, which could be used as a guiding for further animal experiments. Our findings demonstrated that n-hexane (100,300 mg/kg), chloroform (30,100,300 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate (30,100, 300 mg/kg) fractions could markedly inhibit the carrageenan-induced inflammation, and the main active principle was found to be concentrated in the chloroform fraction, which possessed significant inhibitory activities even more than does indomethacin.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of Boerhaavia diffusa (Linn.) root methanolic extract in attenuating streptozotocin-induced diabetes, diabetes-linked hyperlipidemia and oxidative-stress in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3293-3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Akhter ◽  
Sahir Sultan Alvi ◽  
Parvej Ahmad ◽  
Danish Iqbal ◽  
Bader Mohammed Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Bioactive Fraction ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

Introduction: We have previously demonstrated that sequentially extracted methanolic fractions of Boerhaavia diffusa (Linn.) showed marked antioxidant, antidiabetic and oxidative-DNA damage protective properties in vitro. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of B.diffusa (Linn.) methanolic root extract and its partially purified bioactive fraction on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. Methods: The diabetic rats were treated for fourteen weeks either with methanolic extract of B. diffusa root (D-MT1, D-MT2, and D-MT3 : doses of 50, 150, and 300 mg/rat/day, respectively), partially isolated bioactive fraction (DBT: 0.5 mg/rat/day), or glibenclamide (D-GT: 0.5 mg/rat/day). Results: The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly alleviated in D-MT- and D-BT treated groups after fourteen weeks of administration. Moreover, plasma lipid profile, free fatty acids (FFAs), phospholipids (PLs), HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-R) activity, conjugated diene (CD), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also markedly ameliorate d in all treatment groups. In addition, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (Gred), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), were also significantly restored by D-MT — and D-BT — treated groups. Furthermore, histologically, all the unseemly features of nephropathy were extensively regressed and normalized by the administration of B. diffusa and its bioactive fraction. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a strong antidiabetic and hypolipidemic impact of B. diffusa extract an ideal alternative therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of diabetes as well as diabetes-linked hyperlipidemia.  

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Investigation of antiulcer activity of Pergularia extensa Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was based on determination of the antiulcer activity from methanol extract was prepared by using barks of pergularia extensa linn.. Priliminary investigations showed presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and sterols. Based on OECD-423 Guidelines, the pharmacology and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted by using methanolic extract. Ulcer development was prevented by Tannins because of their vasoconstriction effects and due to protein precipitation. Similarly, the Methanolic extract of Pergularia extensa Linn shows triterpenoids and saponins. The phytoconstituents are present in the extract and these could be possible agents which are involved in order to prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin. When compared to ulcerative control groups, this Pergularia extensa Linn., shows a dose dependent curative ratio. The extracts exhibited an inhibition percentage of 27.18, 45.47 and 61.28 at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses respectively. 

Assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of verbena officinalis Linn root or Atuch (Amharic)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crude Extracts

Verbena officinalis Linn is a traditionally known medicinal plant which is used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. In this study its antioxidant activity (reducing powers, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities), ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP), total flavonoid concentration and antimicrobial activities of 80%, 90%, 100% methanol and chloroform extracts of V. officinalis Linn root and 90% and100% methanol leaf extracts were determined. Its antioxidant activity increases with increase in amount of extract (10% to 40%v/v). Total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 73.32±0.002 mgQE/100g of dry weight (90% methanol) to 42.39±0.032 mgQE/100g dry weight (chloroform), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radical scavenging activity (%) was varied between 87.39% (90% methanol) to 45.57% (chloroform) while Ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed between 372.93±0.04 mgAAE/100 g extract (90% methanol) to 129.41±0.026 mgAAE/100 g chloroform in the root extract. The methanolic extract of the leaf showed less antioxidant activity than the methanolic extract of the root. Crude extracts of V. officinalis root showed various degree of antimicrobial activity towards drug resistance microbial pathogens. Growth inhibition tests against bacterial pathogens demonstrated concentration dependence. Moreover, gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to V. officinalis root extract when compared to gram negative bacteria. In general V. officinalis root and leave extracts possess strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Citrus Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Jin Xuezhu ◽  
Li Jitong ◽  
Nie Leigang ◽  
Xue Junlai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of citrus leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and its potential molecular mechanism. Carbon tetrachloride was used to construct hepatic injury animal model. To this end, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, carbon tetrachloride-treated, and two carbon tetrachloride + citrus leaf extract-treated groups. The results show that citrus leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the body weight changes and liver index. Besides, treatment with citrus leaf extract also reduced the levels of serum liver enzymes and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H&E staining and western blotting suggested that citrus leaf extract could repair liver histological damage by regulating AMPK and Nrf-2.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document